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农村居民食物消费结构对耕地需求的影响——以西藏“一江两河”流域为例
高利伟, 徐增让, 成升魁, 许世卫, 张宪洲, 余成群, 孙维, 武俊喜, 曲云鹤, 马杰
自然资源学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (1) : 12-14.
PDF(798 KB)
PDF(798 KB)
农村居民食物消费结构对耕地需求的影响——以西藏“一江两河”流域为例
Arable Land Requirements Related Food Consumption Pattern—A Case Study in Lhasa, Xigaze and Shannan Region of Rural Tibet
发展人工种草是缓解西藏草畜矛盾和生态环境问题的重要途径之一。食物消费结构趋向多元化,内地食物消费比重增加,缓解了西藏地区食物生产压力,为西藏农业地区发展种草提供了有利条件。论文基于农户食物生产和消费调研数据、市场调研数据并且结合统计数据资料,在利用和改进Gerbens-Leenes等（2002）发展的食物消费与耕地需求之间关系的方法基础之上,系统分析了“一江两河”流域（拉萨地区、日喀则地区和山南地区）农户腾出耕地种草的潜力。结果显示,西藏农区居民家庭食物消费结构耕地需求不高,理论上腾出耕地种草潜力较大。2010年“一江两河”流域中的拉萨市、日喀则地区以及山南地区户均耕地需求分别为 5 542.3、7 400.1和5 521.7 m2,而腾出耕地种草的潜力分别为4 777.5、2 977.3和2 054.4 m2,拉萨地区、日喀则地区和山南地区分别占到户均耕地面积的46.3%、28.7%以及27.1%。但是,考虑到当地快速的人口增长以及脆弱的生态环境对农业生产的不利因素,“一江两河”流域不同地区应该根据各自农业生产特点以及畜牧业发展水平,有针对性地开展农牧业结构调整,通过种草补贴等激励措施和政策,提高农户种草积极性,开拓饲草市场,统筹土地的种粮和种草功能,优化配置土地饲草资源,缓解当地草畜矛盾,增加农户种草收入。
The development of planting forage grass is one of the important ways to alleviate the grass-livestock conflict and entironment problem in rural Tibet. The diversity of food consumption pattern and the increase of food imported from inland areas reliefed Tibet from the pressure of food production, and provided advantage for local planting forage grass. Based on household survey data, market research data and statistical data, with the improved conceptual model of the relationship between food consumption and arable land requirement from Gerbens-Leenes et al. (2002), the potentials of sparing arable land for planting forage grass were analyzed systematically in Lhasa, Xigaze and Shannan respectively (the YLN region in rural Tibet). The analysis results of food consumption structure related to arable land requirement showed that there was a low arable land requirement of farmer diet structure in rural Tibet, which indicated the huge potential for sparing land for forage. The arable land requirement per household of Lhasa, Xigaze and Shannan was 5 542.3, 7 400.1 and 5 521.7 m2 in 2010, respectively, and the potential for forage was 4 777.5, 2 977.3 and 2 054.4 m2, respectively, which accounted for 46.3%, 28.7% and 27.1% of arable land possessed per household in Lhasa, Xigaze and Shannan, respectively. However, considering the rapid growth of population and the adverse factors of fragile ecological environment to the agricultural production in rural Tibet, the government should differentially carry out structural adjustment of agriculture and animal husbandry step by step based on the situation of agricultural production and the development level of animal husbandry of different regions in the YLN region of Tibet (Lhasa, Xigaze and Shannan), increase the enthusiasm of farmers for planting forage grass with subsidies and other incentives, establish and improve the forage grass market for forage resources allocation, alleviate local contradiction between grass and livestock, and raise income of forage grass planting in rural Tibetan.
耕地需求 / 拉萨、日喀则、山南 / 西藏 / 食物消费 {{custom_keyword}} /
arable land requirement / Lhasa, Xigaze, Shannan / Tibet / food consumption {{custom_keyword}} /
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国家自然科学基金项目（71233007,41571496）; 中国科学院战略性先导科技专项（B类）（XDB03030000）; 西藏重大科技专项项目（Z2016C01G01/04）; 中国博士后科学基金项目（2016M601195）
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