资源环境价值计量近年来成为资源与环境经济学的研究热点,但却因为在许多最基本的问题上迷失了方向,产生了不少似是而非的问题。被混淆的问题包括:①实物意义上的稀缺与经济学上的稀缺;②使用价值与交换价值;③边际价值与全部价值;④成本与价值;⑤个人消费者价值与社会价值。论文主要目的是通过澄清这些问题来指出如何对自然与环境资源估价。

This paper attempts to distinguish the differences between the followi ng pairs of con,cepts:physical scarcity versus economic scarcity,intrinsic value versus exchange value, marginal value versus total value,cost versus value,cons umer willingness to pay(WTP)versus shadow value.The purpose of non,market valuat ion is for efficient allocation of scare resources. There are many kinds of valu es.Only the exchange value can be used to guide resource allocation.It is pointe d out that the economic scarcity of a resource is reflected in price when market exists,or shadow value when the market does not exist.Measuring total value oft en does not make sense when we deal with resource allocation since our decision is usually marginal change.It is particularly argued that WTP is not a good indi cator to measure resource scarcity and guide resource allocation.It is emphasize d that that non,market valuation should be conducted in the framework of demand and supply and in the marginal perspective.Appraisal value is suggested as a pot ential alternative for non,market valuation.