自然资源学报

自然资源学报 ›› 2011, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (6): 1012-1020.doi: 10.11849/zrzyxb.2011.06.012

• 资源评价 • 上一篇    下一篇

土地利用及不透水地表对河流流量的影响

田迪1,2, 李叙勇1,3, DonaldE.Weller3, 白中科2   

  1. 1. 中国科学院 生态环境研究中心 城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,北京 100085;
    2. 中国地质大学 土地科学技术学院,北京 10008;
    3. 美国史密森尼环境研究中心,美国 马里兰 21037-0028
  • 收稿日期:2010-05-21 修回日期:2010-11-27 出版日期:2011-06-20 发布日期:2011-06-20
  • 通讯作者: 李叙勇,研究员,博士生导师,主要从事流域生态模型与管理方面的研究。E-mail:xyli@mail.rcees.ac.cn E-mail:xyli@mail.rcees.ac.cn
  • 作者简介:田迪(1983- ),男,陕西泾阳人,硕士,中国自然资源学会会员(S300000964M),主要从事土地利用变化的水文影响方面的研究。E-mail:tianlandi@gmail.com
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金面上项目(41071323,40971271);美国国家大气与海洋管理局海岸与海湾环境技术合作研究所环境技术开发计划(NOAA-CICEET, #NA06NOS4190167);城市与区域国家重点实验室自主项目(SKLURE2008-1-05)。

Impacts of Land Use and Impervious Surface on Stream Flow Metrics in Chesapeake Bay Watershed

TIAN Di1,2, LI Xu-yong1,3, Donald E. WELLER3, BAI Zhong-ke2   

  1. 1. State Key Laboratory of Urban & Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, CAS, Beijing 100085, China;
    2. School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 10008;
    3. Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Maryland 21037-0028, USA
  • Received:2010-05-21 Revised:2010-11-27 Online:2011-06-20 Published:2011-06-20

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被引次数

15 | 2

摘要： 利用美国地质调查局的逐日连续流量数据计算了美国切斯比克湾地区150个小流域的34个河流流量指标,并在整个区域和划分的3个自然地理区对选择的17个指标与4种土地利用类型和不透水地表做了相关分析。结果表明,森林在降水较少的冬春两季增加流量,雨量较高的秋季减少流量,森林面积比例的增加可以削减洪峰、延长洪峰历时、稳定流量变化。农业用地比例的增加表现为稳定流量变化,延长洪峰历时,在高原地区还可以削减洪峰流量。草地比例的提高均表现为削减洪峰流量,稳定流量变化,延长洪峰历时。随着不透水地表面积增加,洪峰流量、雨季、汛期和年流量增加,流量变化加剧,洪峰历时减少,不同地理区对不透水地表的水文响应也有所不同。

关键词: 土地利用, 不透水地表, 流量指标, 水文响应

Abstract: Using daily discharge data from the US Geological Survey, we calculated 34 stream flow metrics for 150 watersheds (area<282 km2) within the Chesapeake Bay basin, and selected 17 of the metrics. We quantified the proportions of forest, agriculture, grassland, developed land, and impervious surface in each watershed. For each of the three physiographic provinces, we correlated the flow metrics with the land cover proportions to elucidate how different land cover types affect the flow regime. Higher proportions of forest increased stream flow in relatively dry winters or springs and reduced stream flow in comparatively rainy autumns. Higher forest proportions also reduced flooding, prolonged pulses of higher flow, and reduced flow variability. Higher proportions of agriculture reduced flow variability and prolonged pulses of higher flow in all physiographic provinces and reduced flooding in the highland physiographic provinces. Higher grassland proportions reduced flooding and flow variability and prolonged high flow pulses in all provinces. Higher proportions of developed land and impervious surface reduced infiltration, increased flooding and flow during high rainfall periods, intensified flow variability, and shortened high flow pulses; there are different hydrologic effects in different urbanized areas.

Key words: land use, impervious surface, flow metrics, hydrologic response

中图分类号: 

  • P333.5