入境旅游流空间格局演化及大都市旅游高质量发展——以上海市为例

doi:10.31497/zrzyxb.20221210

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

入境旅游是大都市国际化发展的重要指标，是相关研究的重点领域。通过对上海市入境旅游数字足迹大样本数据信息挖掘与分析，探索大都市入境旅游流空间格局与演化特征，分析都市旅游资源高质量开发与发展的路径及对策。研究结果表明：（1）上海市入境旅游流总体上呈现高中心集聚，空间密度由核心向外围逐次递减分布。在主城区围绕CBD/RBD、核心吸引物、文体场馆、特色街区及交通枢纽集聚，并绵延成片；在外围区围绕旅游吸引物集聚，呈“小集聚，大分散”的分布特征。（2）跨区域模式是入境旅游流的主要空间行为轨迹模式，呈现由中心向外围放射的中心扩散主导特征。（3）入境旅游流整体网络核心与边缘节点间的等级及联接程度差异大，但随着时间的推移，网络规模不断扩大，网络结构呈现持续优化与均衡发展的态势。（4）新世界、田子坊等文创旅游节点在整体网络结构中的等级和中心性持续提升，世博遗产的中华艺术宫对网络结构影响显著，集聚扩散功能日益增强。（5）依托地域文化资源进行创意开发并形成有效集聚；充分利用大事件影响，进行主题开发，整合边缘节点与区域资源，打造网络增长新空间；强化公共体系建设，联动核心边缘节点等，是推动区域旅游高质量发展的有效路径与策略。研究可为大都市旅游空间格局优化、重大事件旅游开发与高质量发展提供理论指导和实践借鉴。

关键词: 入境旅游流, 空间结构, 格局演化, 旅游资源, 高质量发展

Abstract:

Inbound tourism is an important indicator of the international development of a metropolis as well as a focus of related research. Modern means are used to explore the spatial pattern and evolution of inbound tourism flows, and analyze the path and countermeasures of high-quality development and utilization of urban tourism resources by mining the digital footprint information of large samples of inbound tourism in Shanghai. It is found that: (1) The inbound tourism flows in Shanghai generally present a high concentration of centers, and the spatial density is decreasing from the core to the periphery. In the main urban areas, the inbound tourism flows cluster around CBD/RBD, core attractions, cultural and sports venues, distinctive neighborhoods and transport hubs, and stretch into patches; in the peripheral areas, they cluster around tourism attractions, with a distribution characterized by "small clustering and large dispersion". (2) The cross-regional pattern is the main spatial behavioral trajectory of inbound tourism flows in Shanghai, showing a central diffusion dominant characteristic radiating from the centre to the periphery. (3) The core and peripheral nodes of the overall network of inbound tourism flows vary greatly in terms of rank and connectivity, but over time, the scale of the network continues to expand and the structure of the network shows a continuous optimization and balanced development. (4) The rank and centrality of cultural and creative tourism nodes such as New World and Tianzifang continue to increase in the network structure, and the Expo heritage Chinese Art Palace has a significant impact on the network structure, with increasing agglomeration and diffusion functions. (5) Based on the analysis above, the paths and countermeasures are proposed for creative development and forming effective clusters relying on regional cultural resources; making full use of the influence of major events for thematic development, integrating edge nodes and regional resources to create new spaces for network growth; and strengthening the construction of public systems and linking core-edge nodes to promote the high-quality development of regional tourism. The study can provide theoretical guidance for the high-quality development of urban tourism, and give reference for the high-quality development of tourism in similar major events such as the Winter Olympics.

Key words: inbound tourism flows, spatial structure, pattern evolution, tourism resources, high-quality development

王朝辉, 乔浩浩, 张姗姗, 高杨. 入境旅游流空间格局演化及大都市旅游高质量发展——以上海市为例[J]. 自然资源学报, 2022, 37(12): 3167-3182.

WANG Chao-hui, QIAO Hao-hao, ZHANG Shan-shan, GAO Yang. Evolution of spatial pattern of inbound tourism flows and enlightenment of high-quality development of metropolitan tourism: A case stady of Shanghai[J]. JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES, 2022, 37(12): 3167-3182.

图/表 10

图1

图2

图3

表1

上海入境旅游流网络节点结构指标

旅游节点	程度中心性		接近中心性		中介中心性	节点等级特征
旅游节点	外向	内向	外向	内向	中介中心性	节点等级特征
外滩	26	21	8.171	15.970	21.981	核心旅游吸引物
豫园	18	18	8.124	15.489	7.930	核心旅游吸引物
人民广场	17	20	8.155	15.441	12.887	核心旅游吸引物
南京路	14	18	8.124	15.273	6.014	核心旅游吸引物
中华艺术宫	13	6	7.910	15.217	3.379	核心旅游吸引物
陆家嘴	11	11	8.015	15.000	1.193	核心旅游吸引物
金茂大厦	11	13	8.046	15.108	4.144	核心旅游吸引物
东方明珠	11	13	8.046	15.054	4.276	核心旅游吸引物
黄浦江	11	10	8.000	15.054	4.199	核心旅游吸引物
静安寺	10	9	7.955	15.000	1.455	核心旅游吸引物
新天地	10	2	7.940	14.789	1.059	核心旅游吸引物
浦东机场	7	8	7.807	14.789	0.059	一般旅游吸引物
玉佛寺	7	7	7.910	18.557	0.265	一般旅游吸引物
环球金融中心	6	7	7.940	14.583	0.403	一般旅游吸引物
老城厢	6	8	7.925	14.737	0.916	一般旅游吸引物
城隍庙	5	3	7.850	14.286	0.315	一般旅游吸引物
朱家角	5	4	7.850	14.634	0.075	一般旅游吸引物
田子坊	4	6	7.880	14.286	0.045	一般旅游吸引物
徐家汇	4	9	7.636	14.094	0.072	一般旅游吸引物
法租界	4	1	7.706	14.286	0.085	一般旅游吸引物
滨江公园	3	1	7.865	14.094	0.020	一般旅游吸引物
虹桥枢纽	3	2	7.706	14.433	0.078	一般旅游吸引物
丝绸博物馆	2	4	7.650	14.000	0	一般旅游吸引物
七浦	2	1	7.735	14.000	0	边缘旅游吸引物
M50创意园	2	2	7.721	13.907	0	边缘旅游吸引物
1933老场坊	2	0	8.502	2.306	0	边缘旅游吸引物
世纪公园	1	0	8.468	2.326	0	边缘旅游吸引物
外白渡桥	1	2	7.807	13.376	0	边缘旅游吸引物
龙华寺	1	3	2.326	15.441	0	边缘旅游吸引物
动物园	1	0	7.721	14.141	0	边缘旅游吸引物
七宝	1	0	8.400	2.326	0	边缘旅游吸引物
水族馆	1	0	8.350	2.326	0	边缘旅游吸引物
植物园	0	1	8.350	2.326	0	边缘旅游吸引物
龙华旅游城	0	1	2.326	15.789	0	边缘旅游吸引物
摩西会馆	0	1	8.171	2.326	0	边缘旅游吸引物
上海马戏城	0	1	2.326	16.279	0	边缘旅游吸引物
中山公园	0	1	2.326	16.279	0	边缘旅游吸引物
城市发展历史陈列馆	0	1	8.219	2.326	0	边缘旅游吸引物
迪士尼	0	3	2.326	15.498	0	边缘旅游吸引物
南浦大桥	0	1	8.333	2.326	0	边缘旅游吸引物
上海科技馆	0	4	8.219	2.326	0	边缘旅游吸引物
交通科技馆	0	1	8.350	2.326	0	边缘旅游吸引物
体育场	0	2	8.333	2.326	0	边缘旅游吸引物
均值	5.116	5.116	7.256	11.731	1.648	—
标准差	5.946	5.739	2.002	5.642	4.088	—
总和	220	220	316.52	532.817	70.85	—
中心势/%	50.907	38.719	—	—	20.98	—

表1

表2

图4

图5

图6

表3

上海市入境旅游三个阶段网络中心度指数

旅游节点	程度中心性						接近中心性						中介中心性
旅游节点	外向			内向			外向			内向			中介中心性
外滩	13	15	8	9	15	12	4.76	30.25	18.98	5.79	30.78	15.30	19.56	13.20	17.14
人民广场	6	8	6	11	13	7	4.70	20.17	17.82	5.63	29.63	15.18	11.56	7.05	6.86
豫园	8	10	7	6	11	4	4.71	28.78	18.06	5.74	28.57	15.13	9.85	5.49	10.63
南京路	3	5	7	7	7	4	4.68	27.78	17.90	5.73	28.17	15.02	6.19	2.25	5.57
东方明珠	2	7	6	8	8	3	4.68	27.40	17.75	5.77	28.40	14.29	6.54	0.44	1.34
黄浦江	3	10	3	5	7	5	4.68	27.40	18.06	5.70	27.40	15.07	3.51	2.36	9.78
金茂大厦	3	10	4	4	5	3	4.68	27.97	17.37	5.68	27.40	14.91	2.53	0.57	3.27
中华艺术宫	—	6	3	—	4	5	—	27.21	17.90	—	26.49	14.31	—	2.16	3.15
静安寺	2	1	1	3	2	1	5.69	25.81	17.67	4.61	26.85	14..12	5.96	0.00	2.12
陆家嘴	5	4	4	1	7	0	5.62	27.78	17.67	4.70	27.59	14.49	3.18	1.28	4.14
新天地	1	3	1	2	2	1	5.64	26.32	16.6	4.67	27.21	14.96	0.76	1.41	3.97
老城厢	1	1	0	4	3	1	5.70	26.14	17.37	4.60	26.32	15.75	1.79	0.00	2.30
环球金融中心	—	5	1	—	5	3	—	26.67	17.08	—	26.14	14.75	—	0.80	2.4
城隍庙	1	1	0	2	3	1	5.66	26.64	15.83	4.63	25.64	14.64	0.04	0.13	0.81
玉佛寺	2	1	0	0	0	0	4.24	25.32	16.08	2.86	25.64	14.19	1.66	0.00	0.18
法租界	0	0	0	0	1	2	2.86	25.48	17.08	2.86	26.49	14.44	0.31	0.00	1.70
虹桥枢纽	1	2	2	0	0	1	4.86	25.32	16.94	2.86	25.16	14.24	0.02	0.00	1.13
徐家汇	0	1	0	0	0	1	2.86	24.69	15.65	2.86	24.24	14.19	0.14	0.00	2.21
朱家角	0	2	2	0	0	2	2.86	26.14	16.80	2.86	25.81	14.09	0.39	0.00	0.32
浦东机场	1	3	2	0	1	1	4.90	25.14	17.23	2.86	26.14	13.85	0.36	0.00	0.64
田子坊	0	0	2	0	1	2	2.86	25.97	17.83	2.86	25.97	14.44	0.57	0.00	3.18
滨江公园	0	0	1	1	1	1	2.86	24.54	16.14	5.78	26.31	14.49	0.00	0.00	0.21
丝绸博物馆	0	2	0	0	0	0	2.86	25.64	15.65	2.86	25.32	14.04	2.63	0.00	0.41
七浦	1	1	0	0	0	0	4.82	23.12	13.85	2.86	24.54	14.34	0.46	0.00	0.22
M50创意园	—	0	1	—	0	0	—	23.95	15.89	—	25.97	14.44	—	0.00	0.32
1933老场坊	0	0	0	0	0	3	2.86	24.69	15.65	2.86	24.24	14.29	0.00	0.00	0.38
七宝	1	0	0	2	0	0	4.60	23.12	16.27	5.85	25.16	13.35	2.04	0.00	0.07
世纪公园	0	0	1	0	2	0	2.86	23.53	16.94	2.86	26.14	13.53	1.31	0.00	0.51
外白渡桥	1	0	0	0	0	1	4.82	23.67	2.38	2.86	24.84	19.71	0.00	0.00	0.00
龙华寺	1	0	0	0	0	0	4.82	23.44	15.77	2.86	28.84	14.09	0.12	0.00	0.04
动物园	0	0	0	0	0	0	2.86	24.54	19.34	2.86	25.16	13.18	0.70	0.00	0.00
体育场	0	1	0	0	0	0	2.86	23.67	14.59	2.86	25.81	13.53	0.00	0.00	0.06
水族馆	—	0	0	—	0	1	—	22.35	15.77	—	22.60	13.99	—	0.00	0.25
植物园	0	0	0	1	0	0	2.86	24.54	19.34	5.95	22.75	2.38	0.00	0.00	0.00
摩西会馆	0	0	1	0	1	0	2.86	22.99	16.67	2.86	26.14	13.95	0.00	0.00	0.07
城市发展历史陈列馆	0	0	1	1	0	0	2.86	23.44	15.77	2.86	25.64	14.09	0.00	0.00	0.00
交通科技馆	0	0	0	0	0	0	2.86	24.69	2.38	2.86	23.95	15.95	0.00	0.00	0.00
中山公园	0	1	0	0	0	0	4.82	24.48	18.22	2.68	22.44	2.38	0.00	0.00	0.00
迪士尼	—	—	3	—	—	0	—	—	17.52	—	—	14.75	—	—	6.50
南浦大桥	0	0	0	0	1	0	—	—	2.44	—	—	16.02	0.00	0.00	0.04
上海科技馆	0	0	0	0	0	0	2.68	25.48	2.38	2.68	24.09	15.16	0.00	0.00	0.00
龙华旅游城	0	0	0	0	0	0	—	23.33	2.38	—	23.44	2.38	—	0.00	0.00
上海马戏城	0	0	0	0 1.33 22.41	0	0	—	24.85	16.87	—	20.62	14.34	—	0.00	0.00
均值	1.33	2.04	1.56		2.04	1.56	3.87	24.94	15.24	4.08	25.15	13.50	2.35	0.89	2.20
中心势/%	34.5	32.13	16.06		32.13	26.07	—	—	—	—	—	—	17.72	27.6	15.3

表3

表4

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类别	核心	边缘
核心	0.735	0.151
边缘	0.148	0.013

演进阶段	核心—核心	核心—边缘	边缘—核心	边缘—边缘
前世博时期	0.619	0.061	0.071	0.005
世博时期	0.967	0.143	0.148	0.009
迪士尼时期	0.482	0.059	0.063	0.005