红色旅游资源地游客国家认同的影响因素与多元路径研究——基于模糊集定性比较分析

doi:10.31497/zrzyxb.20210703

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

红色旅游资源及其开发具有个体和群体意义,是国家认同实现的重要途径。采用多变量交互作用的模糊集定性比较分析方法,以游客国家认同为结果变量,构建社会记忆（人物记忆、环境记忆、时间记忆、空间记忆）、景区形象（吸引物形象、设施环境形象、文创宣传形象）、旅游体验、感知价值为前因变量,探索影响国家认同的前因条件组合与多元路径。研究结果表明：（1）对于单项因素来说,虽然人物记忆的一致性相对较高,但所有单因素都无法构成国家认同的充要条件。（2）9个变量共产生512种条件组合,满足条件的路径组合共11条,总体覆盖率为0.8916,构成了空间环境模式、形象价值模式、历史体验模式和时间综合模式四大类路径模式。（3）人物记忆出现在所有路径组合中,且所有组合同时包含至少一个社会记忆下的其他的二级维度,例如环境、时间或空间记忆。当社会记忆的四个二级维度全部出现时,产生了原始覆盖率最高的路径组合。（4）在原始覆盖率大于20%的6条路径中,都同时包含社会记忆和景区形象中的二级要素;在原始覆盖率小于20%的5条路径中,皆“一定不包含”设施环境形象。本文为红色旅游目的地在新格局下的高质量发展提供了理论参照。

关键词: 红色旅游, 国家认同, 组态视角, 多元路径, 定性比较分析

Abstract:

The development of red tourism resources has both individual and group significance. It is an important way to realize national identity. This study adopts the method of multi-variable interaction fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis, takes the national identity of tourists as the result variable, constructs social memory (character memory, environmental memory, time memory, spatial memory), scenic image (attraction image, facility environment image, cultural and creative publicity image), tourism experience and perceived value as the antecedent variables, and explores the combination of antecedents conditions and multiple paths that affect national identity. The results show that: (1) For single factor, although the consistency of character memory is relatively high, all single factors can not constitute the necessary and sufficient conditions of national identity. (2) There are 512 condition combinations generated by 9 variables; there are 11 path combinations that meet the conditions, with an overall coverage rate of 0.8916; 4 pathways have formed, namely, space environmental model, image value model, history experience model and time synthesis model, which can well explain the combination of influencing factors of national identity in red tourism destination. (3) Character memory appears in all path combinations, and all the combinations contain at least one other secondary dimension of social memory, such as environment, time, or spatial memory. When all the four secondary dimensions of social memory appear, the path with the highest original coverage rate is produced. (4) In the six paths with the original coverage rate of more than 20%, the secondary elements of social memory and the image of scenic spots are included at the same time; in the five paths with the original coverage rate of lower than 20%, the image of facilities and environment is "definitely not included". The research offers reference for the high-quality development of red tourism destinations in the New Era.

Key words: red tourism, national identity, configuration perspective, multiple paths, qualitative comparative analysis

张圆刚, 刘鲁. 红色旅游资源地游客国家认同的影响因素与多元路径研究——基于模糊集定性比较分析[J]. 自然资源学报, 2021, 36(7): 1658-1672.

ZHANG Yuan-gang, LIU Lu. Research on the influencing factors of national identity of red tourism resource destination from the perspective of configuration and multiple paths: Based on the fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis[J]. JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES, 2021, 36(7): 1658-1672.

图/表 7

图1

表1

表2

变量分析结果

变量	题项	标准化因子负荷	Cronbach's α	CR	AVE
吸引物形象	革命遗迹、遗物、遗物的保存和维护完好	0.852	0.917	0.937	0.750
	爱国主义教育示范作用达到充分体现	0.866
	丰富的红色旅游特色体验活动	0.877
	红色经典事迹的宣传讲解富有感染力	0.882
	景区的自然环境条件较好	0.852
设施环境形象	该景区提供相关特色餐饮	0.923	0.949	0.963	0.868
	该景区住宿环境良好	0.941
	该景区可达性及内部交通情况良好	0.930
	该景区设施服务管理良好	0.933
文创宣传形象	独特多样的旅游产品和纪念产品	0.902	0.950	0.961	0.833
	文创纪念产品具有品牌创意和收藏价值	0.943
	文创产品具有较高的性价比和实用性	0.899
	丰富的红色旅游宣传品	0.906
	红色旅游宣传信息多渠道传播	0.913
景区形象	吸引物形象	0.935	0.927	0.954	0.872
	设施环境形象	0.937
	文创宣传形象	0.930
人物记忆	到这里主要是来瞻仰、缅怀革命烈士的	0.866	0.923	0.946	0.813
	使我更能读懂20世纪中国发生的巨变	0.894
	让我想到革命烈士抛头颅,洒热血的场景	0.935
	让我想到革命烈士做出的伟大贡献	0.910
时间记忆	让我联想到革命烈士当年奋斗的历程	0.920	0.936	0.955	0.840
	让我想到20世纪前半叶黑暗的中国	0.882
	让我回忆起一些革命影视作品和历史事件	0.935
变量	题项	标准化因子负荷	Cronbach's α	CR	AVE
	让我想起长辈讲述过的关于革命烈士的事情	0.929
环境记忆	氛围使革命烈士的人物形象在我心中更加丰富	0.913	0.914	0.940	0.796
	这里的环境与我在电视剧电影中看到的相似	0.816
	这里的环境、文物等更容易激发我的视觉记忆	0.913
	这里环境的文化属性让我感受到革命的情怀	0.922
空间记忆	建筑布局使我更了解当时生活的状况	0.949	0.955	0.967	0.880
	建筑布局是我认识、回忆当时情况的关键点	0.950
	建筑布局与我了解的基本一致	0.948
	建筑布局的塑造更容易激发我情感上的共鸣	0.905
社会记忆	人物记忆	0.922	0.951	0.964	0.871
	时间记忆	0.935
	环境记忆	0.938
	空间记忆	0.937
感知价值	此次红色旅游活动寓教于乐	0.895	0.956	0.963	0.764
	此次旅游让我体验到了当年的革命生活	0.854
	此次旅游丰富了我的革命历史知识	0.895
	此次旅游性价比较高	0.841
	此次旅游加强了我对红色文化的认同	0.905
	此次旅游使我受到了爱国主义教育	0.866
	此次旅游促使我自觉传承了革命精神	0.891
	此次旅游让我心情愉悦	0.843
旅游体验	景区有良好的教育功能	0.903	0.905	0.931	0.771
	与其他景区相比,本景区有独特之处	0.882
	景区比较真实地还原了历史场景	0.806
	通过景区游览您能获取到一些新知识	0.918
国家认同	作为一个中国人,我感到很自豪	0.965	0.967	0.979	0.938
	我为中国拥有悠久的历史和璀璨的文化而骄傲	0.975
	每当升国旗奏国歌时我总是觉得这一刻很庄严	0.966

表2

表3

表4

表5

图2

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变量	类别	数量/个	百分比/%	变量	类别	数量/个	百分比/%
性别	男	87	52.1	职业	公务员	32	19.2
	女	80	47.9		企事业工作人员	42	25.1
年龄/岁	≤30	32	19.2		专业/文教人员	55	32.9
	31~40	36	21.6		服务销售人员	23	13.8
	41~50	43	25.7		其他	15	9.0
	>50	56	33.5	月薪/元	≤2000	22	13.2
教育程度	高中及以下	59	35.3		2001~5000	40	24.0
	专科	39	23.4		5001~7000	52	31.1
	本科	47	28.1		7001~10000	36	21.6
	硕士及以上	22	13.2		>10000	17	10.1

变量	一致性	覆盖率
吸引物形象	0.639229	0.797595
设施环境形象	0.619153	0.814580
文创宣传形象	0.576089	0.884284
人物记忆	0.812989	0.771701
时间记忆	0.666834	0.824398
环境记忆	0.742120	0.819441
空间记忆	0.647761	0.827202
感知价值	0.560931	0.827729
旅游体验	0.630596	0.844355

序号	组合	原始覆盖率	净覆盖率	一致性
1	~吸引物形象人物记忆文创宣传形象设施环境形象设施环境形象旅游体验空间记忆	0.230677	0.0121462	0.973729
2	人物记忆文创宣传形象感知价值设施环境形象旅游体验时间记忆空间记忆	0.31841	0.0636418	0.948281
3	~吸引物形象人物记忆感知价值~设施环境形象~设施环境形象~旅游体验时间记忆*~空间记忆	0.192833	0.00311178	0.925337
4	吸引物形象人物记忆~文创宣传形象感知价值~设施环境形象设施环境形象~时间记忆*空间记忆	0.19735	0.00542068	0.966568
5	吸引物形象人物记忆~文创宣传形象~设施环境形象设施环境形象~旅游体验时间记忆*空间记忆	0.217426	0.00471801	0.967396
6	人物记忆~文创宣传形象~感知价值设施环境形象设施环境形象~旅游体验时间记忆*空间记忆	0.223349	0.00351334	0.984078
7	吸引物形象人物记忆文创宣传形象感知价值设施环境形象设施环境形象旅游体验*~时间记忆	0.212106	0.00672555	0.967934
8	吸引物形象人物记忆文创宣传形象感知价值设施环境形象设施环境形象~旅游体验*时间记忆	0.233086	0.0183699	0.964286
9	吸引物形象人物记忆文创宣传形象感知价值~设施环境形象设施环境形象旅游体验*时间记忆	0.194539	0.00271028	0.939409
10	~吸引物形象人物记忆~文创宣传形象~感知价值~设施环境形象设施环境形象旅游体验时间记忆空间记忆	0.19745	0.00471795	0.970879
11	吸引物形象人物记忆~文创宣传形象~感知价值~设施环境形象~设施环境形象时间记忆*~空间记忆	0.191929	0.00361377	0.935421
总体一致性：1
总体覆盖率：0.89163