基于源地综合识别与多尺度嵌套的徐州生态网络构建

doi:10.31497/zrzyxb.20200817

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 传统生态网络构建时,生态源地的辨识多考虑生境斑块的质量和面积,较少考虑斑块生态系统服务功能与空间结构的影响;且多从一个尺度在相对封闭的系统单元内进行网络构建,缺乏尺度间的嵌套协调,易导致其结构性错位。通过构建“属性—功能—结构”三位一体的源地综合识别指标体系,基于最小费用路径、电路理论、移动窗口搜索法等方法,构建并叠置分析徐州都市区和主城区两个尺度的生态网络,并提出优化策略。结果表明：（1）两尺度生态源地重合面积79.85 km²,廊道重合长度158.42 km,重合面积45.68 km²,重叠区域对多尺度生态网络衔接稳定至关重要,需重点保护;对都市区至关重要却缺乏主城区下垫面支撑的8条廊道要优先修复。（2）识别都市区与主城区夹点分别为17处与18处,重合10处;障碍点8处与10处,重合5处。生物迁移关键区域高迁移阻力与大优化潜力并存,亟需优先修复。生物过程跨尺度的连续性要求采用多尺度级联框架协同应对生态问题。（3）基于“斑块—廊道—基质”理论从“点—线—面”三个角度提出徐州多尺度嵌套生态网络的优化策略。研究结果可为区域生态安全格局构建、国土综合整治与生态系统修复提供决策参考。

关键词: 尺度嵌套, 生态源地识别, 徐州市, 尺度效应, 生态网络

Abstract: The identification of ecological source in the traditional ecological network construction mostly considers the quality and area of habitat patches, but seldom considers the impact of ecosystem service function and spatial structure. Moreover, the traditional ecological network is mostly constructed in a relatively closed unit with only one scale, lacking nesting coordination, which will lead to the dislocation of ecological network structure between scales. To solve the above problems, an "Attribution-Function-Structure" index system is constructed to identify the ecological sources comprehensively. The Least-cost path method, the Circuit Theory and the Cyclic Window Search Method are adopted to form and identify ecological corridors, pinch points and barrier points respectively. From the Xuzhou metropolitan area and main urban area, two-scale ecological networks are constructed and overlapped to analyze its nested structure and coordination degree. The results showed that: (1) The coincident source areas at two scales is 79.85 km², the overlapping corridors length is 158.42 km, and overlapping corridors area is 45.68 km², which are important for the stability of the multi-scale ecological network connection and need to be protected. Meanwhile, 8 corridors that are vital to the metropolitan area but lack the underbelly support within the main urban area should be repaired as a priority. (2) A total of 17 and 18 pinch points are identified in the metropolitan area and the main urban area respectively, 10 of which overlapped; 8 and 10 barrier points are identified respectively as well, 5 of which overlapped. Contact ratio indicates that high migration resistance and large optimization potential coexist in key biological migration areas, which is in urgent need of repair. And the continuity of biological processes across scales need a multi-scale cascade framework to solve ecological problems coordinately. (3) Based on the theory of "Patch-Corridor-Matrix", a multi-scale nested ecological network optimization strategy is proposed from the three points about "Point-Line-Polygon". The research results can provide references for the regional ecological security pattern construction, land consolidation and ecosystem restoration.

Key words: ecological network, scale effect, identification of ecological sources, scale nesting, Xuzhou city

朱捷, 苏杰, 尹海伟, 孔繁花. 基于源地综合识别与多尺度嵌套的徐州生态网络构建[J]. 自然资源学报, 2020, 35(8): 1986-2001.

ZHU Jie, SU Jie, YIN Hai-wei, KONG Fan-hua. Construction of Xuzhou ecological network based on comprehensive sources identification and multi-scale nesting[J]. JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES, 2020, 35(8): 1986-2001.

参考文献

[1] 尹海伟, 孔繁花, 祈毅, 等. 湖南省城市群生态网络构建与优化. 生态学报, 2011, 31(10): 2863-2874.
[YIN H W, KONG F H, QI Y, et al.Developing and optimizing ecological networks in urban agglomeration of Hunan province, China. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2011, 31(10): 2863-2874.]
[2] YOUNG C H, JARVIS P J.Measuring urban habitat fragmentation: An example from the Black Country, UK. Landscape Ecology, 2001, 16(7): 643-658.
[3] BENNETT A F.Habitat corridors and the conservation of small mammals in a fragmented forest environment. Landscape Ecology, 1990, 4(2): 109-122.
[4] BROSE U.Improving nature conservancy strategies by ecological network theory. Basic and Applied Ecology, 2010, 11(1): 1-5.
[5] 黄木易, 岳文泽, 冯少茹, 等. 基于MCR 模型的大别山核心区生态安全格局异质性及优化. 自然资源学报, 2019, 34(4): 771-784.
[HUANG M Y, YUE W Z, FENG S R, et al.Analysis of spatial heterogeneity of ecological security based on MCR model and ecological pattern optimization in the Yuexi county of the Dabie Mountain Area. Journal of Natural Resources, 2019, 34(4): 771-784.]
[6] 刘歆, 角媛梅, 王梅, 等. 基于图论的哈尼梯田区河渠网络关键节点和廊道评价. 生态学杂志, 2018, 37(1): 287-294.
[LIU X, JIAO Y M, WANG M, et al.Evaluation of key nodes and corridors of river and canal network in Hani Rice Terraces based on graph theory. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2018, 37(1): 287-294.]
[7] 刘佳, 尹海伟, 孔繁花, 等. 基于电路理论的南京城市绿色基础设施格局优化. 生态学报, 2018, 38(12): 4363-4372.
[LIU J, YIN H W, KONG F H, et al.Structure optimization of circuit theory-based green infrastructure in Nanjing, China. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2018, 38(12): 4363-4372.]
[8] 王晶晶, 尹海伟, 孔繁花. 多元价值目标导向的区域绿色基础设施网络规划: 以古黄河周边区域为例. 山东师范大学学报: 自然科学版, 2016, 31(3): 77-83.
[WANG J J, YIN H W, KONG F H.Developing green infrastructure networks based on diverse value objectives: A case of the surrounding area of Ancient Yellow River. Journal of Shandong Normal University: Natural Science, 2016, 31(3): 77-83.]
[9] CUNHA N S, MAGALHAES M R.Methodology for mapping the national ecological network to mainland portugal: A planning tool towards a green infrastructure. Ecological Indicators, 2019, 104: 802-818.
[10] 胡道生, 宗跃光, 许文雯. 城市新区景观生态安全格局构建: 基于生态网络分析的研究. 城市发展研究, 2011, 18(6): 37-43.
[HU D S, ZONG Y G, XU W W.Research on the construction of landscape ecological security pattern in the new urban region development based on ecology network analysis. Urban Studies, 2011, 18(6): 37-43.]
[11] 彭建, 赵会娟, 刘焱序, 等. 区域生态安全格局构建研究进展与展望. 地理研究, 2017, 36(3): 407-419.
[PENG J, ZHAO H J, LIU Y X, et al.Research progress and prospect on regional ecological security pattern construction. Geographical Research, 2017, 36(3): 407-419.]
[12] 吴健生, 张理卿, 彭建, 等. 深圳市景观生态安全格局源地综合识别. 生态学报, 2013, 33(13): 4125-4133.
[WU J S, ZHANG L Q, PENG J, et al.The integrated recognition of the source area of the urban ecological security pattern in Shenzhen. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2013, 33(13): 4125-4133.]
[13] 李晖, 易娜, 姚文璟, 等. 基于景观安全格局的香格里拉县生态用地规划. 生态学报, 2011, 31(20): 5928-5936.
[LI H, YI N, YAO W J, et al.Shangri-La county ecological land use planning based on landscape security pattern. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2011, 31(20): 5928-5936.]
[14] 陈昕, 彭建, 刘焱序, 等. 基于“重要性—敏感性—连通性”框架的云浮市生态安全格局构建. 地理研究, 2017, 36(3): 471-484.
[CHEN X, PENG J, LIU Y X, et al.Constructing ecological security patterns in Yunfu city based on the framework of importance-sensitivity-connectivity. Geographical Research, 2017, 36(3): 471-484.]
[15] 黄隆杨, 刘胜华, 方莹, 等. 基于“质量—风险—需求”框架的武汉市生态安全格局构建. 应用生态学报, 2019, 30(2): 259-270.
[HUANG L Y, LIU S H, FANG Y, et al.Construction of Wuhan's ecological security pattern under the "quality-risk-requirement" framework. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2019, 30(2): 259-270.]
[16] 彭建, 吕丹娜, 董建权, 等. 过程耦合与空间集成: 国土空间生态修复的景观生态学认知. 自然资源学报, 2020, 35(1): 3-13.
[PENG J, LYU D N, DONG J Q, et al.Processes coupling and spatial integration: Characterizing ecological restoration of territorial space in view of landscape ecology. Journal of Natural Resources. 2020, 35(1): 3-13.]
[17] 侯鹏, 王桥, 申文明, 等. 生态系统综合评估研究进展: 内涵、框架与挑战. 地理研究, 2015, 34(10): 1809-1823.
[HOU P, WANG Q, SHEN W M, et al.Progress of integrated ecosystem assessment: Concept, framework and challenges. Geographical Research, 2015, 34(10): 1809-1823.]
[18] 王云才, 吕东. 基于尺度转换与嵌套的生态网络规划研究: 以安徽省宣城市南漪湖地区为例. 见: 中国风景园林学会. 中国风景园林学会2015年会论文集. 南宁: 中国风景园林学会, 2015, 6: 308-313.
[WANG Y C, LYU D.Research on the ecological network planning based in scale transform and nesting: A case study of Nanyi Lake region in Anhui Province. In: Symposium Proceedings of Chinese Society of Landscape Architecture, 2015. Nanning: Chinese Society of Landscape Architecture, 2015, 6: 308-313.]
[19] 陈利顶, 吕一河, 傅伯杰, 等. 基于模式识别的景观格局分析与尺度转换研究框架. 生态学报, 2005, 26(3): 663-670.
[CHEN L D, LYU Y H, FU B J, et al.A framework on landscape pattern analysis and scale change by using pattern recognition approach. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2005, 26(3): 663-670.]
[20] 岳邦瑞, 刘臻阳. 从生态的尺度转向空间的尺度: 尺度效应在风景园林规划设计中的应用. 中国园林, 2017, 33(8): 77-81.
[YUE B R, LIU Z Y.From ecological scale to spatial scale: Application of scale effect in landscape architecture planning and design. Chinese Landscape Architecture, 2017, 33(8): 77-81.]
[21] ROHR R P, SAAVEDRA S, BASCOMPTE J.On the structural stability of mutualistic systems. Science, 2014, 345(6195): 1253497.
[22] HUBER P R, GRECO S E, THOME J H.Spatial scale effects on conservation network design: Trade-offs and omissions in regional versus local scale planning. Landscape Ecology, 2010, 25(5): 683-695.
[23] 吕一河, 傅伯杰. 生态学中的尺度及尺度转换方法. 生态学报, 2000, 21(12): 2096-2105.
[LYU Y H, FU B J.Ecological scale and scaling. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2000, 21(12): 2096-2105.]
[24] 赵军. 平原河网地区景观格局变化与多尺度环境响应研究. 上海: 华东师范大学, 2008.
[ZHAO J.Landscape pattern change and its environmental response across multiple spatial scales in Tidal Plain. Shanghai: East China Normal University, 2008.]
[25] 刘世梁, 侯笑云, 尹艺洁, 等. 景观生态网络研究进展. 生态学报, 2017, 37(12): 3947-3956.
[LIU S L, HOH X Y, YIN Y J, et al.Research progress on landscape ecological networks. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2017, 37(12): 3947-3956.]
[26] 郝月, 张娜, 杜亚娟, 等. 基于生境质量的唐县生态安全格局构建. 应用生态学报, 2019, 30(3): 1015-1024.
[HAO Y, ZHANG N, DU Y J, et al.Construction of ecological security pattern based on habitat quality in Tang county, Hebei, China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2019, 30(3): 1015-1024.]
[27] 邬建国. 景观生态学: 格局、过程、尺度与等级. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2007.
[WU J G.Landscape Ecology: Pattern, Process, Scale and Hierarchy. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2007.]
[28] 李国煜, 林丽群, 伍世代, 等. 生态源地识别与生态安全格局构建研究: 以福建省福清市为例. 地域研究与开发, 2018, 37(3): 120-125.
[LI G Y, LIN L Q, WU S D, et al.Recognition of ecological source and ecological security pattern construction: A case study of Fuqing city. Areal Research and Development, 2018, 37(3): 120-125.]
[29] 谢高地, 张彩霞, 张昌顺, 等. 中国生态系统服务的价值. 资源科学, 2015, 37(9): 1740-1746.
[XIE G D, ZHANG C X, ZHANG C S, et al.The value of ecosystem services in China. Resources Science, 2015, 37(9): 1740-1746.]
[30] 陈春娣, 吴胜军, MEURK C D, 等. 阻力赋值对景观连接模拟的影响. 生态学报, 2015, 35(22): 7367-7376.
[CHEN C D, WU S J, MEURK C D, et al.Effects of changing cost values on landscape connectivity simulation. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2015, 35(22): 7367-7376.]
[31] 侍昊, 徐雁南. 基于景观连通性的城市绿地核心区规划方法研究. 南京林业大学学报: 自然科学版, 2011, 35(1): 51-56.
[SHI H, XU Y N.Research on planning method of urban green space core region based on landscape connectivity. Journal of Nanjing Forestry University: Natural Science, 2011, 35(1): 51-56.]
[32] 魏家星, 宋轶, 王云才, 等. 基于空间优先级的快速城市化地区绿色基础设施网络构建: 以南京市浦口区为例. 生态学报, 2019, 39(4): 1178-1188.
[WEI J X, SONG Y, WANG Y C, et al.Urban green infrastructure building for sustainability in areas of rapid urbanization based on evaluating spatial priority: A case study of Pukou in China. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2019, 39(4): 1178-1188.]
[33] 张玉虎, 李义禄, 贾海峰. 永定河流域门头沟区景观生态安全格局评价. 干旱区地理, 2013, 36(6): 1049-1057.
[ZHANG Y H, LI Y L, JIA H F.Constructing landscape ecological security pattern in Yongding River Watershed: A case of Mengtougou Basin, Beijing. Arid Land Geogreaphy, 2013, 36(6): 1049-1057.]
[34] Linkage Mapper User Guide. http://code.google.com/p/linkage-mapper/, 2011-05-06/2016-03-11.
[35] MCRAE B H, BEIER P.Circuit theory predicts gene flow in plant and animal populations. PNAS, 2007, 104(50): 19885-19890.
[36] 宋利利, 秦明周. 整合电路理论的生态廊道及其重要性识别. 应用生态学报, 2016, 27(10): 3344-3352.
[SONG L L, QIN M Z.Identification of ecological corridors and its importance by integrating circuit theory. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2016, 27(10): 3344-3352.]
[37] MCRAE B H, HALL S A, BEIER P, et al.Where to restore ecological connectivity? Detecting barriers and quantifying restoration benefits. PLoS ONE, 2012, 7(12): e52604, Doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052604.
[38] 王回茴, 李汉廷, 谢苗苗, 等. 资源型城市工矿用地系统修复的生态安全格局构建. 自然资源学报, 2020, 35(1): 162-173.
[WANG H H, LI H T, XIE M M, et al.Construction of ecological security pattern for systematic restoration of industrial and mining land in resource-based cities. Journal of Natural Resources, 2020, 35(1): 162-173.]
[39] 倪庆琳, 侯湖平, 丁忠义, 等. 基于生态安全格局识别的国土空间生态修复分区: 以徐州市贾汪区为例. 自然资源学报, 2020, 35(1): 204-216.
[NI Q L, HOU H P, DING Z Y, et al.Ecological remediation zoning of territory based on the ecological security pattern recognition: Taking Jiawang district of Xuzhou city as an example. Journal of Natural Resources, 2020, 35(1): 204-216.]
[40] 赵文武, 傅伯杰, 陈利顶. 尺度推绎研究中的几点基本问题. 地球科学进展, 2002, (6): 905-911.
[ZHAO W W, FU B J, CHEN L D.Some fundamental issues in scaling. Advance in Earth Sciences, 2002, (6): 905-911.]