生态—社会经济系统耦合方法在县域国土空间生态修复规划中的运用——以四川威远县为例

doi:10.31497/zrzyxb.20210910

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

国土空间规划体制具有强烈生态指向意义,生态安全已是国土空间安全的重点。以四川省威远县为研究对象,针对县域生态国土空间的生态资源破坏、生态系统紊乱等问题,利用生态—社会经济系统耦合方法,从要素修复、结构优化、系统价值提升三个角度构筑系统耦合度评价指标体系,计算系统耦合度及子系统综合功效,综合耦合系统时空格局变化分析得出县域生态修复安全目标格局与生态修复对策。研究结果表明：（1）县域生态修复规划具有目标多层次性、系统复合性及途径多样化性,可从宏、中、微观层级提出对策。（2）系统耦合度在0.457~0.497区间浮动,耦合系统现处于拮抗时期向磨合时期发展。（3）依据系统耦合度、子系统综合功效及指标影响度构建“点—线—面”的生态修复格局。研究提出应对县域尺度的生态修复专项规划方法和实践运用,可为当前县域国土空间规划编制提供新的思路和方法。

关键词: 生态—社会系统, 县域, 国土空间生态修复, 威远县

Abstract:

With the transformation brought by the renewal and reform of territorial space planning, the improvement of the value of territorial ecological space, the construction of security pattern and the integrated development of multiple elements are becoming more and more important. The establishment of the national territory development planning system is the great ecological significance, and ecological priority is the core value of the formation of the national territory development planning system. Among them, the ecological restoration planning at the county level is an important part of the current national territory development planning. This study takes the land space of Weiyuan county, Sichuan as the research object, analyzes its serious problems of ecological resources destruction, ecosystem disruption, and low ecological efficiency in the background of industrialization and urbanization. It is pointed out that the construction of ecological security pattern is the goal orientation of national territory ecological restoration planning, and the evaluation index system of coupling degree is constructed by using the coupling method of eco-socioeconomic system. From the three aspects of the restoration of ecological elements, the optimization of ecological structure and the promotion of ecosystem value, combined with the typical ecological engineering technology, the ecological restoration security pattern composed of point, line and area is constructed, and the countermeasures of ecological management and restoration are proposed. The results show that: (1) The ecological restoration planning of counties has the characteristics of multi-level objectives, system complexity and diversity of approaches, and the response planning countermeasures can be put forward from the macro, meso and micro levels. (2) The coupling degree of eco-socioeconomic system in Weiyuan fluctuates between 0.457 and 0.497, and the ecosystem and socioeconomic system are now in an antagonistic period and have a development trend in the running-in period. (3) According to the calculation results of coupling degree, comprehensive efficacy and index influence degree, the overall pattern of ecological restoration of "multi-corridor and multi-point, two veins and two rings, one screen and two areas" can be constructed. The study puts forward the special planning methods and practical application of ecological restoration at the county scale, which can provide new ideas and methods for the current national territory spatial ecological restoration planning system of counties.

Key words: eco-sociosystem, county, ecological restoration of territorial space, Weiyuan county

杨培峰, 焦泽飞. 生态—社会经济系统耦合方法在县域国土空间生态修复规划中的运用——以四川威远县为例[J]. 自然资源学报, 2021, 36(9): 2308-2319.

YANG Pei-feng, JIAO Ze-fei. Application of coupling method of eco-socioeconomic system in national territory spatial ecological restorationplanning system of counties:A case study of Weiyuan county[J]. JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES, 2021, 36(9): 2308-2319.

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子系统	指标	权重
生态	土地覆盖指数A₁	0.121
	工业用地面积比A₂	0.121
	林草业用地面积比A₃	0.022
	水面率A₄	0.028
	湿地面积比A₅	0.028
	地形起伏指数A₆	0.021
	植被覆盖率A₇	0.136
	人均公园绿地面积A₈	0.026
	土地退化指数A₉	0.148
社会经济	人口增长率B₁	0.056
	GDP增长率B₂	0.074
	第三产业产值增长率B₃	0.069
	第二产业产值增长率B₄	0.065
	城市化率B₅	0.086

耦合度取值	耦合等级	耦合特征
C=0	最小耦合	系统之间或内部要素之间为无关状态,系统将无序发展
0<C≤0.3	低水平耦合	经济发展水平低,生态系统承载力强
0.3<C≤0.5	拮抗	经济进入快速发展时期,生态承载力下降
0.5<C≤0.8	磨合	经济与生态开始出现良性共振
0.8<C<1	高水平耦合	社会经济与生态相互促进
C=1	最大耦合	耦合度最大,系统之间或系统内部要素之间达到共振耦合,系统趋向新有序结构

耦合等级	生态系统空间结构	生态—社会系统空间结构	社会经济系统结构	空间变化特征
低水平耦合时期（0<C≤0.3）				系统耦合空间被必要基础设施建设,呈割裂趋势
拮抗时期（0.3<C≤0.5）				系统耦合空间被大量建设性破坏,呈破碎化趋势
磨合时期（0.5<C≤0.8）				系统耦合空间被强人工干预修复,呈点状修复趋势
高水平磨合时期（0.8<C<1）				系统耦合空间结合宏观调控,出现新型生态系统“斑块—廊道—基质” 趋势