老家依恋对秦巴山区生态移民新环境融入的影响——基于陕南三市的案例研究

doi:10.31497/zrzyxb.20211007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

生态移民的新环境融入对实现移民安置目标具有重要意义。本文选取陕南商洛、安康和汉中三市的三个移民安置点作为案例地,利用半结构化访谈对196位就近安置生态移民进行调查,通过质性分析和QCA（定性比较分析法）相结合的方式将移民老家依恋和新家地方融入/疏离进行了关联分析。研究表明：移民融入新环境是一个老家—新家互动的建构家的过程,就近安置使得这种互动过程更加显著;与其他移民类型相比,就近安置使得老家与新家之间的关系表现出全面性的特点,包括老家认同、功能性依赖和社会支持;就近安置所存在的老家与新家联系的复杂性成为移民对新环境产生疏离的重要因素。研究建议,除了解决移民所面临的实际困难,应允许移民进行老家与新家的互动,并对互动做进一步的政策性安排,以便逐步实现移民心理和社会多层次的新环境融入。

关键词: 地方依恋, 地方融入, QCA, 生态移民, 就近安置

Abstract:

The new environmental integration of ecological migration is of great significance to the realization of the goal of resettlement. In this study, a semi-structured interview was conducted to investigate 196 ecological migrants who had been resettled nearby in three cities of Shangluo, Ankang and Hanzhong. Through qualitative analysis and qualitative comparative analysis (QCA), this paper makes a correlation analysis between hometown attachment and place integration/alienation of migrants, which shows that migrants' integration into the new environment is a process of hometown-new home interaction. Compared with other types of immigrants, the interaction is more remarkable because of the close placement, including hometown identity, functional dependence and social support, which makes the relationship between hometown and new home more comprehensive. The complexity of the connection between the hometown and the new home is an important factor leading to the alienation of migrants from the new environment. The study suggests that, in addition to addressing the practical difficulties, migrants should be allowed to interact with their hometown and new settlements, and that further policy arrangements should be made for the interaction in order to gradually realize the migrants' psychological and social multi-level integration into the new environment.

Key words: place attachment, place integration, QCA, ecological migration, nearby settlements

李洋洋, 赵振斌, 李小永, 张予倩, 张戬, 李佳乐. 老家依恋对秦巴山区生态移民新环境融入的影响——基于陕南三市的案例研究[J]. 自然资源学报, 2021, 36(10): 2541-2556.

LI Yang-yang, ZHAO Zhen-bin, LI Xiao-yong, ZHANG Yu-qian, ZHANG Jian, LI Jia-le. The influence of hometown attachment towards environmental integration of ecological migrants in Qinba Mountainous Area: Based on the case study of three cities in Southern Shaanxi[J]. JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES, 2021, 36(10): 2541-2556.

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老家依恋	节点频数/次	百分比/%	新家融入/疏离	节点频数/次	百分比/%
1 老家情感联系	417	30.1	1 生活融入/疏离	664	39.0
1.1 保障感	71	5.1	1.1 生活便利	511	30.0
1.2 舒适感	44	3.2	1.2 生活不便	153	9.0
1.3 归属感	147	10.6
1.4 认同感	155	11.2
2 生活方式留恋	360	25.9	2 经济融入/疏离	400	23.5
2.1 地方风俗	85	6.1	2.1 生计来源增加	53	3.1
2.2 劳动生活	100	7.2	2.2 经济压力大	152	8.9
2.3 资料来源	69	5.0	2.3 生活成本上升	195	11.5
3.4 物品牵挂	106	7.6
3 社会关系依赖	274	19.7	3 心理融入/疏离	262	15.4
3.1 邻里关系	114	8.2	3.1 安全感	13	0.8
3.2 滞留亲属	95	6.8	3.2 认同感	142	8.3
3.3 行门入户	65	4.7	3.3 习惯	69	4.1
			3.4 抗拒感	38	2.2
4 农业生产依赖	233	16.8	4 社会融入/疏离	243	14.3
4.1 药材	27	1.9	4.1 邻里关系融洽	126	7.4
4.2 庄稼	55	4.0	4.2 参与社区活动	58	3.4
4.3 蔬菜	118	8.5	4.3 邻里关系隔阂	42	2.5
4.4 茶园	33	2.4	4.4 拒绝社区活动	17	1.0
5 地方环境留恋	104	7.5	5 政策融入/疏离	132	7.8
5.1 山清水秀	78	5.6	5.1 支持搬迁政策	77	4.5
5.2 环境适宜	26	1.9	5.2 反对搬迁政策	55	3.3
总计	1388	100	总计	1701	100

老家依恋	疏离
老家依恋	一致性	覆盖度
农业生产依赖	0.400000	0.800000
不存在农业生产依赖	0.600000	0.697674
地方环境留恋	0.380000	0.863636
不存在地方环境留恋	0.620000	0.673913
生活方式留恋	0.960000	0.786885
不存在生活方式留恋	0.040000	0.285714
社会关系依赖	0.760000	0.974359
不存在社会关系依赖	0.240000	0.413793
老家情感联系	1.00000	0.909091
不存在老家情感联系	0.00000	0.000000

老家依恋	解
老家依恋	组合1	组合2	组合3	组合4
农业生产依赖		○	●	○
地方环境留恋		○	●	●
生活方式留恋	■	■	■
社会关系依赖	●			●
老家情感联系	●	●	●	●
一致性	1	1	1	1
原始覆盖度	0.720000	0.380000	0.160000	0.100000
唯一覆盖度	0.240000	0.100000	0.020000	0.040000
总体解的一致性	1
总体解的覆盖度	0.88000