自然资源学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (7): 1684-1699.doi: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20210705
收稿日期:
2021-02-16
修回日期:
2021-04-09
出版日期:
2021-07-28
发布日期:
2021-09-28
通讯作者:
彭红松(1988-),男,安徽宿松人,博士,硕士生导师,研究方向为区域旅游环境影响。E-mail: penghongsongahsd@163.com作者简介:
钟士恩(1983-),男,山东滕州人,博士,副教授,硕士生导师,研究方向为儿童和家庭旅游、主题公园、遗产旅游等。E-mail: fgh1475@163.com
基金资助:
ZHONG Shi-en(), LU Wen-bin, PENG Hong-song(
), DAI Shu-qi
Received:
2021-02-16
Revised:
2021-04-09
Online:
2021-07-28
Published:
2021-09-28
摘要:
红色旅游资源利用需要重视儿童群体,强化儿童话语转换。采用妈妈语式访谈法、座谈访谈法、田野调查以及二手数据收集等多种方法,阐释儿童红色旅游的地方经验图式:(1)儿童认为红色旅游是以学校组织为主的、前往神圣/庄严的地方进行参观/仪式的研学旅行。雨花台不是一个“玩”的地方,而是美丽的风景空间、真实的历史空间和红色的神圣空间。(2)儿童认为“爱国主义=烈士精神+国家认同+信仰传承”;儿童对烈士产生了祖先崇拜的意识,并认为好好学习是对烈士最好的回报。(3)雨花台烈士陵园的解说词设计、小小讲解员及暑期夏令营、金牌讲解员进课堂等爱教活动设计,对于红色旅游资源利用如何强化儿童爱国主义教育具有启示意义。
钟士恩, 陆文镔, 彭红松, 戴舒琪. 红领巾儿童对红色旅游资源与爱国主义的认知——雨花台烈士陵园案例实证及启示[J]. 自然资源学报, 2021, 36(7): 1684-1699.
ZHONG Shi-en, LU Wen-bin, PENG Hong-song, DAI Shu-qi. Red scarf children's cognition of red tourism resources and patriotism: Evidence from Yuhuatai Revolutionary Martyrs Memorial Area in Nanjing[J]. JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES, 2021, 36(7): 1684-1699.
表1
儿童访谈提纲
编码 | 访谈问题 |
---|---|
Q1 | 你为什么来雨花台玩啊? |
Q2 | 来雨花台你都玩了什么呀? |
Q3 | 你觉得雨花台是个什么样的地方?(和你之前玩的其他地方有什么不一样?) |
Q4 | 你对雨花台哪里印象/记忆最深刻?(故事、烈士、建筑物、风景、图像、影片?为什么?) |
Q5 | 看了纪念碑和纪念馆,你有什么想法?(最小的烈士才16岁,你觉得他们为什么牺牲?) |
Q6 | 通过雨花台,你学习到了什么?(你以后打算怎么做?) |
Q7 | 雨花台是全国红色旅游经典景区,那你觉得什么是红色旅游? |
Q8 | 你认为,什么是爱国(主义)?(你觉得雨花台有没有加强你的爱国主义?) |
Q9 | 你喜不喜欢雨花台?(为什么?) |
Q10 | 你愿不愿意再来雨花台玩?(或者你愿不愿意推荐其他小朋友来雨花台玩?) |
表2
人工编码表
访谈 问题 | 主题叙事内容 | 总人数(N=131) | 高年级 (N=100) | 低年级 (N=31) | 学校组织(N=74) | 家庭出游(N=57) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Q1 | 1. 学校组织的研学旅游 | 55.7 | 65.0 | 25.8 | 89.2 | |
2. 这里好看,好玩 | 20.6 | 14.0 | 41.9 | 6.8 | 38.6 | |
3. 和家人一起出来玩 | 15.3 | 13.0 | 22.6 | 33.3 | ||
4. 纪念烈士 | 11.5 | 13.0 | 6.5 | 9.5 | 14.0 | |
5. 散步/闲逛/放松 | 5.3 | 3.0 | 12.9 | 0.0 | 12.3 | |
Q2 | 1. 看纪念碑 | 66.4 | 70.0 | 54.8 | 74.3 | 56.1 |
2. 参观纪念馆 | 41.2 | 37.0 | 54.8 | 43.2 | 38.6 | |
3. 看烈士雕塑、忠魂亭、倒影池等 | 16.8 | 14.0 | 25.8 | 10.8 | 24.6 | |
4. 献花/默哀/拍照等仪式 | 11.5 | 14.0 | 3.2 | 17.6 | 3.5 | |
5. 玩游乐场、看红领巾广场、买雨花石等 | 11.5 | 11.0 | 12.9 | 6.8 | 17.5 | |
Q3 | 1. 神圣/庄严/壮观 | 34.4 | 36.0 | 29.0 | 40.5 | 26.3 |
2. 气氛庄重严肃,让人敬畏/悲伤 | 29.0 | 32.0 | 19.4 | 37.8 | 17.5 | |
3. 祭祀/纪念/缅怀烈士 | 28.2 | 30.0 | 22.6 | 24.3 | 40.4 | |
4. 好看/好玩 | 26.7 | 22.0 | 41.9 | 20.3 | 35.1 | |
5. 学习革命历史/烈士事迹与精神/爱国主义 | 16.8 | 20.0 | 6.5 | 21.6 | 8.8 | |
Q4 | 1. 纪念碑 | 42.7 | 49.0 | 22.6 | 50.0 | 33.3 |
2. 烈士的事迹与精神 | 19.8 | 18.0 | 25.8 | 18.9 | 21.1 | |
3. 烈士雕塑 | 16.8 | 18.0 | 12.9 | 21.6 | 10.5 | |
4. 纪念馆 | 13.0 | 14.0 | 9.7 | 14.9 | 10.5 | |
5. 美丽的风景/花卉/雨花石 | 12.2 | 9.0 | 22.6 | 13.5 | 10.5 | |
Q5 | 1. 烈士们很伟大,我们要记住他们 | 61.1 | 64.0 | 51.6 | 63.5 | 57.9 |
2. 为国争光/保护国家/爱国主义 | 39.7 | 40.0 | 38.7 | 51.4 | 24.6 | |
3. 热爱和平,珍惜现在的美好生活 | 15.3 | 15.0 | 16.1 | 18.9 | 10.5 | |
4. 好好学习,天天向上 | 6.1 | 6.0 | 6.5 | 9.5 | 1.8 | |
Q6 | 1. 学习烈士伟大的精神,以他们为榜样 | 38.2 | 39.0 | 35.5 | 37.8 | 38.6 |
2. 热爱/报效/保卫祖国,为祖国作贡献/争光 | 37.4 | 41.0 | 25.8 | 41.9 | 31.6 | |
3. 好好学习,天天向上 | 29.0 | 32.0 | 19.4 | 40.5 | 14.0 | |
4. 从小事做起力所能及(热爱生活/生命,孝敬父母,尊敬师长,关爱同学,保护环境等) | 9.9 | 10.0 | 9.7 | 10.8 | 8.8 | |
Q7 | 1. 联想到革命、鲜血、红领巾、国旗、共产党 | 36.6 | 39.0 | 29.0 | 40.5 | 31.6 |
2. 祭祀/纪念/缅怀烈士 | 32.1 | 37.0 | 16.1 | 31.1 | 33.3 | |
3. 象征爱国精神 | 9.2 | 11.0 | 3.2 | 1.5 | 3.5 | |
4. 前往神圣、庄重、有重要意义的地方 | 6.9 | 6.0 | 9.7 | 6.8 | 7.0 | |
5. 红色旅游活动(纪念馆、纪念碑、仪式等) | 4.6 | 5.0 | 3.3 | 2.7 | 7.1 | |
访谈 问题 | 主题叙事内容 | 总人数(N=131) | 高年级 (N=100) | 低年级 (N=31) | 学校组织(N=74) | 家庭出游(N=57) |
Q8 | 1. 热爱/保卫/报效/建设祖国,为国家作贡献 | 79.4 | 79.0 | 80.6 | 86.5 | 70.2 |
2. 从小事做起力所能及(热爱生活/劳动,遵纪守法,保护环境,文明礼貌,唱国歌升国旗) | 27.5 | 29.0 | 22.6 | 24.3 | 31.6 | |
3. 加强了我的爱国主义意识 | 25.2 | 26.0 | 22.6 | 32.4 | 15.8 | |
4. 好好学习,天天向上 | 16.8 | 15.0 | 22.6 | 24.3 | 12.3 | |
Q9 | 1. 喜欢 | 85.5 | 85.0 | 87.1 | 87.8 | 86.0 |
2. 学习烈士伟大的精神 | 33.6 | 38.0 | 19.4 | 41.9 | 22.8 | |
3. 这里好看/好玩 | 25.2 | 19.0 | 45.2 | 14.9 | 38.6 | |
4. 这里氛围神圣、壮观,能够看到雕塑、纪念碑、长明灯、烈士物品等平时看不到的东西 | 11.5 | 11.0 | 12.9 | 13.5 | 8.8 | |
5. 能够激励我好好学习,增强了爱国主义意识 | 7.6 | 8.0 | 6.5 | 10.8 | 3.5 | |
Q10 | 1. 愿意推荐 | 92.4 | 91.0 | 96.8 | 91.9 | 93.0 |
2. 学习烈士伟大的精神 | 27.5 | 30.0 | 19.4 | 36.5 | 15.8 | |
3. 这里非常有教育意义,体会爱国主义 | 13.0 | 15.0 | 6.5 | 20.3 | 3.5 | |
4. 这里好看/好玩 | 6.9 | 5.0 | 12.9 | 4.1 | 10.5 |
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