秦岭山区农村社会空间演化研究——以陕西秦岭山区三县为例

doi:10.31497/zrzyxb.20211008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

社会空间是社会过程与空间过程的有机统一,把握山区农村社会空间的形成、演化,可以为通过空间规划推动乡村振兴提供新的切入点。在对陕西省太白县、柞水县、商州区三个秦岭山区县的农户进行入户调查、县乡调研和文献分析的基础上,采用统计占比分析和相关分析研究山区农村社会的特征,从结构角度分析社会空间的参与者、基本组成和演化类型三个方面的内容。结果表明：（1）在参与农村社会空间演化的过程中,政府的主导作用最为显著,乡村精英起着承上启下的作用,外部工商资本是新的推动力量,本地农民是农村社会空间生成的基质;（2）山区农村社会空间由物理空间、意愿—行动空间和制度空间三个层次有机结合、共同构成;（3）山区农村社会空间的演化过程可以分成生产、分离、转移、扩展、压缩和消亡等几种基本演变类型。通过空间规划中考虑营造植根于农村并能扩展的社会空间,引导山区农村社会在变革中向良性发展,可为乡村振兴战略的具体实施提供指导。

关键词: 社会空间, 山区农村, 社会空间类型, 演化类型, 秦岭

Abstract:

As a national strategy, the policy of rural revitalization is of great significance. Rural social space united by social progress and spacial progress is not only a new perspective but also an important way to promote rural revitalization in mountainous areas. Based on field investigation in three counties in Shaanxi province, namely, Zhashui, Shangzhou, and Taibai, the participants, composition and evolution types of rural social space in mountainous areas are analyzed. The conclusions can be drawn as follows: (1) Four participants are included in the process of shaping rural social space, namely, government, rural elites, outside investors and local farmers. Among them, the government plays a leading role; rural elites play a connecting role; the outside investors are the new promoters in rural areas. Local farmers are the base of rural social space. (2) The rural social space in mountainous areas is composed of physical space, action space and institutional space. (3) There are six basic forms of rural social spacial evolution in mountainous areas: production, separation, transfer, expansion, compression, and vanishing. Finally, it is considered that the rural society in mountainous areas should be guided to develop healthily by establishing social space that rooted in rural areas.

Key words: social space, mountainous rural areas, social space type, evolvement classification, Qinling Mountains

马超群, 王晓锋, 员学锋, 徐和平, 任朝霞, 卫新东. 秦岭山区农村社会空间演化研究——以陕西秦岭山区三县为例[J]. 自然资源学报, 2021, 36(10): 2557-2570.

MA Chao-qun, WANG Xiao-feng, YUAN Xue-feng, XU He-ping, REN Zhao-xia, WEI Xin-dong. The evolution of social space in mountainous rural areas: A case study of three counties in Qinling Mountains area, Shaanxi[J]. JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES, 2021, 36(10): 2557-2570.

图/表 4

图1

表1

表2

图2

参考文献 52

[1]	冯应斌, 龙花楼. 中国山区乡村聚落空间重构研究进展与展望. 地理科学进展, 2020, 39(5):866-879. doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2020.05.014
	[ FENG Y B, LONG H L. Progress and prospect of research on spatial reconstruction of rural settlements in mountainous areas of China. Progress in Geography, 2020, 39(5):866-879.]
[2]	刘彦随, 严镔, 王艳飞. 新时期中国城乡发展的主要问题与转型对策. 经济地理, 2016, 36(7):1-8.
	[ LIU Y S, YAN B, WANG Y F. Urban-rural development problems and transformation counter measures in the new period in China. Economic Geography, 2016, 36(7):1-8.]
[3]	李强, 胡宝荣. 户籍制度改革与农民工市民化的路径. 社会学评论, 2013, 1(1):36-43.
	[ LI Q, HU B R. Reform of household registration system and the path of migrant workers citizenization. Sociological Review of China, 2013, 1(1):36-43.]
[4]	李雯轩, 李晓华. 产业结构变化对农村服务消费的影响研究. 消费经济, 2019, 35(6):33-41.
	[ LI W X, LI X H. Research on the impact of industrial structure changes on rural service consumption. Consumer Economics, 2019, 35(6):33-41.]
[5]	傅晨. 城市化进程中我国农业转移人口市民化研究. 城市观察, 2014, (1):153-159.
	[ FU C. The socio-economic connotations, trend and characteristics of citizensation for rural China's migrant population in the urbanization process. Urban Insight, 2014, (1):153-159.]
[6]	刘守英, 王一鸽. 从乡土中国到城乡中国: 中国转型的乡村变迁视角. 管理世界, 2018, (10):128-146.
	[ LIU S Y, WANG Y G. From native rural China to urban-rural China: The rural transition perspective of China transformation. Management World, 2018, (10):128-146.]
[7]	张悦悦, 李翠珍, 周德, 等. 乡村振兴视域下农村土地利用利益相关者分析. 自然资源学报, 2020, 35(5):1132-1146.
	[ ZHANG Y Y, LI C Z, ZHOU D, et al. Analysis of rural land use stakeholders in a perspective of rural revitalization. Journal of Natural Resources, 2020, 35(5):1132-1146.]
[8]	蒙慧玲. 新型城镇化背景下农村社会空间变迁研究. 河南大学学报: 社会科学版, 2020, 60(4):63-70.
	[ MENG H L. Rural social spaces transition in the new urbanization in China. Journal of Henan University: Social Science Edition, 2020, 60(4):63-70.]
[9]	陆学艺, 张厚义. 农民的分化、问题及其对策. 农业经济问题, 1990, (1):16-21.
	[ LU X Y, ZHANG H Y. Rural residents' differentiation, problems, and countermeasures. Issues in Agricultural Economy, 1990, (1):16-21.]
[10]	杨华. 时空压缩下的农民分化. 求索, 2019, (5):120-128.
	[ YANG H. Peasant differentiation under the compression of time and space. Seeker, 2019, (5):120-128.]
[11]	张建雷. 人口分化: 理解转型期农民分化的一个视角. 中国农业大学学报: 社会科学版, 2018, 35(4):18-28.
	[ ZHANG J L. The differentiation of population: A new theoretical framework about the problem of peasants' differentiation in Chinese transition period. China Agricultural University Journal: Social Sciences Edition, 2018, 35(4):18-28.]
[12]	龙花楼, 屠爽爽. 论乡村重构. 地理学报, 2017, 72(4):563-576. doi: 10.11821/dlxb201704001
	[ LONG H L, TU S S. Rural restructuring: Theory, approach and research prospect. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2017, 72(4):563-576.]
[13]	何雪松. 社会理论的空间转向. 社会, 2006, 26(2):34-48.
	[ HE X S. Spatial turn in social theories. Society, 2006, 26(2):34-48.]
[14]	SOJA E. The socio-spatial dialectic. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 1980, (2):207-225.
[15]	景天魁, 何健, 邓万春, 等. 时空社会学. 北京: 北京师范大学出版社, 2012: 14-60.
	[ JING T K, HE J, DENG W C, et al. Spatial and Temporal Sociology. Beijing: Beijing Normal University Publishing Group, 2012: 14-60.]
[16]	格利高里, 厄里. 社会关系与空间结构. 谢礼圣,吕增奎译. 北京: 北京师范大学出版社, 2011: 18-48.
	[ GREGORY D, URRY J. Social Relations and Spatial Structures. Translated by XIE L S, LYU Z K. Beijing: Beijing Normal University Publishing Group, 2011: 18-48.]
[17]	张品. 社会空间研究刍议: 实质、误区及反思. 理论与现代化, 2015, 4:58-62.
	[ ZHANG P. Study on the social space: Essence, mistakes and rethink. Theory and Modernization, 2015, 4:58-62.]
[18]	曾文, 张小林. 社会空间的内涵与特征. 城市问题, 2015, (7):26-32.
	[ ZENG W, ZHANG X L. Social space' connotation and features. Urban Problems, 2015, (7):26-32.]
[19]	李九全, 王兴中. 中国内陆大城市场所的社会空间结构模式研究: 以西安为例. 人文地理, 1997, 12(3):9-15.
	[ LI J Q, WANG X Z. A study on the social spatial structure pattern of the places in big cities in China: A case study of Xi'an. Human Geography, 1997, 12(3):9-15.]
[20]	冯健, 叶宝源. 西方社会空间视角下的郊区化研究及其启示. 人文地理, 2013, 26(3):20-26.
	[ FENG J, YE B Y. Recent progress of the research of suburbanization in western countries based on the viewpoint of social space and its enlightenment. Human Geography, 2013, 26(3):20-26.]
[21]	林聚任, 申丛丛. 后现代理论与社会空间理论的耦合和创新. 社会学评论, 2019, 7(5):15-24.
	[ LIN J R, SHEN C C. The coupling and innovation of postmodern theory and social space theory. Sociological Review of China, 2019, 7(5):15-24.]
[22]	李裕瑞, 卜长利, 曹智, 等. 面向乡村振兴战略的村庄分类方法与实证研究. 自然资源学报, 2020, 35(2):243-256.
	[ LI Y Y, BU C L, CAO Z, et al. Village classification system for rural vitalization strategy: Method and empirical study. Journal of Natural Resources, 2020, 35(2):243-256.]
[23]	张悦悦, 李翠珍, 周德, 等. 乡村振兴视域下农村土地利用利益相关者分析. 自然资源学报, 2020, 35(5):1132-1146.
	[ ZHANG Y Y, LI C Z, ZHOU D, et al. Analysis of rural land use stakeholders in a perspective of rural revitalization. Journal of Natural Resources, 2020, 35(5):1132-1146.]
[24]	孟思聪, 马晓冬. 我国乡村社会转型研究评述. 地域研究与开发, 2016, 35(6):109-114.
	[ MGNG S C, MA X D. Review of China's rural social transformation. Areal Research and Development, 2016, 35(6):109-114.]
[25]	艾大宾, 马晓玲. 中国乡村社会空间的形成与演化. 人文地理, 2004, 19(5):55-59.
	[ AI D B, MA X L. The formation and evolution of the rural social space in China. Human Geography, 2004, 19(5):55-59.]
[26]	张勇, 冯健. 村落终结: 快速城镇化进程中村庄的空心化与乡村性演化. 城市发展研究, 2017, 24(9):98-108.
	[ ZHANG Y, FENG J. The vanishing village and evolving rurality in urbanizing China: Evidence from Dengzhou, Henan province in China. Urban Development Studies, 2017, 24(9):98-108.]
[27]	曲衍波. 论乡村聚落转型. 地理科学, 2020, 40(4):572-580. doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2020.04.009
	[ QU Y B. Transition of rural settlements: Concept, feature, mechanism and path. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2020, 40(4):572-580.]
[28]	李红波, 胡晓亮, 张小林, 等. 乡村空间辨析. 地理科学进展, 2018, 37(5):591-600. doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2018.05.003
	[ LI H B, HU X L, ZHANG X L, et al. On the analysis of rural space. Progress in Geography, 2018, 37(5):591-600.]
[29]	王丹, 刘祖云. 国外乡村空间研究的进展与启示. 地理科学进展, 2019, 38(12):1991-2002. doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2019.12.014
	[ WANG D, LIU Z Y. Progress and implications of international rural space research. Progress in Geography, 2019, 38(12):1991-2002.]
[30]	屠爽爽, 龙花楼. 乡村聚落空间重构的理论解析. 地理科学, 2020, 40(4):509-517. doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2020.04.002
	[ TU S S, LONG H L. The theoretical cognition of rural settlements spatial restructuring. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2020, 40(4):509-517.]
[31]	周明茗, 王成. 乡村生产空间系统要素构成及运行机制研究. 地理科学进展, 2019, 38(11):1655-1664. doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2019.11.001
	[ ZHOU M M, WANG C. Elements and operation mechanisms of rural production spatial system. Progress in Geography, 2019, 38(11):1655-1664.]
[32]	刘春芳, 王奕璇, 何瑞东, 等. 基于居民行为的三生空间识别与优化分析框架. 自然资源学报, 2019, 34(10):2113-2122.
	[ LIU C F, WANG Y X, HE R D, et al. An analysis framework for identifying and optimizing ecological production-living space based on resident behavior. Journal of Natural Resources, 2019, 34(10):2113-2122.]
[33]	武联, 余侃华, 鱼晓惠, 等. 秦巴山区典型乡村“三生空间”振兴路径探究: 以商洛市花园村乡村振兴规划为例. 规划师, 2019, 35(21):45-51.
	[ WU L, YU K H, YU X H, et al. Research on the revitalization path of production-living-ecological space of typical villages in Qin-Ba Mountainous Area: A case study of rural revitalization planning of Huayuan village in Shangluo city. Planners, 2019, 35(21):45-51.]
[34]	陈怡平. 大秦岭生态文明建设的意义与对策. 地球环境学报, 2019, 10(1):1-11.
	[ CHEN Y P. Significance and strategies on the ecological civilization construction at Qinling Mountains. Journal of Earth Environment, 2019, 10(1):1-11.]
[35]	POPENOE D. Sociology (11th Edition). 李强译. 北京: 中国人民大学出版社, 2012: 269-274.
	[ POPENOE D. Sociology (11th Edition). Translated by LI Q. Beijing: China Renmin University Press, 2012: 269-274.]
[36]	邓万春. 时间、空间与社会理论重构的谱系. 人文杂志, 2013, (7):114-119.
	[ DENG W C. Time, space and the pedigree of reconstruction of social theory. The Journal of Humanities, 2013, (7):114-119.]
[37]	李晓梅, 白浩然. 双重政府权力运作: 农村脱贫场景的治理逻辑. 公共管理学报, 2019, 16(4):48-60.
	[ LI X M, BAI H R. Dual government powers operation: The governance logic of rural poverty alleviation. Journal of Public Management, 2019, 16(4):48-60.]
[38]	宋丽娜, 田先红. 论圈层结构: 当代中国农村社会结构变迁的再认识. 中国农业大学学报: 社会科学版, 2011, 28(1):109-121.
	[ SONG L N, TIAN X H. Study on the structure of circle and layer: Recognition to the social structure of rural areas in modern China. Journal of China Agricultural University: Social Sciences Edition, 2011, 28(1):109-121.]
[39]	周振. 工商资本参与乡村振兴“跑路烂尾”之谜: 基于要素配置的研究视角. 中国农村观察, 2020, (2):34-46.
	[ ZHOU Z. The mystery of industrial and commercial enterprises' participation difficulties in rural revitalization: A study from the perspective of factor allocation. China Rural Survey, 2020, (2):34-46.]
[40]	寻舸, 朱玉晗, 陶莉. 基于多元主体协同供给的山区农业生产性服务业发展研究. 中国农学通报, 2020, 36(21):160-164.
	[ XUN G, ZHU Y H, TAO L. Research on the development of agricultural producer service industry in mountainous area based on multi-subject collaborative supply. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2020, 36(21):160-164.]
[41]	唐巴特尔. 论社会空间的基本形式及其方法论意义. 内蒙古大学学报: 人文社会科学版, 2002, 34(6):18-22.
	[ TANG B. On significance of the basic forms and methodology of social space. Journal of Inner Mongolia University: Philosophy and Social Sciences, 2002, 34(6):18-22.]
[42]	潘可礼. 亨利·列斐伏尔的社会空间理论. 南京师大学报: 社会科学版, 2015, (1):13-20.
	[ PAN K L. Henry Lefebvre's theory of social space. Journal of Nanjing Normal University: Social Science Edition, 2015, (1):13-20.]
[43]	LOGAN, JOHN R. Making a place for space: Spatial thinking in social science. Annual Review Sociology, 2012, 38:507-524. doi: 10.1146/annurev-soc-071811-145531
[44]	贺雪峰. 农村社会结构变迁四十年: 1978—2018. 学习与探索. 2018, (11):59-65.
	[ HE X F. The changing of rural social structure during the last four decades: 1978-2018. Study & Exploration, 2018, (11):59-65.]
[45]	埃米尔·涂尔干. 社会分工论. 渠东译. 北京: 生活、读书、新知三联书店, 2013: 73-93.
	[ DURKHEIM E. The Division of Labour in Society. Translated by QU D. Beijing: SDX Joint Publishing Company, 2013: 73-93.]
[46]	张京祥, 胡毅, 孙东琪. 空间生产视角下的城中村物质空间与社会变迁: 南京市江东村的实证研究. 人文地理, 2014, 29(2):1-6.
	[ ZHANG J X, HU Y, SUN D Q. The physical space change and social variation in urban village from the perspective of space production: A case study of Jiangdong village in Nanjing. Human Geography, 2014, 29(2):1-6.]
[47]	孙九霞, 周尚意, 王宁, 等. 跨学科聚焦的新领域: 流动的时间、空间与社会. 地理研究, 2016, 35(10):1801-1818. doi: 10.11821/dlyj201610001
	[ SUN J X, ZHOU S Y, WANG N, et al. Mobility in geographical research: Time, space and society. Geographical Research, 2016, 35(10):1801-1818.]
[48]	王卓. 彝族深度贫困解析: 从地理空间转向社会空间. 人民论坛·学术前沿, 2018, 14:34-41.
	[ WANG Z. Analysis of the severe poverty of the Yi Nationality: From the geographical space to the social space. People's Tribune: Frontiers, 2018, 14:34-41.]
[49]	胡现岭. 农村青年社会流动方式之变迁(1978—2010). 中国青年研究, 2013, (10):5-9.
	[ HU X L. Changes in social mobility of rural youth (1978-2010): A survey of 22 villages in Henan province. China Youth Study, 2013, (10):5-9.]
[50]	许晓. 从断裂到整合: 对乡村振兴的政治社会学考察: 基于冀西北地区X村的个案研究. 求实, 2020, (1):62-73.
	[ XU X. From fracture to integration: A political sociological study of rural vitalization: A case study of village X in Northwest Hebei. Truth Seeking, 2020, (1):62-73.]
[51]	张书琬. 生产组织形式变迁过程中的劳动者主体性建构. 理论与改革, 2018, (5):48-57.
	[ ZHANG S W. The construction of worker's subjectivity in the process of production organization change. Theory and Reform, 2018, (5):48-57.]
[52]	田毅鹏, 张帆. 城乡结合部“村落终结”体制性影响因素新探. 社会科学战线, 2016, (10):170-178.
	[ TIAN Y P, ZHANG F. A study on the institutional influencing factors of "Village Terminate" in Urban Fringe Area. Social Science Front, 2016, (10):170-178.]

	极小值	极大值	均值	0值户数	占比/%
户主文化程度	1	5	1.62
60岁以上人口/人	0	3	0.75	1552	47.78
16~60岁劳动力人数/人	0	8	2.00	679	19.75
常年在家务农人数/人	0	6	0.95	1152	38.10
常年外出打工人数/人	0	5	1.08	920	30.41
义务教育阶段学生/人	0	3	0.40	1915	58.96
有慢性病人/人	0	3	0.38	1727	53.17
有大病病人/人	0	3	0.082	3166	97.48
人均纯收入/元	2000	666666.67	11933
有效的N	3248

	户主文化程度	60岁以上人数	常年务工人数	常年务农人数	家中学生数	人均收入
户主文化程度	1	-0.186^**	0.141^**	-0.039^*	0.086^**	0.142^**
60岁以上人数	-0.186^**	1	-0.106^**	0.097^**	-0.043^*	-0.115^**
常年务工人数	-0.141^**	-0.106^**	1	-0.140^**	0.074^**	0.096^**
常年务农人数	-0.039^*	0.097^**	-0.140^**	1	0.029	-0.080^**
家中学生数	0.086^**	-0.043^*	0.074^**	0.029	1	-0.061^**
人均收入	0.142^**	-0.115^**	0.096^**	-0.080^**	-0.061^**	1