城乡融合评价研究综述：内涵辨识、理论认知与体系重构

doi:10.31497/zrzyxb.20211013

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

科学的城乡融合评价是城乡融合工作的重要环节,是建立健全城乡融合体制机制的基础。以“内涵辨识—理论认知—体系重构”为逻辑主线,从城乡融合的概念内涵、基础理论、评价指标、评价方法、评价尺度及演化机理等方面,开展城乡融合评价综述。研究表明：学界对城乡融合概念与内涵的认识基本一致,且已有一定理论基础;城乡融合评价指标选取呈现多维化、多属性化特征,但指标体系构建尚未突破静态性层面;定量评价方法较为单一;研究尺度整体偏向中宏观,缺少微观视角下的量化以及不同融合模式对比研究;城乡融合的时空分异格局及其机理研究亟待进一步深化。对此,提出了以下五点展望：（1）加强基础理论体系建设,完善系统研究框架构建;（2）优化多维评价指标体系,识别城乡融合发展模式;（3）深化城乡要素流动机制,推动城乡空间均衡发展;（4）加强微观尺度细节挖掘,健全城乡融合推进机制;（5）强化数字经济赋能作用,创新城乡高质量融合发展机制。

关键词: 城乡融合评价, 内涵辨识, 理论认知, 体系重构, 研究综述

Abstract:

The scientific evaluation of urban-rural integration is the core content of urban-rural integration, and it is the foundation for establishing and improving the institutional mechanism of urban-rural integration. Based on the logical line of "connotation identification-theoretical analysis-system reconstruction", this paper carries out the review of urban-rural integration evaluation including concept connotation, theoretical basis, evaluation index, evaluation method, evaluation scale, spatio-temporal differentiation, and mechanism analysis. At present, the academic understanding of the connotation of urban-rural integration is basically the same. The evaluation index selection of urban-rural integration shows multidimensional and multi-attribute characteristics, but the index system construction has not broken through the static characteristics. Quantitative evaluation method is relatively simple. Generally, current research still remains at the macro scale, but lacks quantitative research from a micro perspective and comparative studies of different fusion modes. The spatial and temporal differentiation pattern and its mechanism of urban-rural integration need to be further deepened. Finally, this paper puts forward five prospects: (1) strengthening the construction of basic theory system and perfecting system research framework; (2) optimizing the multidimensional evaluation index system and identifying the development model of urban-rural integration; (3) deepening the flow mechanism of urban and rural elements and promoting the balanced development of urban and rural space; (4) strengthening the exploration of micro-scale details and improving the promoting mechanism of urban-rural integration; (5) strengthening the empowering role of the digital economy and innovating the development mechanism of high-quality urban-rural integration.

Key words: urban-rural integration evaluation, connotation identification, theoretical analysis, system reconstruction, research review

周德, 戚佳玲, 钟文钰. 城乡融合评价研究综述：内涵辨识、理论认知与体系重构[J]. 自然资源学报, 2021, 36(10): 2634-2651.

ZHOU De, QI Jia-ling, ZHONG Wen-yu. Review of urban-rural integration evaluation: Connotation identification, theoretical analysis, and system reconstruction[J]. JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES, 2021, 36(10): 2634-2651.

图/表 6

图1

图2

表1

“城乡统筹”“城乡一体化”“城乡融合”的联系与区别

概念	城乡统筹	城乡一体化	城乡融合
提出时间	2002年党的十六大	2012年党的十八大	2017年党的十九大
前提	城市化、工业化、市场化和现代化已经达到比较高的水平^[38]
性质	强调过程是实现城乡融合的基本方法和宏观调控手段^[39,40]	强调目的和结果统筹发展的最终目标^[38],具有静态目标导向性^[41]	强调“过程—目标—状态”的多属性城乡关系的最高境界与目标^[42]
意识形态	五个统筹、和谐社会、科学发展观^[43]	强国农业基础,社会现代化战略（五化）	乡村振兴战略、数字经济
价值地位	城市处于中心和主导地位,乡村处于从属和被动地位^[40],区域观未形成^[43]		乡村与城市处于优势互补、平等交换的地位^[40]; 强调乡村的独立性^[44]
目标导向	解决城乡分割、发展不同步问题^[44] 实现城乡共同发展	破除城乡二元体制障碍,调整城乡利益关系,促进城乡政策平等、国民待遇上一致,补齐乡村发展不足^[38,44] 实现城乡协调发展^[44]	追求城乡居民生活品质等值化实现人的全面发展^[44]
核心关键	注重解决“三农”问题,促进城乡二元的转变^[38] 强调利用宏观调控手段提高城乡的整体性与平等性^[39]	注重解决城乡居民的不同国民待遇问题^[38] 致力于通过改革打破城乡对立的二元结构^[38]	强调城乡功能差异与各自特色^[44] 通过全面发展与制度创新,促进城乡优势互补,实现互利共赢^[44]
主体	各级政府（自上而下）	各级政府（自上而下）	多元化（政府和市场的互动耦合）^[40]
手段	强调“统”与政策设计的概念,旨在利用政府宏观调控手段,通过调整重城抑乡的“汲取型”政策,推动由“取”向“予”的政策转型^[44,45,46]	以改革为动力^[38]	强调发挥市场机制在城乡要素配置中的决定性作用,通过要素重组、产业重构、空间协同,激发农业农村自主发展动力和内生发展能力^[45]
实现路径	以城市为本位,发挥城市（增长极）的扩散效应以工促农、以城带乡^[46]	发挥城市对农村的带动作用和农村对城市的促进作用,促进农村劳动力充分就业^[47]	通过制度改革、政策调整和市场建设,激活“主体—要素—市场”,实现城乡双向互动^[44,46]

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表2

图4

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