农业灌溉用水效率及其影响因素实证分析——基于随机前沿生产函数和新疆棉农调研数据

doi:10.11849/zrzyxb.2014.06.003

自然资源学报 ›› 2014, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (6): 934-943.doi: 10.11849/zrzyxb.2014.06.003

农业灌溉用水效率及其影响因素实证分析——基于随机前沿生产函数和新疆棉农调研数据

耿献辉^1,3, 张晓恒^1,3, 宋玉兰²

1. 南京农业大学经济管理学院, 南京 210095;
2. 新疆农业大学经济贸易学院, 乌鲁木齐 830025;
3. 江苏农业现代化决策咨询研究基地, 南京 210095

收稿日期:2013-04-12 修回日期:2013-09-02 发布日期:2014-06-24
通讯作者: 宋玉兰（1979-），女，山西运城人，副教授，博士，研究方向为农业经济管理。E-mail：21cn_my_love@sina.com E-mail:21cn_my_love@sina.com
作者简介:耿献辉（1978-），男，河北保定人，副教授，博士，主要研究方向为农产品流通。E-mail：gengxh@njau.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金青年项目“基于生产要素配置视角的中国棉花生产增长路径选择研究”（71203191）；国家自然科学基金青年项目“中国涉农产业的投入产出分析——基于国际比较视角”（71003050）。

Measurement of Irrigation Water Efficiency and Analysis of Influential Factors：An Empirical Study Based on Stochastic Production Frontier and Cotton Farmers’ Data in Xinjiang

GENG Xian-hui^1,3, ZHANG Xiao-heng^1,3, SONG Yu-lan²

1. College of Economics and Management, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
2. College of Economics & Trade, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830095, China;
3. Jiangsu Policy-Making Research Center for Agricultural Modernization, Nanjing 210095, China

Received:2013-04-12 Revised:2013-09-02 Published:2014-06-24

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

水资源是21 世纪的战略资源，提高农业部门水资源利用效率是水资源严重短缺的中国可持续发展的必然要求。论文利用“一步法”随机前沿生产函数模型评估了新疆地区806 户棉农的棉花生产技术效率及其影响因素，在此基础上采用单要素效率测算方法，借助Tobit 模型，考察棉花灌溉用水效率分布及其影响因素。研究结果表明：①新疆地区棉花技术效率与灌溉用水效率分别为0.85 和0.74，并且两种效率之间具有较高的相关性；②汉族农户以及采用滴灌技术和兵团经营方式的农户具有更高的技术效率与灌溉用水效率，而采用套种方式的农户两种效率较低；③棉花技术培训、每块土地规模的扩大有利于农户技术效率与灌溉用水效率的提高；④灌溉用水价格的提高有利于灌溉用水效率的提高。

关键词: 随机前沿生产函数, 棉花, 技术效率, Tobit模型, 灌溉用水效率

Abstract:

Water is the strategic resource of the 21st century. Improving the water use efficiency is essential for China's sustainable development. In this paper, a stochastic production frontier approach was used to measure 806 cotton farmers' technical efficiency and irrigation water efficiency in Xinjiang, China. The methodology is based on Battese and Coelli's "one-step" inefficiency effect model and Reinhard's single factor efficiency calculation method. A Tobit model was used as well to identify efficiencies' influencing factors. The results showed that technical efficiency and irrigation water efficiency were 0.85 and 0.74 respectively. Their correlation relationship was positive and strong. The technical efficiency and irrigation water efficiency of the Han nationality were 57.64%, 42.37% higher than other ethnic groups, which means relevant policies should be inclined to ethnic minority area. The technical and irrigation water efficiency of farmers who participated in cotton technical training was 10.37% and 4.88% higher respectively than those not being trained. Drip irrigation technology could significantly improve technical efficiency and irrigation water efficiency. It played an important role in enhancing technical efficiency and irrigation water efficiency in Xinjiang. Last but not least, crops operating mode as well as the scale of land was conducive to improve both farmers'technical efficiency and irrigation water efficiency. Hence, the farmers were advised to learn their advanced ideas about scale management. What's more, the higher the price, the higher the irrigation water efficiency was. In contrast, the inter-planting practice, which was widely used by farmers, decreased their technical efficiency and irrigation efficiency by 11.8% and 12.8%.

Key words: stochastic production frontier, cotton, technical efficiency, Tobit model, irrigation water efficiency

中图分类号:

F303.1

耿献辉, 张晓恒, 宋玉兰. 农业灌溉用水效率及其影响因素实证分析——基于随机前沿生产函数和新疆棉农调研数据[J]. 自然资源学报, 2014, 29(6): 934-943.

GENG Xian-hui, ZHANG Xiao-heng, SONG Yu-lan. Measurement of Irrigation Water Efficiency and Analysis of Influential Factors：An Empirical Study Based on Stochastic Production Frontier and Cotton Farmers’ Data in Xinjiang[J]. JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES, 2014, 29(6): 934-943.

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农业灌溉用水效率及其影响因素实证分析——基于随机前沿生产函数和新疆棉农调研数据

Measurement of Irrigation Water Efficiency and Analysis of Influential Factors：An Empirical Study Based on Stochastic Production Frontier and Cotton Farmers’ Data in Xinjiang

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