自然资源学报 ›› 2011, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (12): 2155-2166.doi: 10.11849/zrzyxb.2011.12.014

• 专题论坛 • 上一篇    下一篇

作物产量差及其形成原因综述

范兰1,2, 吕昌河1, 陈朝1,2   

  1. 1. 中国科学院 地理科学与资源研究所,北京 100101;
    2. 中国科学院 研究生院,北京 100049
  • 收稿日期:2011-02-18 修回日期:2011-07-18 出版日期:2011-12-20 发布日期:2011-12-20
  • 通讯作者: 吕昌河(1962- ),男,研究员,主要研究土地资源与土地利用、退化土地恢复、农业系统分析等。E-mail: luch@igsnrr.ac.cn E-mail:luch@igsnrr.ac.cn
  • 作者简介:范兰(1985- ),女,博士生,研究方向为土地利用/土地覆被变化、粮食产量与食物安全。E-mail:fanl.09b@igsnrr.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金(41071063)。

A Review on Crop Yield Gaps and the Causes

FAN Lan1,2, Lü Chang-he1, CHEN Zhao1,2   

  1. 1. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China;
    2. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
  • Received:2011-02-18 Revised:2011-07-18 Online:2011-12-20 Published:2011-12-20

摘要: 作物产量差是现实产量与潜在产量的差距。产量差研究意在揭示作物产量差的幅度与地域差异、形成原因以及缩小产量差的措施。产量差意味着农业发展的机会,因此,分析和研究产量差对提高作物产量、保障粮食安全意义重大。论文通过文献综述,首先讨论了产量差的定义,在此基础上,总结了世界和我国主要作物的产量差,分析了产量差的影响因素与缩小产量差的措施。最后讨论了目前产量差研究中存在的问题与不足,提出了产量差应重点关注的问题。

关键词: 自然地理学, 粮食安全, 产量差, 产量限制因子

Abstract: Yield gap is the difference between actual yield and potential yield of a crop. Research on yield gap is to survey the magnitude and regional variation of crop yield gaps, analyze the causes and seek measures to narrow or close the gap. Yield gap means the chance for agricultural development. Understanding the magnitude of yield gap and potential to increase crop yield is of great importance for improving food production to meet the growing food demand. This paper firstly discussed the definition and methods of yield gap, and then presented yield gaps of wheat, maize, rice and soybean in the world and in China by literature study. Followed in third section, the factors and their contribution to the yield gap were identified, including meteorological hazards, crop species, water and nutrients, disease, pest and weeds, soil and crop management, and agro-technologies, as well as economic and policy factors. Finally, future research focuses of yield gaps were discussed.

Key words: physical geography, food security, yield gap, yield restriction factors

中图分类号: 

  • F326.1