自然资源学报 ›› 2015, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (1): 106-114.doi: 10.11849/zrzyxb.2015.01.009

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近40 a来博斯腾湖水资源遥感动态监测与特征分析

朱长明1, 李均力2, 张新3, 骆剑承3   

  1. 1. 江苏师范大学城市与环境学院, 江苏徐州221116;
    2. 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所, 乌鲁木齐830011;
    3. 中国科学院遥感与数字地球研究所, 北京100101
  • 收稿日期:2013-12-02 修回日期:2014-03-19 出版日期:2015-01-20 发布日期:2015-01-20
  • 作者简介:朱长明(1983-),男,博士,安徽庐江人,助理研究员,主要从事遥感信息智能提取以及干旱区水文水资源研究等.E-mail:zhuchangming@jsnu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(41201460,41101041,41271367);水利部公益性行业科研专项经费项目(201201092);江苏师范大学博士基金项目(12XLR011).

BostenWater Resource Dynamic Detection and Feature Analysis in Recent 40 Years by Remote Sensing

ZHU Chang-ming1, LI Jun-li2, ZHANG Xin3, LUO Jian-cheng3   

  1. 1. Department of Geography and Environment, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China;
    2. Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, CAS, Urumqi 830011, China;
    3. Institute of Remote Sensing Applications, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
  • Received:2013-12-02 Revised:2014-03-19 Online:2015-01-20 Published:2015-01-20
  • Contact: 李均力(1980-),男,博士,副研究员,现主要从事遥感信息提取、湖泊变化、干旱区水平衡等研究.E-mail:lijl@ms.xjb.ac.cn E-mail:lijl@ms.xjb.ac.cn

摘要: 湖泊水资源变化记录了气候变化和人类活动对区域水文过程的影响,及时、准确地获取湖泊的水资源变化信息,对认识区域乃至全球环境演变具有重要的参考意义.文章通过多源遥感数据,宏观、动态地监测了近40 a 来博斯腾湖的面积、水位和库容等水文信息,分析了时间动态变化过程与演变特征.研究结果表明:在人类活动和全球变化的共同作用下博斯腾湖水资源总体呈现减少趋势,变化过程呈现波动性,依次可将整个变化过程可分为3 个阶段.①1972—1990 年,博斯腾湖处于萎缩阶段.这一阶段湖泊面积持续萎缩,水位持续下降,水量持续减少,1990 年最低水位1 045.32 m,湖泊面积为908.12 km2.②1990—2002 年,博斯腾湖处于显著扩张阶段.这一阶段湖泊经历了水位上升、面积增大和水量增多,其中2000 年达到了峰值,此时湖泊最大面积为1 210.68 km2,湖泊最高水位为1 048.5 m,湖泊蓄水量约为90×108 m3.③2002—2010 年,博斯腾湖处于持续萎缩阶段.博斯腾湖的水位、水量和面积呈现持续下降的趋势,2009 年湖泊水位较2002 年约下降了3.3 m,水资源总量减少了约38.56%.这一变化特征是一定时期内区域水资源补给平衡的结果,其变化原因既有气候波动的因素,也有人类活动的影响;但是在短期内,博斯腾湖水资源主要受到人类活动的影响.

Abstract: Lake is regarded as a"evaporating dish"in the arid area. It is an indicator and very sensitive to the regional eco-environmental change. The variation of lake water resources objectively records the process of regional hydrologic change effects by climate change and human activities. This reflected the water balance in a basin. So, timely and accurately get lake water resources change information (e.g. lake area, lake level and water volume) is very important for understanding regional and global environmental change. And that will be useful to regional water resources management, planning and policy development. To further understand the lake spatio-temporal changes process in arid area under the background of global warming, this paper selected the largest inland freshwater lake (the Bosten Lake) in arid China as study area, and used multi- source remote sensing data, macroscopically, dynamically and continuously monitored the Bosten Lake area, water level and capacity change information in recent 40 years. Firstly, through the Landsat and CBERS satellite imagery, we extracted the lake area information since 1972. And then, the lake level information was retrieved from the ICESat/ GLAS laser point data. Thirdly, the water volume is calculated by the water level and the lake basin DEM data. Fourthly, the Bosten Lake"area- level- volume"relationship model is constructed. Finally, through the"area-level-volume"relationship model, we digitally reconstructed the change process of the Bosten hydrologic information in the nearly 40 years. On that basis, we analyzed the characteristics of the Bosten hydrologic information spatio-temporal changes from the aspect of water level, lake area and water volume and explored the driving force of the lake water resource changes. The results show that: the change tendency of the Bosten Lake water resources is in diminishing on the whole. But different historical periods have different change characteristics. The whole change process can be divided into three stages. 1) The year 1972- 1990 is the Bosten Lake shrinking stage. In this stage, lake area shrank, water level dropped and water volume reduced steadily. In year 1990, the decreasing reached the bottom, the lowest water level is 1045.32 m and the minimum lake area is 908.12 km2. 2) The year 1990-2002 is the Bosten Lake significant expansion stage. In this stage, the Bosten Lake experienced water level rise, area expansion and the amount of lake water storage increased. In 2000, it reached the peak. The largest area is 1210.68 km2, the highest level is 1048.5 m, the biggest water storage is about 90×108 m3. 3) The year 2002-2010 is the Bosten Lake shrinking stage. Since 2002, the lake area, water level and water storage present continuous downward trend. Compared with 2002 and 2009, the lake water level declined 3.3 m and water quantity reduced 38.56%. That is the result of supply balance of regional water resources. The driving force of lake resource changes is not only climate fluctuations, but also human activities. In the short term, human activities are the mainly affecting factors of the Bosten water resource change. And the human activities interference is growing.

中图分类号: 

  • P343.3