煤炭资源型城市城乡空间结构演变及影响因素——以安徽省淮北市为例

doi:10.31497/zrzyxb.20211109

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以淮北市为例,基于城乡建设用地和相关社会经济发展数据,运用扩张指数、相对变化率等方法,研究1985年以来煤炭资源型城市城乡空间结构演变过程及影响因素。结果表明：（1）煤炭资源型城市城乡空间结构演变大致经历了三个阶段：1985—2000年,城市发展主要围绕煤炭产业进行,形成了“城·矿·乡”三元结构;2000—2010年,城市主城区中心性逐渐凸显,城乡空间结构演变为“中心—外围”结构;2010年至今,城市转型发展速度加快,主城区向郊区扩散,城乡空间结构演变为圈层结构。（2）煤炭资源型城市城乡空间结构演变本质是由分散到集聚、由分离到一体的过程。（3）矿城管理体制、城乡产业结构、市域交通网络和政策制度四个影响因素相互作用,共同促进煤炭资源型城市城乡空间结构的发展。

关键词: 煤炭资源型城市, 城乡空间结构, 影响因素, 淮北市

Abstract:

This paper explored the evolution of urban-rural spatial structure in China and its influencing factors since 1985 by using the urban-rural construction land and socio-economic data, and took Huaibei, a typical coal resource-based city, as a study case. The results showed that: (1) Generally, the urban-rural spatial structure in coal resource-based city develops in three stages. Firstly, the city mainly depended on the coal industry, and formed the "urban-mining-rural" ternary structure in 1985-2000. Secondly, the urban-rural spatial structure has evolved into a "center-peripheral" structure. In addition, the centrality of the major urban area is gradually highlighted. Thirdly, the urban-rural spatial structure evolved into a circle structure in 2010-present. Moreover, the speed of city transformation and development has accelerated. And the main urban area spread to the suburbs. (2) In essence, the evolution of urban-rural spatial structure was a process from dispersion to aggregation, and from separation to integration. (3) Management system of mining city, urban-rural industrial structure, municipal transportation network and policy system interacted to promote the evolution of urban-rural spatial structure in coal resource-based cities.

Key words: coal resource-based cities, urban-rural spatial structure, influencing factor, Huaibei city

管晶, 焦华富. 煤炭资源型城市城乡空间结构演变及影响因素——以安徽省淮北市为例[J]. 自然资源学报, 2021, 36(11): 2836-2852.

GUAN Jing, JIAO Hua-fu. The evolution process and influencing factors of urban-rural spatial structure in coal resource-based city: A case study of Huaibei city in Anhui province[J]. JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES, 2021, 36(11): 2836-2852.

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时间	1985—2000年	2000—2010年	2010—2018年
发展阶段	“城·矿·乡”分离,低速均衡发展阶段	“城·矿·乡”协调,单中心集聚发展阶段	“城·矿·乡”融合,圈层扩散发展阶段
经济结构	煤炭产业一枝独大,资源依赖,产业结构单一	煤炭产业延伸,非煤产业培育,产业结构向多样化方向演变	积极培养高新技术产业,产业向多元化、高级化方向演变
要素流动	“城·矿·乡”要素互动水平低,流动速度慢,以乡村要素向城、矿系统流动为主	各要素向主城区高度集中,“城·矿·乡”要素流动壁垒打破,互动速度加快	各要素向主城区和近郊矿区集聚;城乡要素互动频繁,主城区扩散效应加强
空间分工	乡村地区传统农业;矿区煤炭产业和服务业;主城区较弱的第三产业和制造业;形成水平相对平衡的分工格局	乡村地区农业、农产品加工业;矿区煤炭产业;主城区实力较强的第三产业和制造业;形成梯度分层的分工格局	乡村地区规模农业、农副产品加工业;近郊矿区煤炭产业、制造业;主城区第三产业;形成圈层协调的分工格局
空间结构	煤炭产业繁荣,挤出制造业;经济分散化使主城区发展缓慢,规模效应减弱,形成“城·矿·乡”三元结构	主城区快速发展,带来各种要素的集聚,促进集聚效应的发挥,形成“中心—外围”结构	主城区要素向外围扩散,其周边建设新城,近郊矿区城市化,城乡联系日益密切,形成圈层结构

年份	1985	2000	2010	2018
ANN	1.261	1.255	1.251	1.230
Z	22.683	22.596	22.560	19.961
P	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000

年份	公路里程	公路等级
年份	公路里程	一级	二级	三级	四级
2000	567	32	197	215	123
2018	4244	110.1	237.1	733.8	3163.3