自然资源学报

自然资源学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (11): 1886-1896.doi: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20171137

• 资源生态 • 上一篇    下一篇

城市食物代谢的动态过程及其水-碳足迹响应——以北京市为例

熊欣1, 张力小1,*, 张鹏鹏1, 郝岩1, 常远2, 王灿3   

  1. 1.北京师范大学环境学院水环境模拟国家重点实验室,北京 100875;
    2.中央财经大学管理科学与工程学院,北京 100081;
    3.清华大学环境学院,北京 100084
  • 收稿日期:2017-10-27 出版日期:2018-11-20 发布日期:2018-11-20
  • 通讯作者: 张力小（1977- ）男,山东临沂人,博士,教授,主要从事城市生态系统分析与协同管理研究。E-mail: zhanglixiao@bnu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:熊欣（1994- ）,女,四川渠县人,硕士,主要研究城市食物代谢及其环境效应。E-mail: xiongxin@mail.bnu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划（2017YFC0505703）; 国家自然科学基金国际（地区）合作与交流项目（51661125010）; 环境模拟与污染控制国家重点实验室联合基金课题专项经费

Dynamics of Urban Food Metabolism with Water-Carbon Footprint Respond: A Case Study of Beijing

XIONG Xin1, ZHANG Li-xiao1, ZHANG Peng-peng1, HAO Yan1, CHANG Yuan2, WANG Can3   

  1. 1.State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;
    2.School of Management Science and Engineering, Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing 100081, China;
    3.School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
  • Received:2017-10-27 Online:2018-11-20 Published:2018-11-20
  • Supported by:
    National Key R ɭ Program of China, No. 2017YFC0505703; Funds for International Cooperation and Exchanges of the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 51661125010; Joint Fund Project of State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation

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摘要： 食物代谢是城市物质能量代谢的基础性过程之一。论文系统分析了1978—2015年北京市城市食物代谢通量、结构和效率的动态变化过程,并核算其水-碳足迹,提出优化城市食物代谢的有效途径。结果表明： 1）2015年北京市食物代谢通量为881.4万t,比1978年增加了3.3倍,其中植物源食物增加了2.5倍,动物源食物增加了12.0倍,由此引发的水-碳足迹分别增加了6.1倍和4.4倍; 2）北京市食物代谢的通量结构和水-碳足迹结构均呈现出主食为主转向主副食替代、植物源食物为主转向动植物源食物并重的演变特征; 3）“过度饮食”特别是高比例肉类消费,不但影响了城市居民健康水平,也显著扩大了城市人均环境足迹,导致食物代谢的生态效率指标从1.27降低至0.32; 4）降低城市食物代谢的足迹影响需要优化产业链供应,倡导绿色健康消费模式。

关键词: 城市代谢, 环境足迹, 食物代谢, 资源负荷

Abstract: Food metabolism is one of the basic processes of urban metabolism. Continuously growing urban population drives sharply increasing food demand with related impacts. Aimed at providing adequate information about dynamic process of urban food metabolism and related environmental footprint to identify measures for future diet optimization and impact reduction, this study systematically analyzed the dynamic characteristics of urban food metabolism on metabolic flux, structure and efficiency during 1978-2015 based on a case study of Beijing. Life cycle assessment (LCA) approach was used to calculate water-carbon footprint caused by food consumption, and an eco-efficiency index E was constructed to evaluate the efficiency of food metabolism in Beijing. At last, this study explored several effective ways to optimize urban food metabolism. The results indicated that: 1) In 2015, the urban food metabolic flux was 881.4×104 t in Beijing, which increased 3.3 times compared with the one in 1978, while water footprint and carbon footprint increased 6.1 times and 4.4 times respectively. 2) The structure of both metabolic flux and environmental footprint presented the evolution characteristics of shifting from staple food as main food to non-staple food as main food and from plant-derived food dominated diet to diet with equal importance of plant-derived food and animal-derived food. 3) The over-consumption diets, especially high proportion of meat consumption, not only affected the health status of urban inhabitants in Beijing, but also pushed tempestuously per capita environmental footprint of urban inhabitants into a high level, resulting in the eco-efficiency’s decreasing from 1.27 to 0.32. 4) Alleviating the environmental footprint impacts of urban food metabolism should be based on the following aspects: optimizing the industrial supply chain; sparkplugging healthy diet habits and sustainable consumption patterns.

Key words: environmental footprint, food metabolism, resource loading, urban metabolism

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