流域管理是国际上比较普遍采用的水资源管理方法。我国2002年的水法从法律角度确定了流域管理的法律地位。出于区域开发要求或水资源压力而成立的流域管理机构,可选择水资源理事会、流域委员会和流域管理局的形式,其职能可能包括数据收集和处理、规划、资源和环境管理、运行与维护、监督等职能。但在不同社会经济发展水平和政治体制下,特别是不同的水资源问题下,流域管理机构设置仍然有较大的差别。即使如此,高效的流域管理机构必须职能清晰。我国流域间差异大,流域水资源问题多样,在区域管理较强的传统下,流域管理机构需要协调与区域管理的关系,清晰职能,进行内部机构改革,以逐步建立符合我国国情、权利和责任统一、高效的流域管理机构。

Riverbasin management is a popular way to manage water resource s all over the world.The2002Water Law defines the China’s institution of com bination of riverbasin manage-ment and jurisdictional management.The developm ent of riverbasin management organizations(RMO)is out of riverbasin/region development requirements or resources pressures.These RMOs are grouped into three types:water resources council,riverbasin commission and riverbasin water authority,with functions of data collection and processing,planning,resource management and en-vironmental management,operation and maintenance,and moni toring.However,under different so-cial and economic development circumstanc es,particularly different water resources issues,the setting of RMOs may var y significantly.But for an effective and efficient RMO,it must have a clear definition of functions and roles.China is a country with riverbasins in natura l and econom-ic varieties,and various water issues under traditional strong ju risdictional management.In devel-oping its RMOs,it should coordinate the func tions and roles between jurisdictional management agencies,clarify the RMO fun ctions,and reform current internal structure in current RMOs.