中国自然资源管理体制与制度：现状、问题及展望

doi:10.31497/zrzyxb.20220101

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

自然资源在国家发展中扮演着重要角色。十九大以来,党和国家对自然资源管理保持高度重视,我国自然资源管理的体制、制度以及理念方法不断变革创新,逐步形成了较为符合我国国情的管理体系和模式。然而,管理实践中仍然存在诸多不足和矛盾。从我国自然资源管理体制和制度建设的现状着手,从管理对象、管理主体和管理保障三个方面,阐明自然资源管理体制和制度建设的发展困因,总结凝练当前制约管理实践发展的突出现实问题,并从构建国家安全视角下的多维自然资源管理体系和建立健全自然资源管理制度体系两个方面,为我国自然资源管理体制改革和制度建设的未来发展提供思考和建议,这将有助于我国可持续发展和生态文明建设的更进一步推进。

关键词: 自然资源, 自然资源管理, 管理体制, 制度建设

Abstract:

Natural resources play an important role in a country's development. Since the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) in 2017, China has attached great importance to the management of natural resources. China's natural resource management systems, institutions, concepts and methods have been constantly reformed and innovated, and management systems and models that are more suitable to China's national conditions have been gradually formed, with remarkable results. However, there are still many inadequacies and contradictions in management practice. Starting from current situations of China's natural resources management system and institutional construction, this paper expounds the difficulties in developing natural resources management system and institutional construction from three aspects: management object, management subject, and management guarantee; summarizes prominent practical problems that restrict the development of management practice at present; and finally provides thinking and suggestions for China's natural resource management system reform and institutional construction in the future from two aspects: constructing the multi-dimensional natural resource management system and perfecting the natural resource management system under the perspective of national security. This will help further promote China's sustainable development and ecological civilization construction in the future.

Key words: natural resources, natural resource management, management system, institutional construction

宋马林, 崔连标, 周远翔. 中国自然资源管理体制与制度：现状、问题及展望[J]. 自然资源学报, 2022, 37(1): 1-16.

SONG Ma-lin, CUI Lian-biao, ZHOU Yuan-xiang. Management system and institution of natural resources in China:Status, problems and prospects[J]. JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES, 2022, 37(1): 1-16.

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代表性国家	自然资源管理体制特征
美国	以联邦政府为主的垂直化集中统一管理+合作式管理模式
英国	集中统一的综合自然资源管理+社区管理模式
德国	以州政府为主体的垂直化集中统一管理
俄罗斯	三级垂直自然资源管理
加拿大	综合自然资源管理+适应性管理模式
澳大利亚	以社区为基础的综合自然资源管理+多层次管理模式
印度	分散的自然资源管理