海洋命运共同体视域下国际海洋资源战略价值评估理论与方法

doi:10.31497/zrzyxb.20220410

自然资源学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (4): 985-998.doi: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20220410

海洋命运共同体视域下国际海洋资源战略价值评估理论与方法

郭建科¹^,²(), 董梦如¹^,³, 郑苗壮⁴, 韩增林¹^,²^,³

1.教育部人文社科重点研究基地海洋经济与可持续发展研究中心,大连 116029
2.辽宁省“海洋经济高质量发展”高校协同创新中心,大连 116029
3.辽宁师范大学地理科学学院,大连 116029
4.自然资源部海洋战略发展研究所,北京 100812

收稿日期:2021-09-22 修回日期:2022-01-05 出版日期:2022-04-28 发布日期:2022-06-28
作者简介:郭建科（1980- ）,男,山西长治人,博士,教授,主要从事区域海洋经济与空间规划、港口航运网络与交通地理、海洋地缘经济研究与教学工作。E-mail: gjianke98@126.com
基金资助:
国家社会科学基金重大项目(19VHQ006);国家自然科学基金项目(41976206)

The theory and method of strategic value evaluation of international marine resources in the perspective of the maritime community of shared future

GUO Jian-ke¹^,²(), DONG Meng-ru¹^,³, ZHENG Miao-zhuang⁴, HAN Zeng-lin¹^,²^,³

1. Center for studies of Marine Economy and Sustainable Development, Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry Education, Dalian 116029, Liaoning, China
2. University Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Economy High-Quality Development of Liaoning Province, Dalian 116029, Liaoning, China
3. School of Geography, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, Liaoning, China
4. China Institute of Marine Affairs, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100812, China

Received:2021-09-22 Revised:2022-01-05 Online:2022-04-28 Published:2022-06-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着海洋资源经济潜力及战略价值的不断提升,国际海域尤其是公海保护区的资源开发利用保护逐渐成为海洋国家关注的焦点。从地缘经济视角和海洋命运共同体的内涵出发,分析了国际海洋资源开发利用的基本原则。在对国际海域经济活动分类的基础上,提出国际海洋资源战略价值评估的理论框架和技术方法。首先,依据国际海洋资源的分布特征及其空间形态,将国际海域经济活动划分为点状、线状和面状三类。各类经济活动的开展除受海洋生态环境、海域自然条件和国际规则、国家战略与地缘关系等因素外,还受到具体的技术瓶颈、装备保障和交通成本等多方面的制约。其次,从商品的价值属性出发,提出国际海洋资源战略价值所具有的三个属性,即自然属性、社会属性和地缘属性,进而从自然价值、需求程度和可获得性三方面构建了国际海洋资源战略价值评估的三维空间概念模型,并运用海域承载力确定资源开发利用保护的边界与阈值。再次,以油气开采、海上航行及渔业捕捞为典型代表,构建了三位一体的指标体系,集成生产函数、需求函数等计量模型,初步建立了一套较为完整的国际海洋资源战略价值评估技术方法。最后,结合参与全球海洋治理的战略需求,提出我国加快国际海洋资源开发利用保护的应对策略。

关键词: 海洋命运共同体, 国际海洋资源, 公海保护区, 战略价值评估

Abstract:

With the increasing economic potential and strategic value of marine resources, the exploitation, utilization and protection of international marine resources, especially high seas reserves, have gradually become the focus of marine countries. From the perspective of geo-economy and the connotation of marine community with a shared future, this paper analyzes the basic principles of international marine resources exploitation and utilization. Based on the classification of international marine economic activities, the theoretical framework and technical methods of international marine resources strategic value evaluation are put forward. Firstly, according to the distribution characteristics of international marine resources and the spatial pattern of economic activities, the international maritime economic activities are divided into three types: Punctiform economy, linear economy and planar economy. In addition to the factors such as marine ecological environment, marine natural conditions and international rules, national strategies and geographical relations, the development of various economic activities is also restricted by specific technical bottlenecks, equipment support and transportation costs. Secondly, based on the value attribute of commodities, three properties of the strategic value of international marine resources are proposed, namely natural attribute, social attribute and geographical attribute. Then, a three-dimensional spatial conceptual model of the strategic value evaluation of international marine resources is constructed from three aspects: Natural value, demand degree and availability. The boundary and threshold of exploitation, utilization and protection of international marine resources are determined by using marine carrying capacity. Thirdly, with oil and gas exploitation, maritime navigation and fishing as the typical representatives, the paper builds a trinity index system, integrates production function, demand function and other measurement models, and preliminarily establishes a relatively complete set of international marine resources strategic value evaluation technology method. Finally, according to the strategic needs of China's participation in global ocean governance, the countermeasures of speeding up the exploitation, utilization and protection of international marine resources are put forward.

Key words: maritime community of shared future, international marine resources, high seas reserve, strategic value evaluation

郭建科, 董梦如, 郑苗壮, 韩增林. 海洋命运共同体视域下国际海洋资源战略价值评估理论与方法[J]. 自然资源学报, 2022, 37(4): 985-998.

GUO Jian-ke, DONG Meng-ru, ZHENG Miao-zhuang, HAN Zeng-lin. The theory and method of strategic value evaluation of international marine resources in the perspective of the maritime community of shared future[J]. JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES, 2022, 37(4): 985-998.

图/表 6

图1

图2

图3

图4

表1

国际海洋资源战略价值评估指标体系

	目标层	维度层	指标层	指标内涵	方向
点状经济类型	油气勘探开采	自然价值	市场价格	反映油气资源的实际经济价值	正
			探明储备量	反映油气资源供给能力	正
			水深条件	反映海域条件对勘探开采的影响	负
			油/气层深度	反映开采油气的难易程度	负
		需求程度	贸易依存度	反映国民经济对油气资源对外贸易的依附程度	正
			净贸易条件	反映油气资源对外贸易状况及国际竞争力	正
			资源竞争指数	反映本国油气资源与其他国家的竞争情况	正
		可获得性	摩擦系数	反映与油气资源相关的国家地缘政治冲突	负
			可达性	反映到达勘探开采点的难易程度	正
			勘探开采成本	反映勘探或开采油气资源需要投入的成本	负
线状经济类型	海上航行	自然价值	航道宽度	反映通过的船舶规模	正
			岛屿/海峡数量	反映航运通道的选择机率多少	正
			航道水深条件	反映船舶通过的规模大小	负
		需求程度	航线联系	反映港口在全球航运网络的通达性	正
			船舶通过量	反映通道运输职能水平	正
			通过货量	反映通道运输生产规模	正
			航线数量	反映港口的船舶组织能力	正
		可获得性	摩擦系数	反映与海上航行相关的国家地缘政治冲突	负
			可达性	反映距到达国际海域航道的难易程度	正
			海上意外事故	反映海上运输中船货遭遇的偶然意外事件频次	负
面状经济类型	渔业捕捞	自然价值	渔获量	反映区域渔业资源供给能力	正
			鱼种类型	反映渔业资源多样性	正
			捕捞努力量	反映被捕捞的资源群体捕捞死亡水平	负
			市场价格	反映渔业资源的实际经济价值	正
			单位捕捞努力量渔获量	反映不同汛期、不同渔场资源群体资源量的大小和密度	正
		需求程度	贸易依存度	反映国民经济对渔业资源对外贸易的依附程度	正
			净贸易条件	反映渔业资源对外贸易状况和国际竞争力	正
			捕捞船舶数量	反映捕捞设备投入情况	正
			渔具捕捞能力	反映给定鱼类密度在单位捕捞时间中所获得的渔获量	正
			资源竞争指数	反映本国渔业资源与其他国家的竞争情况	正
		可获得性	摩擦系数	反映与渔业捕捞相关的国家地缘政治冲突	负
			可达性	反映到达捕捞区域的难易程度	正
			渔船冲突事件	反映渔船、渔民遇险或他国发生冲突事件频次	负

表1

图5

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海洋命运共同体视域下国际海洋资源战略价值评估理论与方法

The theory and method of strategic value evaluation of international marine resources in the perspective of the maritime community of shared future

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