乡村人居环境系统韧性的演变规律及其提升路径——以国家城乡融合发展试验区重庆西部片区为例

doi:10.31497/zrzyxb.20220307

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以国家城乡融合发展试验区——重庆西部片区为研究区,以2009年、2014年、2019年为研究时点,以2009—2019年为研究时段,按照思想缘起、理论基础、实证演绎、提升路径的研究思路,建立乡村人居环境系统韧性测度的指标体系,分析其演变规律。研究结果表明：2009—2019年,重庆西部片区的乡村人居环境系统韧性水平不断上升,呈现出“南高北低”的空间格局。各子系统韧性在时间上呈现出不同程度的增长趋势,在空间上差异明显：自然系统韧性与人类系统韧性分别呈现出“由南向北递减”和“东西部向中部递减”的空间格局;居住系统韧性与支撑系统韧性则分别呈现出由“低值点缀分布”逐渐过渡到较为均衡和“普遍均衡、高低值点缀”的空间格局;社会系统韧性表现为“西部增强、东部减弱”的空间格局特征。借助障碍度模型对重庆西部片区乡村人居环境系统韧性提升的障碍因子及不同区县面临的主导障碍进行诊断,根据结果将重庆西部片区划分为单一主导障碍型、双重障碍型与三层障碍型三种类型,据此设计乡村人居环境系统韧性提升的差异化路径,以期打破重庆西部片区乡村人居环境系统韧性提升的多重制约。

关键词: 乡村人居环境系统韧性, 演变规律, 障碍因素, 韧性提升路径, 重庆西部片区

Abstract:

This study takes Western Chongqing, a national urban-rural integration development pilot area, as the research area, and 2009-2019 as the research period. Based on the systematic analysis, according to the research ideas of ideological origin, theoretical foundation, empirical research and promotion path, this study constructs an index system to measure the rural human settlements system resilience, analyzes its evolution law, and then uses the obstacle degree model to identify the obstacle factors of rural human settlements system resilience. In order to break the multiple constraints of the resilience of rural human settlements in the western part of Chongqing, the paper designs a path to enhance the resilience. Results show that: From 2009 to 2019, the resilience level of rural human settlements in Western Chongqing shows a rising trend, which is characterized by the spatio-temporal differentiation of decreasing from south to north. The resilience of each subsystem shows different degrees of growth in time and significant differences in space. According to the results of obstacle factor analysis and leading obstacle diagnosis in the study area, the resilience improvement can be divided into three types: single dominant barrier type, double barrier type and triple barrier type. Based on this, the differentiation path of rural human settlements system resilience improvement is designed to promote the construction of livable countryside and boost the overall rural revitalization. It has important demonstration effect.

Key words: rural human settlements system resilience, evolution law, obstacle factors, the way to improve resilience, Western Chongqing

王成, 代蕊莲, 陈静, 沈悦, 冀萌竹. 乡村人居环境系统韧性的演变规律及其提升路径——以国家城乡融合发展试验区重庆西部片区为例[J]. 自然资源学报, 2022, 37(3): 645-661.

WANG Cheng, DAI Rui-lian, CHEN Jing, SHEN Yue, JI Meng-zhu. Research on the evolution law and promotion pathway of rural human settlements system resilience: A case study of Western Chongqing, a national pilot area for urban-rural integration[J]. JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES, 2022, 37(3): 645-661.

图/表 12

图1

图2

表1

乡村人居环境系统韧性测度指标体系

目标层	子系统层	指标层	计算方式/指标解释	指标性质	熵值法权重	层次分析法权重	最终权重
乡村人居环境系统韧性	自然系统韧性 0.1965	森林覆盖率X1	林地面积/区域总面积	+	0.0645	0.0768	0.0707
		水土流失面积率X2	水土流失面积/区域总面积	-	0.0453	0.0369	0.0411
		农用化肥施用强度X3	农用化肥施用量/耕地面积	-	0.0186	0.0292	0.0239
		生物丰富度指数X4	反映单位面积内生物物种的种类数量	+	0.0646	0.0569	0.0608
	人类系统韧性 0.2172	乡村劳动力水平X5	乡村劳动力数量/乡村总人口	+	0.0346	0.0296	0.0322
		性别平衡率X6	(男性总人口-女性总人口)/乡村总人口	-	0.0503	0.0430	0.0466
		农村居民人均教育文化娱乐支出X7	反映农村居民对教育、文化产品或服务等的精神需求	+	0.08	0.0683	0.0742
		家庭规模X8	乡村总人口/乡村总户数	+	0.0692	0.0591	0.0642
	居住系统韧性 0.1617	住房面积X9	反映农村居民住房基本条件	+	0.0469	0.0759	0.0614
		乡村教育水平离均率X10	研究单元每百位乡镇学生教师拥有量/研究区每百位乡镇学生教师拥有量	-	0.0328	0.0531	0.0429
		电视覆盖率X11	反映家电设备水平	+	0.0166	0.0269	0.0217
		设村卫生室的村数占行政村数X12	设村卫生室的村庄数/村×100%	+	0.0273	0.0442	0.0357
	支撑系统韧性 0.258	路网密度X13	路网长度/区域总面积	+	0.0564	0.0357	0.0460
		广播覆盖率X14	反映农村的通讯设施水平	+	0.0339	0.0215	0.0277
		人均水资源量X15	水资源总量/乡村总人口	+	0.0486	0.0308	0.0397
		乡村电力设施水平X16	乡村用电量/乡村总人口	+	0.1771	0.1121	0.1446
	社会系统韧性 0.1666	农业商品化率X17	反映农业发展水平	+	0.0273	0.0410	0.0341
		农业与非农产业结构失衡度X18	$P 2 = ∑ I = 1 2 (x i - x i *) 2$	-	0.0276	0.0414	0.0345
		城乡居民人均收入比X19	城镇居民可支配收入/农村居民可支配收入	-	0.0272	0.0408	0.0340
		社会保障支出占GDP比例X20	社会保障支出/生产总值	+	0.0512	0.0768	0.064

表1

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图4

图5

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图8

表2

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