自然资源学报

自然资源学报 ›› 2013, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (1): 104-113.doi: 10.11849/zrzyxb.2013.01.011

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我国典型农区耕地承载畜禽容量对比分析

武兰芳1, 欧阳竹1, 谢小立2   

  1. 1. 中国科学院 地理科学与资源研究所, 生态系统网络观测与模拟重点实验室禹城试验站, 北京100101;
    2. 中国科学院 亚热带农业生态研究所,长沙415025
  • 收稿日期:2011-03-08 修回日期:2012-05-23 出版日期:2013-01-20 发布日期:2013-01-19
  • 作者简介:武兰芳(1963-),女,博士,副研究员,中国自然资源学会会员(S300001171M),主要从事区域农业可持续评价、农田生态及生产力形成相关方面的研究。E-mail:wulf@igsnrr.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:

    中国科学院重要方向性项目(KSCX2-YW-N-022)。

Carrying Capacity of Livestock in Cropland of Two Typical Regions Dominated by Agriculture in China

WU Lan-fang1, OUYANG Zhu1, XIE Xiao-li2   

  1. 1. Yucheng Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China;
    2. Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, CAS, Changsha 410125, China
  • Received:2011-03-08 Revised:2012-05-23 Online:2013-01-20 Published:2013-01-19

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被引次数

26 | 7

摘要：

根据农田养分平衡理论,对我国南北两个县级区域山东禹城和湖南桃源的耕地承载畜禽容量和负载指数进行了对比分析。 基于农田N收支情景分析表明:当农田施用粪便N分别占到总投入N的30%、60%和100%时,山东禹城耕地承载畜禽容量分别为4.1、8.3和13.8 LU·hm-2,相应负载指数分别是2.2、1.1和0.7,湖南桃源耕地承载畜禽容量分别是4.4、8.7和14.6 LU·hm-2,相应负载指数分别是1.4、0.7和0.4;基于农田N收支的耕地畜禽容量呈现为禹城略低于桃源,负载指数呈现为禹城显著高于桃源。基于农田P收支情景分析表明:当农田施用粪便P2O5分别占总施入P2O5的30%、60%和100%时,山东禹城耕地承载畜禽容量分别为6.7、13.5和22.5 LU·hm-2,相应的耕地畜禽承载指数分别是1.3、0.7和0.4,湖南桃源耕地承载畜禽容量分别是2.5、5.1和8.5 LU·hm-2,相应的负载指数分别是2.4、1.2和0.7,基于农田P收支的耕地畜禽容量呈现为禹城显著高于桃源,负载指数为禹城低于桃源。可见,禹城基于农田N收支的耕地承载畜禽容量显著低于基于农田P收支的耕地承载畜禽容量,桃源正好与禹城相反。因此,今后在制定减少农田环境污染对策时,禹城应首先考虑农田N收支及粪便N的有效管理与利用;桃源则应首先考虑农田P收支及粪便P的有效管理与利用,并且因为区域内乡镇之间存在较大差异,还应在乡镇之间进行协调平衡。

关键词: 畜禽养殖容量, 耕地负载指数, 山东禹城, 湖南桃源

Abstract:

According to the nutrients demand and available loss of current cropping system, livestock density under environmental capacity in two different areas, i.e., Yucheng County in Shandong Province and Taoyuan County in Hunan Province, was analyzed on the basis of nutrition budget of cropland by different input scenarios of manure N and manure P2O5. When the input of manure N accounted for 30%, 60% and 100% of total input of N in cropland, the carrying capacities of livestock in the farmland of Yucheng are 4.1 LU·hm-2, 8.3 LU·hm-2, 13.8 LU·hm-2 and the corresponding load indexes of the farmland are 2.2, 1.1, 0.7; and those in the farmland of Taoyuan are 4.4 LU·hm-2, 8.7 LU·hm-2, 14.6 LU·hm-2 and 1.4, 0.7, 0.4 respectively. When the input of manure P2O5 accounted for 30%, 60% and 100%of total input of P2O5 in cropland, the carrying capacities of livestock in the farmland of Yucheng are 6.7 LU·hm-2, 13.5 LU·hm-2, 22.5 LU·hm-2 and the corresponding load indexes of the farmland are 1.3, 0.7, 0.4. Those in the farmland of Taoyuan are 2.5 LU·hm-2, 5.1 LU·hm-2, 8.5 LU·hm-2 and 2.4, 1.2, 0.7 respectively. The results show that the carrying capacity of livestock in farmland of Yucheng depending on nitrogen budget is smaller than depending on phosphorus budget and the load index by nitrogen budget is higher than by phosphorus budget, and that of Taoyuan are opposite with Yucheng. Furthermore, the obvious differences existed among townships within the two areas. Therefore, to prevent regional environment from livestock manure related pollution the livestock density and the quantity of manure should be restricted based on the assimilative capacity of cropland to nutrition. Nitrogen balance in Yucheng and phosphorus balance in Taoyuan should be paid special attention to separately; and the livestock and manure should be distributed evenly within each region.

Key words: carrying capacity of livestock, loading index of cropland, Yucheng County, Shandong Province, Taoyuan County, Hunan Province

中图分类号: 

  • X26