自然资源学报 ›› 2015, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (12): 2120-2130.doi: 10.11849/zrzyxb.2015.12.013

• 资源研究方法 • 上一篇    下一篇

一种改进的灰水足迹计算方法

王丹阳1, 李景保1*, 叶亚亚1, 谭芬芳1, 2   

  1. 1. 湖南师范大学 资源与环境科学学院,长沙 410081;
    2. 长沙市环境科学研究所,长沙 410001
  • 收稿日期:2014-12-22 修回日期:2015-05-21 出版日期:2015-12-15 发布日期:2015-12-15
  • 作者简介:王丹阳(1990- ),男,山东泰安人,硕士,研究方向为水污染和水资源保护。E-mail:danyang 144@163.com *通信作者简介:李景保(1951- ),男,湖南郴州人,教授,研究方向为水循环及水资源保护。E-mail:lijingbao 1951@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(41571100); 湖南省重点学科建设项目(地理学)

An Improved Calculation Method of Grey Water Footprint

WANG Dan-yang, LI Jing-bao, YE Ya-ya, TAN Fen-fang   

  1. 1.College of Resources and Environmental Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China;
    2.Changsha Institute of Environmental Science, Changsha 410001, China
  • Received:2014-12-22 Revised:2015-05-21 Online:2015-12-15 Published:2015-12-15

摘要: 灰水足迹是为达到一定水质标准,将污染物稀释至该标准允许下最大浓度所需的水量。灰水足迹理论为定量评估水环境污染提供了新方法,但在实际计算中,由于未考虑对污染物的稀释实际由不同水体完成,且存在将污染物排放量大等同于产生的灰水足迹大的混淆,结果往往不够准确,也不能反映不同水体的污染程度。鉴于此,提出改进的灰水足迹计算方法,将污染物分解到不同水体,计算各水体的灰水足迹,再求和得到总灰水足迹,以湖南省为例进行实证分析。结果显示,近29 a来湖南省灰水足迹呈递增趋势,地表水与地下水灰水足迹之比约为7:3;地表水灰水足迹先后由氨氮和磷决定,地下水始终由磷决定;地表水环境荷载指数相对较低,环境状况优于地下水。

Abstract: Presented by Hoekstra in 2002, grey water footprint is a method which describes the pollution status in quantitative way. Grey water footprint is defined as the fresh water volume needed to dilute the pollutant to the maximum concentration allowed by relevant water quality standards. Although this theory provides a new way to assess the condition of water environment pollution, it has several problems when taken in practical application. Firstly, the traditional grey water footprint computation does not consider the fact that the pollutant is usually diluted by different water bodies, so the result figured out only shows the total grey water footprint but fails to reflect the pollution severities of different water bodies; secondly, equating massive discharge of pollutant with large grey water footprint can lead to an incorrect computing result of grey water footprint. On account of these reasons, an improved computing method of grey water footprint is hereby presented. The improved method is a two-step ap-proach, which takes into consideration the fact that the same pollutant can be diluted by several water bodies, and attaches much importance to different demands on different pollutants by water quality standard, thus it can distinguish the two concepts of large grey water footprint and massive discharge of pollutant. The improved method firstly divides the whole quantity of discharged pollutant into several different water bodies and calculates the grey water footprint of each water body based on the “maximal counts” principle, and then sums up the grey water footprints of different water bodies to get the final grey water footprint. The concept of water environment load index is also introduced, and it is defined as the ratio between grey water footprint value of certain water body and volume of that water body. The improved method can not only describe the distribution of certain pollutant in different water bodies such as river, lake, sea, reservoir and underground water, etc. and demonstrate the combination structure of pollutants in certain water body, but also reflect the pollution severities of different water bodies, so it makes the result more accurate. After empirical analysis of Hunan province with the improved grey water footprint, the following results are obtained: during the years 1985-2013, the grey water footprint increased from 133.0 billion to 224.8 billion cubic meters with a steady annual growth rate of 1.89%, and the grey water footprint of surface water accounted for 70%, while the underground water for 30% approximately. The grey water footprint of surface water was determined by ammonia nitrogen in 1985-1991 and by phosphorus in 1992-2013, while the grey water footprint of underground water was always determined by phosphorus in 1985-2013. During the 29 years, the environment load index of surface water was always lower than that of underground water, and the difference between the two varied from 0.41 to 1.03 then to 0.76 demonstrating an inverted U shape. It means that the environment condition of surface water was better than that of underground water during the research time period, and the gap firstly increased and then decreased.

中图分类号: 

  • X502