自然资源学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (6): 1223-1231.doi: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20190608
吕曾哲舟1(), 黄晓霞1(
), 王琇瑜1, 和克俭1, 丁佼2, 孙晓能1
收稿日期:
2019-09-21
修回日期:
2019-03-27
出版日期:
2019-06-20
发布日期:
2019-06-20
作者简介:
作者简介:吕曾哲舟(1995- ),女,湖南邵阳人,硕士,主要从事自然地理学研究。E-mail:
基金资助:
Zhe-zhou LYUZENG1(), Xiao-xia HUANG1(
), Xiu-yu WANG1, Ke-jian HE1, Jiao DING2, Xiao-neng SUN1
Received:
2019-09-21
Revised:
2019-03-27
Online:
2019-06-20
Published:
2019-06-20
摘要:
近几年玉龙雪山生态旅游热升温,对该区域生态环境和植被资源的影响日趋显著,研究该区域高山草甸所受干扰对制定该区域的生态保护、可持续发展对策具有重要意义。为明晰人类活动对玉龙雪山高山草甸的影响,选取该区域典型高山草甸分布区域作为研究区,分析其草甸退化格局,通过干扰强度模型量化研究区的干扰格局,并利用方差分解确定不同干扰对高山草甸退化的贡献率。结果表明:(1)放牧干扰主要集中在牲畜饮水点附近,旅游干扰更多作用于景区观景台和寺庙附近,干扰活动分布与路径体系相吻合,游径布设和游客行为扩散模式决定了旅游干扰的格局;(2)草甸退化程度随干扰程度的增加而升高,干扰强度最大的区域与草甸的重度退化区域重合;(3)总体上旅游较放牧对草甸退化的贡献作用更大,但存在空间差异。在玉龙雪山牦牛坪景区,旅游干扰已逐渐取代放牧干扰成为主要干扰因素,且路径体系与旅游干扰格局具有较高的吻合度,对草甸退化格局的影响在逐渐增加。综上,建议选取使用率高的非正式路径修建为正式路径,保护和恢复分布在使用率低的非正式路径旁的植被和土壤,以降低旅游干扰对高山草甸的影响。
吕曾哲舟, 黄晓霞, 王琇瑜, 和克俭, 丁佼, 孙晓能. 玉龙雪山牦牛坪高山草甸的干扰格局分析[J]. 自然资源学报, 2019, 34(6): 1223-1231.
Zhe-zhou LYUZENG, Xiao-xia HUANG, Xiu-yu WANG, Ke-jian HE, Jiao DING, Xiao-neng SUN. Disturbance pattern of alpine meadow in Yak Meadow Park, Jade Dragon Mountain[J]. JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES, 2019, 34(6): 1223-1231.
Table 1
Tourists flow by ropeways in Jade dragon Snow Mountain during 2006-2016 (104人次)"
年份 | 冰川公园 | 云杉坪 | 牦牛坪 | 总计 |
---|---|---|---|---|
2006 | 66.22 | 86.11 | 16.44 | 168.77 |
2007 | 76.18 | 76.01 | 17.77 | 169.97 |
2008 | 69.86 | 53.89 | 17.43 | 141.18 |
2009 | 66.83 | 128.43 | 8.63 | 203.89 |
2010 | 16.12 | 168.22 | 8.95 | 193.29 |
2011 | 89.69 | 169.59 | 8.52 | 267.80 |
2012 | 119.70 | 155.81 | 8.26 | 283.76 |
2013 | 143.97 | 142.29 | 8.53 | 294.77 |
2014 | 157.74 | 168.46 | 11.12 | 337.31 |
2015 | 226.11 | 132.75 | 10.75 | 369.62 |
2016 | 267.53 | 125.16 | 8.34 | 401.03 |
总计 | 1299.95 | 1406.72 | 124.74 | 2831.39 |
年均 | 118.18 | 127.88 | 11.34 | 257.40 |
表2
放牧和旅游对各区域退化草甸干扰贡献率"
贡献率/% | WL | WM | WH | GL | GM | GH | TL | TM | TH |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[a] 放牧单独解释 | 23.67 | 32.17 | 38.74 | 23.00 | 39.71 | 65.65 | 8.10 | 9.59 | 10.97 |
[b] 旅游单独解释 | 32.90 | 36.03 | 43.57 | 1.44 | 1.02 | 6.24 | 62.32 | 63.24 | 60.53 |
[c] 共同解释 | -16.10 | -19.40 | -22.38 | -2.90 | -1.15 | -5.61 | -9.88 | -10.33 | -10.45 |
[a+b+c] 全部解释 | 40.47 | 48.79 | 59.93 | 21.54 | 39.58 | 66.28 | 60.54 | 62.50 | 61.05 |
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