自然资源学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (3): 487-500.doi: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20190304

• 资源利用与管理 • 上一篇    下一篇

世界煤炭资源流动的时空格局及成因分析

王诺(), 张进, 吴迪, 赵伟杰   

  1. 大连海事大学交通运输工程学院,大连 116026
  • 收稿日期:2018-09-15 修回日期:2019-01-10 出版日期:2019-03-28 发布日期:2019-03-28
  • 作者简介:

    作者简介:王诺(1954- ),男,辽宁大连人,博士,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为交通运输规划与管理。E-mail: wangnuodl@126.com

  • 基金资助:
    国家海洋软科学项目(JJYX201612-1);辽宁省社科基金重点项目(L15AJY014)

The temporal and spatial patterns and causes of coal resource flow in the world

WANG Nuo(), ZHANG Jin, WU Di, ZHAO Wei-jie   

  1. Transportation Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, Liaoning, China
  • Received:2018-09-15 Revised:2019-01-10 Online:2019-03-28 Published:2019-03-28

摘要:

基于1990-2016年的统计数据,采用场理论研究世界煤炭资源流动的时空格局变化及其成因,揭示近30年来世界煤炭资源的流动状态及其演变过程。研究结果显示:(1)2016年世界煤炭的输出总量达12.25亿t,比1990年增加了10.13亿t,年均增长6.98%,其中澳大利亚、印尼和俄罗斯等是主要的煤炭输出国,印度、日本、中国和韩国是主要的煤炭输入国;(2)以场理论的位势、流场分布、流动迹线角度分析,世界煤炭资源的流动以北美洲、中南美洲和非洲为源流场,以欧洲及欧亚大陆、中东和亚太为汇流场,在澳大利亚—东亚、印尼—东亚/印度之间形成主要运输航线;(3)资源空间分布、供需匹配程度、空间距离、市场因素和国家政策等是煤炭资源流动的主要动因。研究发现:虽然中国煤炭储量丰富,但是煤炭消费数量庞大,仅可维持72年,必须重视煤炭的进口和储备工作。该研究对于中国科学制定产业政策具有重要价值。

关键词: 煤炭, 流动, 格局, 成因

Abstract:

Based on the statistical data from 1990 to 2016, this paper uses field theory to study the changes in the temporal and spatial pattern of coal resources in the world and their causes, revealing the flow of the world's coal resources and their evolution in the past 30 years. The results show that: (1) In 2016, the world's coal output reached 1.225 billion tons, an increase of 1.013 billion tons over 1990 and the average annual growth rate is 6.98%. Among them, Australia, Indonesia and Russia are the main exporters of coal, while India, Japan, China and South Korea are the main coal importers. (2) Analysis of the potential of the field theory, the distribution of the flow field and the angle of the flow trace, the flow of world's coal resources is the source flow in North America, Central and South America and Africa, with Europe and Eurasia, the Middle East and the Asia Pacific as the sinks flow field, and the major transport routes between Australia to East Asia, Indonesia to East Asia and India. (3) Spatial distribution of resources, matching degree of supply and demand, space distance, market factors and national policies are the main reasons for the flow of coal resources. The study found that although China's coal reserves are abundant, the amount of coal consumption is huge, and it can last for only 72 years, so we must attach importance to the import and storage of coal. This study is of great value to China in formulating industrial policies scientifically.

Key words: coal, flow, pattern, cause