黄土高原草地土壤水分和物种多样性沿降水梯度的分布格局

doi:10.31497/zrzyxb.20170726

自然资源学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (8): 1351-1362.doi: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20170726

黄土高原草地土壤水分和物种多样性沿降水梯度的分布格局

张钦弟^1,2, 卫伟^1,3,*, 陈利顶^1,3, 杨磊^1,3

1. 中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域国家重点实验室,北京 100085;
2. 山西师范大学生命科学学院,山西临汾 041004;
3. 中国科学院大学,北京 100049

收稿日期:2017-07-21 修回日期:2017-11-04 出版日期:2018-08-20 发布日期:2018-08-20
通讯作者: 卫伟（1978- ）,男,研究员,博士,研究方向为景观生态与生态水文。E-mail: weiwei@rcees.ac.cn
作者简介:张钦弟（1982- ）,男,河南南阳人,副教授,博士,研究方向为群落生态和生态水文。E-mail: nyzqd@126.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目（41390462, 41601027）;国家重点研发计划专项（2016YFC0501701）;国家“十二五”科技支撑计划专题（2015BAC01B02）

Spatial Variation of Soil Moisture and Species Diversity Patterns along a Precipitation Gradient in the Grasslands of the Loess Plateau

ZHANG Qin-di^1,2, WEI Wei^1,3, CHEN Li-ding^1,3, YANG Lei^1,3

1. State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China;
2. College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen 041000, China;
3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2017-07-21 Revised:2017-11-04 Online:2018-08-20 Published:2018-08-20
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China,No. 41390462 and 41601027;the National Key Research and Development Program of China, No. 2016YFC0501701;the National Advanced Project of the Twelfth Five-year Plan of China, No. 2015BAC01B02

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 研究土壤水分、生物多样性的空间变异性是认识陆地生态系统对降水变化的响应特征及适应机制的有效途径。论文利用黄土高原自东南向西北的天然降水梯度,采用样带研究方法对47个草地0~3 m土壤水分和物种多样性进行测定,系统分析了草地土壤水分和植物物种多样性在降水梯度上（250~550 mm）的空间分异及二者之间的权衡关系。结果表明：降水自东南向西北递减是控制黄土高原草地0~3 m土壤水分和物种多样性空间异质性的关键因素。随降雨减少,土壤水分呈线性递减趋势,其中浅层土壤水分（0~1 m）与年降水量相关系数最大。物种丰富度指数和物种多样性指数随降水减少呈显著的线性递减趋势,物种均匀度指数在降水梯度上没有明显变化。370 mm年均降水量是物种多样性和土壤水分权衡关系的转折点,转折点以上二者存在协同关系,即土壤水分和物种多样性沿降水梯度以相同速率变化。370 mm年均降水量以下,物种多样性和土壤水分的权衡增大,意味着维持物种多样性以消耗土壤水分为代价。

关键词: 黄土高原, 降水梯度, 权衡分析, 土壤水分, 物种多样性

Abstract: The spatial variations of soil moisture and biodiversity have become central issues in ecohydrology which contribute to the understanding of the response of terrestrial ecosystem to precipitation change in water-limited areas. Based a precipitation gradient (250-550 mm) in the Loess Plateau, vertical soil moisture (0-3 m) and species diversity at 47 grassland sites across a southeast-northwest transect were surveyed. The spatial variations of soil moisture and species diversity were evaluated, and the tradeoff between them along the precipitation gradient was quantified. Results showed great variation of soil moisture in the vertical profiles along the precipitation gradient. Significant linear correlation existed between the average soil moisture of the profile and the mean annual precipitation, and the soil moisture in the shallow layer (0-1 m) was affected more greatly by mean annual precipitation. The Patrick index and Shannon-Wiener diversity index also showed positive linear correlation with precipitation, however, Pielou evenness index did not (P>0.05). The linear piece-wise quantile regression was applied to determine the inflection points of the response of tradeoff between species diversity and soil moisture to the precipitation gradient. It revealed obvious trend of the tradeoff along the precipitation gradient. The inflection point of the tradeoff was detected at the mean annual precipitation of 370 mm. Under the 370 mm annual mean precipitation, soil moisture constrains species diversity in the relatively arid regions, while the synergy between soil moisture and species diversity exists in the relatively humid regions in this study. This suggests species maintaining in the relatively arid regions is at the cost of soil water. The results demonstrate that the precipitation gradient determined the tradeoff between soil moisture and species diversity in the grasslands of the Loess Plateau. Consequently, this tradeoff could be an ecological indicator and tool for restoration management in the Loess Plateau.

Key words: Loess Plateau, precipitation gradient, soil moisture, species diversity, tradeoff analysis

中图分类号:

Q948

张钦弟, 卫伟, 陈利顶, 杨磊. 黄土高原草地土壤水分和物种多样性沿降水梯度的分布格局[J]. 自然资源学报, 2018, 33(8): 1351-1362.

ZHANG Qin-di, WEI Wei, CHEN Li-ding, YANG Lei. Spatial Variation of Soil Moisture and Species Diversity Patterns along a Precipitation Gradient in the Grasslands of the Loess Plateau[J]. JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES, 2018, 33(8): 1351-1362.

参考文献

[1] HUXMAN T E, SMITH M D, FAY P A, et al.Convergence across biomes to a common rain-use efficiency[J]. Nature, 2004, 429(6992): 651-654.
[2] SCHIMEL D S, HOUSE J I, HIBBARD K A, et al.Recent patterns and mechanisms of carbon recent patterns and mechanisms of carbon exchange by terrestrial ecosystems[J]. Nature, 2001, 414(6860): 169-172.
[3] YAHDJIAN L, SALA O E.Vegetation structure constrains primary production response to water availability in the Patagonian steppe[J]. Ecology, 2006, 87(4): 952-62.
[4] KNAPP A K, FAY P A, BLAIR J M, et al.Rainfall variability, carbon cycling, and plant species diversity in a mesic grassland[J]. Science, 2002, 298(5601): 2202-2205.
[5] SU C H, FU B J.Evolution of ecosystem services in the Chinese Loess Plateau under climatic and land use changes[J]. Global and Planetary Change, 2013, 101: 119-128.
[6] 孟莹莹, 周莉, 周旺明, 等. 长白山风倒区植被恢复26年后物种多样性变化特征[J]. 生态学报, 2015, 35(1): 142-149.
[MENG Y Y, ZHOU L, ZHOU W M, et al.Characteristics of plant species diversity in a windthrow area on Changbai Mountain after 26 years of natural recovery. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2015, 35(1): 142-149. ]
[7] 武建双, 李晓佳, 沈振西, 等. 藏北高寒草地样带物种多样性沿降水梯度的分布格局[J]. 草业学报, 2012, 21(3): 17-25.
[WU J S, LI X J, SHEN Z X, et al.Species diversity distribution pattern of alpine grasslands communities along precipitation gradient across northern Tibetan Plateau. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2012, 21(3): 17-25. ]
[8] 岳静, 郝敏, 张灵菲, 等. 物种多样性-生态系统功能关系的影响因素[J]. 草业科学, 2011, 28(4): 532-535.
[YUE J, HAO M, ZHANG L F, et al.The factors influencing relationship between species diversity and ecosystem functioning. Prataculturae Science, 2011, 28(4): 532-535. ]
[9] 马文静, 张庆, 牛建明, 等. 物种多样性和功能群多样性与生态系统生产力的关系——以内蒙古短花针茅草原为例[J]. 植物生态学报, 2013, 37(7): 620-630.
[MA W J, ZHANG Q, NIU J M, et al.Relationship of ecosystem primary productivity to species diversity and functional groupdiversity: Evidence from Stipa breviflora grassland in Nei Mongol. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2013, 37(7): 620-630. ]
[10] LOREAU M, NAEEM S, INCHAUSTI P, et al.Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: Current knowledge and future challenges[J]. Science, 2001, 294(5543): 804-808.
[11] MAESTRE F T, QUERO J L, GOTELLI N J, et al.Plant species richness and ecosystem multifunctionality in global drylands[J]. Science, 2012, 335(6065): 214-218.
[12] 赵新风, 徐海量, 张鹏, 等. 养分与水分添加对荒漠草地植物群落结构和物种多样性的影响[J]. 植物生态学报, 2014, 38(2): 167-177.
[ZHAO X F, XU H L, ZHANG P, et al.Effects of nutrient and water additions on plant community structure and species diversity indesert grasslands. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2014, 38(2): 167-177. ]
[13] ADLER P B, LEVINE J M.Contrasting relationships between precipitation and species richness in space and time[J]. Oikos, 2007, 116(2): 221-232.
[14] 辛智鸣, 黄雅茹, 章尧想, 等. 乌兰布和沙漠白刺与沙蒿群落多样性及其对降水的响应[J]. 河南农业科学, 2015, 44(1): 117-120.
[XIN Z M, HUANG Y R, ZHANG Y X, et al.Community diversity of Nitraria tangutorum Bobr and Artemisia sphaerocephala in Ulanbuh Desert and its response to precipitation. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2015, 44(1): 117-120. ]
[15] 李文娇, 刘红梅, 赵建宁, 等. 氮素和水分添加对贝加尔针茅草原植物多样性及生物量的影响[J]. 生态学报, 2015, 35(19): 6460-6469.
[LI W J, LIU H M, ZHAO J N, et al.Effects of nitrogen and water addition on plant species diversity and biomass of common species in the Stipa baicalensis steppe, Inner Mongolia, China. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2015, 35(19): 6460-6469. ]
[16] 贺金生, 陈伟烈. 陆地植物群落物种多样性的梯度变化特征[J]. 生态学报, 1997, 17(1): 91-99.
[HE J S, CHEN W L.A review of gradient changes in speciesdiversity of land plant communities. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 1997, 17(1): 91-99. ]
[17] WILLIS K J, WHITTAKER R J.Species diversity: Scale matters[J]. Science, 2002, 295(5558): 1245-1248.
[18] GLENN-LEWIN D C. Species diversity in North American temperate forests[J]. Plant Ecology, 1977, 33(2): 153-162.
[19] 李小雁. 干旱地区土壤-植被-水文耦合、响应与适应机制[J]. 中国科学(地球科学), 2011, 21(12): 1721-1730.
[LI X Y.Mechanism of coupling, response and adaptation between soil, vegetation and hydrology in arid and semiarid regions. Scientia Sinica Terrae, 2011, 21(12): 1721-1730. ]
[20] RODRIGUEZ-ITURBE I, PORPORATO A.Ecohydrology of Water-Controlled Ecosystems [M]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
[21] WANG L, D’ODORICO P, EVANS J P, et al. Dryland ecohydrology and climate change: Critical issues and technical advances[J]. Hydrology & Earth System Sciences, 2012, 16(8): 2585-2603.
[22] RUIZSINOGA J D, GABARRÓN G M A, MARTINEZ M J F, et al. Vegetation strategies for soil water consumption along a pluviometric gradient in southern Spain[J]. Catena, 2011, 84(1/2): 12-20.
[23] 张志南, 武高林, 王冬, 等. 黄土高原半干旱区天然草地群落结构与土壤水分关系[J]. 草业科学, 2014, 23(6): 313-319.
[ZHANG Z N, WU G L, WANG D, et al.Plant community structure and soil moisture in the semi-arid natural grassland of the Leoss Platuau. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2014, 23(6): 313-319. ]
[24] FAY P A, BLAIR J M, SMITH M D, et al.Relative effects of precipitation variability and warming on grassland ecosystem function[J]. Biogeosciences Discussions, 2011, 8(4): 3053-3068.
[25] HARPER C W, BLAIR J M, FAY P A, et al.Increased rainfall variability and reduced rainfall amount decreases soil CO₂ flux in a grassland ecosystem[J]. Global Change Biology, 2010, 11(2): 322-334.
[26] BRADFORD J B, D’AMATO A W. Recognizing trade-offs in multi-objective land management[J]. Frontiers in Ecology & the Environment, 2011, 10(4): 210-216.
[27] YANG L, CHEN L D, WEI W, et al.Comparison of deep soil moisture in two re-vegetation watersheds in semi-arid regions[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2014, 513(1): 314-321.
[28] CHEN L F, HE Z B, ZHU X, et al.Impacts of afforestation on plant diversity, soil properties, and soil organic carbon storage in a semi-arid grassland of northwestern China[J]. Catena, 2016, 147: 300-307.
[29] ROBERTSON T R, ZAK J C, TISSUE D T.Precipitation magnitude and timing differentially affect species richness and plant density in the sotol grassland of the Chihuahuan Desert[J]. Oecologia, 2010, 162(1): 185-197.
[30] WANG C, WANG S, FU B J, et al.Precipitation gradient determines the tradeoff between soil moisture and soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, and species richness in the Loess Plateau, China[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2017, 575: 1538-1545.
[31] WU G L, ZHANG Z N, WANG D, et al.Interactions of soil water content heterogeneity and species diversity patterns in semi-arid steppes on the Loess Plateau of China[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2014, 519: 1362-1367.
[32] 李志, 赵西宁. 1961—2009年黄土高原气象要素的时空变化分析[J]. 自然资源学报, 2013, 28(2): 287-299.
[LI Z, ZHAO X N.Spatiotemporal analysis of meteorological elements on the Loess Plateau during 1961-2009. Journal of Natural Resources, 2013, 28(2): 287-299. ]
[33] 马克平, 黄建辉. 北京东灵山地区植物群落多样性的研究: Ⅱ丰富度、均匀度和物种多样性指数[J]. 生态学报, 1995, 18(3): 268-277.
[MA K P, HUANG J H.Plant community diversity in Dongling Mountain, Beijing, China: Ⅱ. Species richness, evenness and species diversities. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 1995, 18(3): 268-277. ]
[34] 傅伯杰, 于丹丹. 生态系统服务权衡与集成方法[J]. 资源科学, 2016, 38(1): 1-9.
[FU B J, YU D D.Trade-off analyses and synthetic integrated methodof multiple ecosystem services. Resources Science, 2016, 38(1): 1-9. ]
[35] 杨丽红, 周正朝. 最小二乘与分位数回归方法在河流水沙研究中的应用——以陕北延河流域为例[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2014, 12(5): 45-51.
[YANG L H, ZHOU Z C.Comparison of ordinary least square regression and quantile regression in the study of hydrological elements of Yanhe River Basin. Science of Soil and Water Conservation, 2014, 12(5): 45-51. ]
[36] The R Development Core Team. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing[M]. Vienna, Austria: The R Foundation for Statistical Computing, 2015.
[37] 邱扬, 傅伯杰, 王军, 等. 土壤水分时空变异及其与环境因子的关系[J]. 生态学杂志, 2007, 26(1): 100-107.
[QIU Y, FU B J, WANG J, et al.Spatiotemporal variation of soil moisture and its relation to environmental fators. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2007, 26(1): 100-107. ]
[38] NAUMANN G, DUTRA E, BARBOSA P, et al.Comparison of drought indicators derived from multiple data sets over Africa[J]. Hydrology & Earth System Sciences, 2014, 18(18): 1625-1640.
[39] ROBOCK A, VINNIKOV K Y.Temporal and spatial scales of observed soil moisture variations in the extratropics[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 2000, 105(D9): 11865-11878.
[40] WANG Y Q, SHAO M A, ZHU Y, et al.Impacts of land use and plant characteristics on dried soil layers in different climatic regions on the Loess Plateau of China[J]. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2011, 151(4): 437-448.
[41] WANG C, WANG S, FU B J, et al.Soil moisture variations with land use along the precipitation gradient in the north-south transect of the Loess Plateau[J]. Land Degradation & Development, 2016, 28: 926-935.
[42] YANG L, CHEN L D, WEI W.Effects of vegetation restoration on the spatial distribution of soil moisture at the hillslope scale in semi-arid regions[J]. Catena, 2015, 124: 138-146.
[43] CLARK J S, CAMPBELL J H, GRIZZLE H, et al.Soil microbial community response to drought and precipitation variability in the Chihuahuan Desert[J]. Microbial Ecology, 2009, 57(2): 248-260.
[44] 张金屯, 柴宝峰, 邱扬, 等. 晋西吕梁山严村流域撂荒地植物群落演替中的物种多样性变化[J]. 生物多样性, 2000, 8(4): 378-384.
[ZHANG J T, CHAI B F, QIU Y, et al.Changes in species diversity in the succession of plant communities of abandoned land in Lüliang Mountain, western Shanxi. Chinese Biodiversity, 2000, 8(4): 378-384. ]
[45] PECO B, CARMONA C P, DE PABLOS I, et al.Effects of grazing abandonment on functional and taxonomic diversity of Mediterranean grasslands[J]. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 2012, 152: 27-32.
[46] PORPORATO A, D’ODORICO P, LAIO F, et al. Ecohydrology of water-controlled ecosystems[J]. Advances in Water Resources, 2003, 25: 1335-1348.
[47] 刘晓娟, 马克平. 植物功能性状研究进展[J]. 中国科学: 生命科学, 2015, 45(4): 325-339.
[LIU X J, MA K P.Plant functional traits-concepts, applications and future directions. Scientia Sinica Vitae, 2015, 45(4): 325-339. ]
[48] LU N, FU B J, JIN T T, et al.Trade-off analyses of multiple ecosystem services by plantations along a precipitation gradient across Loess Plateau landscapes[J]. Landscape Ecology, 2014, 29(10): 1697-1708.
[49] 郭忠升, 邵明安. 土壤水分植被承载力研究成果在实践中的应用[J]. 自然资源学报, 2009, 24(12): 2187-2193.
[GUO Z S, SHAO M A.Use of the theory of soil water carrying capacity for vegetation in practice. Journal of Natural Resources, 2009, 24(12): 2187-2193. ]
[50] FENG X M, FU B J, PIAO S L, et al.Revegetation in China’s Loess Plateau is approaching sustainable water resource limits[J]. Nature Climate Change, 2016, 6(11): 1019-1022.
[51] 赵安周, 张安兵, 刘海新, 等. 退耕还林(草)工程实施前后黄土高原植被覆盖时空变化分析[J]. 自然资源学报, 2017, 32(3): 449-460.
[ZHAO A Z, ZHANG A B, LIU H X, et al.Spatiotemporal variation of vegetation coverage before and after implementation of Grain for Green Project in the Loess Plateau. Journal of Natural Resources, 2017, 32(3): 449-460. ]

黄土高原草地土壤水分和物种多样性沿降水梯度的分布格局

Spatial Variation of Soil Moisture and Species Diversity Patterns along a Precipitation Gradient in the Grasslands of the Loess Plateau

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

赞

可视化

被引次数

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 15

Metrics

本文评价

推荐阅读 0

[1]	周才钰, 许有鹏, 刘鹏飞, 王强, 王杰. 东部湿润区典型小流域土地利用的土壤水效应[J]. 自然资源学报, 2021, 36(2): 490-500.
[2]	杨静涵, 刘梦云, 张杰, 张萌萌, 曹润珊, 曹馨悦. 黄土高原沟壑区小流域土壤养分空间变异特征及其影响因素[J]. 自然资源学报, 2020, 35(3): 743-754.
[3]	陈卓鑫, 王文龙, 郭明明, 王天超, 郭文召, 王文鑫, 康宏亮, 杨波, 赵满. 黄土高塬沟壑区植被恢复对不同地貌部位土壤可蚀性的影响[J]. 自然资源学报, 2020, 35(2): 387-398.
[4]	张文强, 孙从建, 李新功. 晋西南黄土高原区植被覆盖度变化及其生态效应评估[J]. 自然资源学报, 2019, 34(8): 1748-1758.
[5]	亢小语, 张志强, 陈立欣, 冷曼曼, 杨锋伟. 黄土高原中尺度流域基流变化驱动因素分析[J]. 自然资源学报, 2019, 34(3): 563-572.
[6]	王浩, 罗格平, 王伟胜, PACHIKINKonstantin, 李耀明, 郑宏伟, 胡伟杰. 基于多源遥感数据的锡尔河中下游农田土壤水分反演[J]. 自然资源学报, 2019, 34(12): 2717-2731.
[7]	任婧宇, 彭守璋, 曹扬, 霍晓英, 陈云明. 1901—2014年黄土高原区域气候变化时空分布特征[J]. 自然资源学报, 2018, 33(4): 621-633.
[8]	王学春, 李军, 王红妮, 郝明德. 黄土高原冬小麦田土壤水分与小麦产量对降水和气温变化响应的模拟研究[J]. 自然资源学报, 2017, 32(8): 1398-1410.
[9]	彭海英, 童绍玉, 李小雁. 内蒙古典型草原土壤及其水文过程对灌丛化的响应[J]. 自然资源学报, 2017, 32(4): 642-653.
[10]	赵安周, 张安兵, 刘海新, 刘焱序, 王贺封, 王冬利. 退耕还林（草）工程实施前后黄土高原植被覆盖时空变化分析[J]. 自然资源学报, 2017, 32(3): 449-460.
[11]	朱桂丽, 李杰, 魏学红, 何念鹏. 青藏高寒草地植被生产力与生物多样性的经度格局[J]. 自然资源学报, 2017, 32(2): 210-222.
[12]	邱甜甜, 刘国彬, 王国梁, 孙利鹏, 姚旭. 人工油松林不同生长阶段深层土壤有机碳和活性碳的差异及其影响因素[J]. 自然资源学报, 2016, 31(8): 1399-1409.
[13]	曾全超, 李鑫, 董扬红, 安韶山. 黄土高原延河流域不同植被类型下土壤生态化学计量学特征[J]. 自然资源学报, 2016, 31(11): 1881-1891.
[14]	程乾, 陈奕霏, 李顺达, 徐俊锋. 基于高分1号卫星和地面实测数据的杭州湾河口湿地植物物种多样性研究[J]. 自然资源学报, 2016, 31(11): 1938-1948.
[15]	郭正，李军，张玉娇，曹裕，张丽娜，范鹏. 黄土高原不同降水量区旱作苹果园地水分生产力和土壤干燥化效应模拟与比较[J]. 自然资源学报, 2016, 31(1): 135-150.