Abstract: The efficiency-oriented spatial arrangement of oil resource utilization caused signi-ficant mismatch of the locations of oil production and utilization in China. As the fundamental purpose of oil resources utilization is to promote the overall regional economics rather than to just pursuit the efficiency of resource utilization, this paper measures and compares the regional economic effects of the oil resources utilization in different areas based on input-output tables and two improved and comparable input-output coefficients, which are pulling multiplier and pushing multiplier of added value. The results show that: 1) the differentiation of regional economic effects of oil utilization is less than that of its direct economic effects, suggesting that the utilization of oil resources in each region has promoted the overall development of the regional economy through regional industrial chain; 2) the interactions between regional resource endowments, economic and technological level and the industrial structure are the main factors that impact the regional economic effect of oil resources utilization and its differentiation; in general, either the resource-based industrial structure or the deep-processing-based industrial structure has its advantages in the realization of regional eco-nomic effects of oil utilization, even the regional economic effects in the resource origins are to some extent superior to those in the consumption areas; 3) in the future, China should further improve the regionalization of resource allocation, strengthening the “U” shape distribution of the capacity and level of oil resource utilization among eastern, central and western regions; each region should focus on oil refining in major oil resource origins and oil import ports to take their resources and industrial advantages; besides, in order to take full use of existing oil transport routes and control the resources flow costs, the scale and capacity of oil resources utilization should gradually diminish from the major resource origins or import ports along the main oil transport routes.