Abstract: Based on the meteorological data and single cropping rice production at 25 meteorological stations spreading over the single cropping rice growing regions of Sichuan Province during 1981-2012, the sensitivity and vulnerability of single cropping rice yield to climatic factors and climate change were estimated by using the regression relationships between single cropping rice yield and related climatic variables. The results showed that the air temperature during the growing season of single cropping rice increased from 1981 to 2012, meanwhile the precipitation and solar radiation showed decreased. With 1 ℃ increase of air temperature, 1 ℃ increase of diurnal temperature range, 100 mm decrease of precipitation and 100 MJ/m² decrease of radiation, the yield of single cropping rice in many areas declined. The area vulnerable to temperature change is the largest, and that to the change of diurnal temperature range is the second largest. The responses of single cropping rice yield to climatic factors mainly occurred at the stages from heading to maturity and from transplanting to tillering. The single cropping rice yield at all observed stations are sensitive to the combined effects of the six climatic variables, but only 50% areas are vulnerable. About 43% of rice yield variation was caused by climate change in recent 30 years. There were great differences in the responses of single cropping rice yield to the climatic factors at different stations and different growth stages. Therefore, we need to avoid the negative impacts of climate change and make good use of favorable climatic resources during important rice growing periods based on local conditions, in order to ensure the rice production safety in Sichuan Province.