互花米草入侵对河口湿地沉积物重金属累积效应

doi:10.31497/zrzyxb.20200518

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了探究互花米草（Spartina alterniflora）入侵对湿地沉积物重金属累积的效应,选择典型亚热带河口湿地（闽江鳝鱼滩湿地）中未被入侵的短叶茳芏（Cyperus malaccensis）群落A、互花米草入侵斑块边缘B以及互花米草入侵斑块中央C三个典型区10个不同深度的Co、Ni、Cu、As进行研究,并采用地累积指数法及潜在生态风险评价法进行评价。结果表明：（1）三个采样点Co、Ni、Cu、As含量均随着互花米草入侵过程显著增加,即C>B>A,相比入侵前增量分别达到26.31%、19.66%、50.79%和16.93%;（2）地累积指数法显示,研究区域Co、Ni、Cu为轻度污染状态,As则处在强污染向极强污染过渡状态;（3）潜在生态风险评价法显示,研究区域Co、Ni、Cu的潜在生态风险轻微,As在A、B两点的潜在生态风险因子很强,C点为极强。两种评价方法均显示互花米草的入侵将一定程度上加剧重金属污染及其潜在的生态风险,区域内As污染需引起重视。进一步分析表明沉积物Co、Ni、Cu、As与总碳、总氮、碳氮比、容重和地上生物量呈显著相关,互花米草对湿地沉积物重金属累积的机制可能与其发达的地上生物量与地下密集的根系结构有关。

关键词: 重金属, 湿地, 累积, 互花米草, 沉积物

Abstract: In this paper, three sampling sites, namely a non-invaded Cyperus malaccensis wetland (A), a Spartina alterniflora-invaded patch edge (B) and a Spartina alterniflora-invaded wetland (C) were selected to examine the effects of Spartina alterniflora invasion on heavy metal accumulation in estuarine wetland sediments. Sediment Cobalt (Co), Nickel (Ni), Copper (Cu) and Arsenic (As) at 10 different depths were analyzed and then evaluated using geo-accumulation indexes and potential ecological risks evaluation methodology. The results suggested that: (1) Co, Ni, Cu and As in sediments increased with the invasive time of Spartina alterniflora (i.e. C>B>A), and the retention of Co, Ni, Cu and As increased by 26.31%, 19.66%, 50.79% and 16.93%, respectively. (2) According to the geo-accumulation indexes, Co, Ni and Cu in the research area were slightly polluted and As experienced a transitional period from strongly polluted to extremely polluted. (3) The potential ecological risks of Co, Ni and Cu were low, however As at sites A and B was in high potential ecological risk and that at site C was in very high risk. The results of both methods showed that Spartina alterniflora invasion increased heavy metal pollution and potential ecological risks. And more attention should be given to the As pollution in the research area. Finally, the heavy metals in sediments were significantly correlated with total carbon, total nitrogen, C/N, bulk density and aboveground biomass, which indicated that the accumulation of heavy metals might be related to the developed biomass aboveground and the dense root structure underground of Spartina alterniflora.

Key words: heavy metal, sediment, accumulation, Spartina alterniflora, wetland

谢蓉蓉, 吴如林, 唐晨, 赖月婷, 龚开晟, 李家兵. 互花米草入侵对河口湿地沉积物重金属累积效应[J]. 自然资源学报, 2020, 35(5): 1238-1249.

XIE Rong-rong, WU Ru-lin, TANG Chen, LAI Yue-ting, GONG Kai-sheng, LI Jia-bing. Heavy metal accumulation affected by Spartina alterniflora invasion in estuarine wetland sediments[J]. JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES, 2020, 35(5): 1238-1249.

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