扎龙湿地丹顶鹤繁殖栖息地的选择及扩散

doi:10.31497/zrzyxb.20210805

自然资源学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (8): 1964-1975.doi: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20210805

• “生态系统评估”专栏 • 上一篇下一篇

扎龙湿地丹顶鹤繁殖栖息地的选择及扩散

宫兆宁¹^,²^,³^,⁴(), 苏朔¹^,²^,³^,⁴, 杜博¹^,²^,³^,⁴, 关晖⁵, 张强⁵

1.首都师范大学资源环境与旅游学院,北京 100048
2.北京水资源安全实验室,北京 100048
3.北京市资源环境与GIS重点实验室,北京 100048
4.北京市城市环境过程与数字模拟国家重点实验室培育基地,北京 100048
5.北京空间飞行器总体设计部,北京 100086

收稿日期:2019-11-08 修回日期:2020-05-11 出版日期:2021-08-28 发布日期:2021-10-28
作者简介:宫兆宁（1976- ）,女,山东青岛人,博士,教授,主要从事湿地生态遥感方面的研究。E-mail: gongzhn@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41971381);北京水务局重点项目(TAHP-2018-ZB-YY-490S)

Habitat selection and dispersal of red-crowned cranes during breeding period in Zhalong Wetland National Nature Reserve

GONG Zhao-ning¹^,²^,³^,⁴(), SU Shuo¹^,²^,³^,⁴, DU Bo¹^,²^,³^,⁴, GUAN Hui⁵, ZHANG Qiang⁵

1. College of Resources Environment & Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
2. Beijing Water Resources Security Laboratory, Beijing 100048, China
3. Key Laboratory of Resources Environment and GIS of Beijing Municipal, Beijing 100048, China
4. Base of the State Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Digital Modeling, Beijing 100048, China
5. Beijing Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing 100086, China

Received:2019-11-08 Revised:2020-05-11 Online:2021-08-28 Published:2021-10-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

景观演变对野生动物栖息地质量和连接度造成的影响,一直是威胁全球生物多样性保护的关键问题,开展扎龙湿地丹顶鹤（Grus japonensis）繁殖栖息地选择及繁殖期生境间的扩散研究,对野生丹顶鹤的保护具有重要的意义。首先利用需要“出现点”的生态位MAXENT模型,进行适宜栖息地选择研究。从水源、食物、干扰、隐蔽物四个方面选择明水面距离、土壤湿度、NDVI、道路距离和居民地距离五个环境变量作为丹顶鹤繁殖栖息地选择的影响因子,预测扎龙保护区可供丹顶鹤进行营巢繁殖的栖息地分布,并分析各影响因子的反应曲线。结果显示：丹顶鹤易于选择远离道路和居民地干扰且靠近明水面的区域作为营巢栖息地,栖息地土壤湿度较高并且植被覆盖较多。从MAXENT模型中提取了38个适宜栖息地斑块,基于电路理论模拟丹顶鹤繁殖期失去飞行能力时的多路径扩散,最大电流密度图突出了可能的“夹点”,模拟出具有一定宽度范围的连接区域,可供丹顶鹤在繁殖期间进行扩散。累积电流密度图突出了在维持网络连通性方面起到积极作用的斑块,并进行面积加权来评估适宜栖息地斑块的综合重要性。结果表明,在MAXENT模型预测出的适宜栖息地斑块基础上,考虑丹顶鹤繁殖期的迁移扩散行为,利用累积电流密度面积加权来评估适宜栖息地斑块的综合重要性,得到的适宜性等级更符合丹顶鹤真实巢址的分布。研究成果可为保护区丹顶鹤栖息繁殖生境的恢复和保护提供科学依据。

关键词: 丹顶鹤, 繁殖栖息地选择, 扩散, 最大熵模型, 电路理论, 扎龙湿地自然保护区

Abstract:

The impact of landscape changes on the quality and connectivity of habitats for multiple wildlife species is a global conservation concern. Zhalong Wetland is not only the priority areas of biodiversity conservation in China, but also the largest haibitat in the world with a large number of red-crowned cranes (Grus japonensis) breeding. The red-crowned crane was listed as a globally endangered species by the IUCN Red List of threatened species (IUCN, 2012), which is the umbrella species and the most sensitive biological indicator species of ecological changes in Zhalong Wetland. The selection of breeding habitat and the dispersal between suitable habitats in the study area are of great significance to the protection of wild red-crowned cranes. Firstly five variables (distance to water, soil wetness, NDVI, distance to roads and distance to buildings) were derived, which was hypothesized to influence the quality of habitat for red-crowned cranes according to the actual investigation within an area encompassing the entire Zhalong Nature Reserve. The MAXENT model was used to predict the suitable habitat distribution of red-crowned crane and analyze the response curve of each factor. The results showed that the red-crowned cranes were more likely to inhabit far away from roads and residents, and the breeding habitat might be close to water with more vegetation in a higher soil moisture condition. Finally, 38 suitable habitat patches were extracted from MAXENT model to simulate the multipath dispersal of red-crowned cranes when they lost flight ability based on circuit theory in landscape connectivity. Our map of maximum current flow between patches highlighted the possible pinch points, which can be used for red-crowned cranes moving directly between patch pairs. Current flow summed across all pairs of patches highlighted areas important for keeping the entire network connected. The results show that based on the suitable habitat patches predicted by MaxEnt model, considering the migration and diffusion behavior of the red-crowned crane in the breeding period, the comprehensive importance of the suitable habitat patches is evaluated by using the area weighting of the cumulative current density, and the suitability level is more consistent with the real nest distribution of the red-crowned cranes. Map results can be used to support the planning efforts concerned with the maintenance of red-crowned cranes metapopulation structure, as well as to protect the landscape features that facilitate the dispersal process.

Key words: red-crowned crane, habitat selection during breeding period, dispersal, MAXENT Model, circuit theory, Zhalong Wetland National Nature Reserve

宫兆宁, 苏朔, 杜博, 关晖, 张强. 扎龙湿地丹顶鹤繁殖栖息地的选择及扩散[J]. 自然资源学报, 2021, 36(8): 1964-1975.

GONG Zhao-ning, SU Shuo, DU Bo, GUAN Hui, ZHANG Qiang. Habitat selection and dispersal of red-crowned cranes during breeding period in Zhalong Wetland National Nature Reserve[J]. JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES, 2021, 36(8): 1964-1975.

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名词	生态学解释
电阻	与生态学中景观阻力概念相似,电阻阻值越大,景观对物种扩散的阻碍能力越强
电压	用来预测物种离开任意一个焦点并成功到达下一个给定焦点的可能概率
电流	表示物种在运动过程中沿某一路径扩散的概率
电源	表示物种进行扩散过程前的种群数量
接地	表示物种在某一焦点停留,不继续扩散过程

土地覆被类型	阻力值
芦苇沼泽	1
明水面	10
草地	25
盐碱地	50
耕地	75
建筑道路用地	Infinite

扎龙湿地丹顶鹤繁殖栖息地的选择及扩散

Habitat selection and dispersal of red-crowned cranes during breeding period in Zhalong Wetland National Nature Reserve

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