红色旅游发展效率评价及影响因素研究——以黔北黔西红色旅游区为例

doi:10.31497/zrzyxb.20211104

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

红色旅游发展效率表征旅游区红色旅游高质量发展水平。以黔北黔西红色旅游区为研究对象,借助DEA模型及Malmquist指数对2014—2019年该区域17个县（市、区）的红色旅游发展效率进行测度,同时利用核密度函数和多元线性回归模型分别剖析了其空间演化特征与关键影响因素。研究发现：（1）研究区域内红色旅游发展效率整体偏低,受技术进步的积极影响,多数县（市、区）红色旅游发展效率呈稳步提升状态;（2）红色旅游发展效率具备空间集聚性和异质性的特征,整体呈现“M”型双峰分布,区域分布差异较大;（3）技术创新、红色旅游资源优势度、交通便利性是影响该区域红色旅游发展效率的主要因素,政府对旅游经济干预程度、经济发展水平和人才规模对该区域红色旅游发展效率的影响较小,产业结构对改善该区域红色旅游发展效率的积极影响尚未凸显。

关键词: 旅游发展效率, DEA-Malmquist模型, 影响因素, 黔北黔西红色旅游区

Abstract:

The development efficiency of red tourism represents the high-quality development level of red tourism. Taking the red tourism region in Northern and Western Guizhou province as the research object, we used DEA model and Malmquist index to measure the red tourism development efficiency of 17 counties in the study area from 2014 to 2019, and applied the kernel density function and multiple linear regression model to analyze the characteristics of its spatial evolution and key influencing factors. The research found that: (1) The overall efficiency of red tourism development in the study area is low. Thanks to the technological progress, the development efficiency of red tourism in most of the counties (cities, districts) is steadily improving. (2) The spatial distribution of red tourism development efficiency has the characteristics of agglomeration and heterogeneity, showing an "M" bimodal pattern as a whole, and the distribution of red tourism development efficiency varies greatly among counties (districts and cities). (3) Technological innovation, the advantage of red tourism resources, and the convenience of transportation are the main factors that affect the development efficiency of red tourism in the region. The economic intervention from the government to the tourism, the level of economic development, and the scale of talents have little impact on the efficiency of red tourism development in the region. The positive impact of structure on improving the efficiency of red tourism development in the region has not yet been highlighted.

Key words: tourism development efficiency, DEA-Malmquist model, influencing factors, the red tourism region in Northern and Western Guizhou

杨丽, 陈季君, 时朋飞, 黄国庆. 红色旅游发展效率评价及影响因素研究——以黔北黔西红色旅游区为例[J]. 自然资源学报, 2021, 36(11): 2763-2777.

YANG Li, CHEN Ji-jun, SHI Peng-fei, HUANG Guo-qing. The evaluation of red tourism development efficiency and its influencing factors: A case study of the red tourism region in Northern and Western Guizhou[J]. JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES, 2021, 36(11): 2763-2777.

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指标类型	指标	变量	单位
投入指标	第三产业从业人员	X₁	人
投入指标	红色旅游固定资产投资	X₂	亿元
产出指标	红色旅游综合收入	Y₁	亿元
产出指标	红色旅游接待人次	Y₂	万人次

地区	TE	PTE	SE
红花岗区	1.000	1.000	1.000
汇川区	1.000	1.000	1.000
播州区（遵义县）	0.686	0.756	0.918
桐梓县	0.557	0.648	0.836
务川县	0.354	0.848	0.403
湄潭县	0.452	0.766	0.596
余庆县	0.610	0.916	0.643
仁怀市	0.842	1.000	0.842
习水县	0.548	0.607	0.906
赤水市	0.444	0.746	0.599
息烽县	0.590	0.914	0.642
清镇市	0.376	0.874	0.410
瓮安县	0.783	0.949	0.817
七星关区	0.853	0.988	0.861
赫章县	0.709	0.744	0.894
纳雍县	0.557	0.602	0.919
大方县均值	0.458 0.636	0.553 0.818	0.740 0.766

时间段/年	EFFCH	TECH	PECH	SECH	TFP
2014—2015	0.860	1.085	0.920	0.935	0.934
2015—2016	0.898	1.473	0.969	0.927	1.323
2016—2017	1.219	0.885	1.113	1.096	1.080
2017—2018	0.865	1.429	0.902	0.959	1.236
2018—2019	0.618	1.700	0.835	0.740	1.051
均值	0.872	1.280	0.943	0.924	1.116

地区	EFFCH	TECH	PECH	SECH	TFP
红花岗区	1.000	1.189	1.000	1.000	1.189
汇川区	1.000	1.604	1.000	1.000	1.604
播州区（遵义县）	0.928	1.216	1.009	0.920	1.129
桐梓县	1.027	1.215	1.010	1.017	1.247
务川县	0.818	1.517	0.924	0.886	1.241
湄潭县	0.841	1.314	0.894	0.941	1.105
余庆县	0.797	1.538	0.902	0.883	1.225
仁怀市	1.000	1.270	1.000	1.000	1.270
习水县	1.074	1.070	1.074	0.999	1.149
赤水市	0.935	1.085	0.973	0.961	1.015
息烽县	0.877	1.077	0.928	0.944	0.944
清镇市	0.599	1.622	0.873	0.687	0.973
瓮安县	0.987	1.012	1.000	0.987	0.999
七星关区	0.904	1.277	1.000	0.904	1.155
赫章县	0.690	1.313	0.833	0.828	0.906
纳雍县	0.881	1.127	0.882	0.999	0.993
大方县	0.649	1.572	0.783	0.829	1.020
均值	0.872	1.280	0.943	0.924	1.116

	非标准化系数	标准误差	标准系数	T统计量	P值	VIF值
常量	0.214	0.304		0.704	0.499	5.897
经济发展水平	0.336	0.165	0.364^*	2.037	0.072	2.148
产业结构	2.590	1.674	0.391	1.547	0.156	1.909
政府对旅游经济的干预程度	0.366	0.139	0.264^***	2.635	0.010	1.299
红色旅游资源优势度	0.643	0.177	0.824^***	3.628	0.006	1.576
交通便利性	0.609	0.166	0.771^***	3.671	0.005	2.971
人才规模	0.506	0.229	0.395^*	2.215	0.054	5.167
技术创新	2.944	0.661	1.053^***	4.456	0.002	2.123