农村居民点多功能空间格局与协调性优化模式

doi:10.31497/zrzyxb.20210310

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着城乡融合发展和农户需求的不断提高,探讨农村居民点多功能及其协调关系,是推进农村人居环境整治和乡村振兴的重要依据。以山东省王村镇为例,基于“识别—诊断—优化”的逻辑思路,从生活—生产—生态角度构建农村居民点多功能评价指标体系,利用空间自相关、协调度和障碍诊断等模型,剖析农村居民点多功能空间格局、协调关系及其障碍因子,进而提出农村居民点多功能提升与协调的优化模式。研究发现：（1）王村镇农村居民点总体上呈现出“生产功能较好,生活功能一般,生态功能较差”的特征,且不同功能具有显著的空间异质性;（2）王村镇农村居民点“三生”功能整体协调性相对较高,但协调类型存在明显的复杂性和不均衡性;（3）王村镇农村居民点“三生”功能协调性障碍因素表现为大体相似且个别村庄无障碍性,用地强度、交通条件、资源禀赋、基础设施建设和生态环境状况是农村居民点多功能高强度协调的主要障碍因素;（4）基于障碍因子组合提出的农村居民点多功能协调性优化模式,为可持续性乡村发展提供理论借鉴。

关键词: 农村居民点, 多功能, 空间格局, 协调性, 优化模式, 王村镇

Abstract:

With the integration of urban and rural development and the increasing demand of rural households, it is important to improve rural living environments and implement the rural revitalization strategy for the coordination of multifunction of rural settlements. We selected Wangcun town of Shandong province as the study area. This paper, based on the "identification-diagnosis-optimization" logical thinking, builds an evaluation index system of multifunction of rural settlements from the perspective of living-production-ecological function, and uses the spatial auto-correlation, coordination degree and disorder diagnosis model to analyze the spatial pattern, coordination and obstacle factors of multifunction of rural settlements. Then it establishes a promotion and coordination optimization model of multifunction of rural settlements. The results show that: (1) The overall performance of the surveyed rural settlements in Wangcun town is good in production function, average in living function, but poor in ecological function. Different functions have significant spatial heterogeneity. (2) The overall coordination of living-production-ecological function of rural settlements in the town of Wang village is relatively high, but the coordination type is obviously complicated and unbalanced. (3) The living-production-ecological function coordination-obstacle factors of multifunction of rural settlements in Wangcun Town are generally similar and have no barriers in individual villages. Land use intensity, traffic conditions, resource endowment, infrastructure construction and ecological environment are the main obstacles to high-intensity coordination of multifunction of rural settlements. (4) Based on the combination of obstacle factors, the coordination optimization model of multifunction of rural settlements is proposed, which provides a theoretical reference for sustainable rural development.

Key words: rural settlements, multifunction, spatial pattern, coordination, optimization mode, Wangcun town

曲衍波, 刘敏, 朱伟亚, 展凌云, 平宗莉. 农村居民点多功能空间格局与协调性优化模式[J]. 自然资源学报, 2021, 36(3): 659-673.

QU Yan-bo, LIU Min, ZHU Wei-ya, ZHAN Ling-yun, PING Zong-li. Spatial pattern and coordination optimization mode of multifunction of rural settlements[J]. JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES, 2021, 36(3): 659-673.

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目标层	准则层	指标层	指标计算方法与说明	单位	指标属性
生活功能LF	生活居住LFr	居住用地面积比例r₁	居住用地面积/该村总土地面积	%	+
		户均宅基地r₂	宅基地面积/村内总户数	亩/户	+
	生活保障LFs	交通用地密度s₁	村内交通用地面积/该村总土地面积	%	+
		城乡居民养老参保率s₂	参加城乡居民养老保险人口数/该村人口总数	%	+
		新农合参合率s₃	参加新农合人口数/该村人口总数	%	+
		公共服务设施完善度s₄	X=N/7,N为卫生室、学校、健身场所、集贸市场、储蓄所、文化站、公共浴室所拥有的数量	%	+
生产功能PF	农业生产功能PFa	人均耕地面积a₁	耕地面积/该村人口总数	亩/人	+
		农田水利设施用地面积比例a₂	村内用于灌溉的坑塘、水库等用地面积/该村总土地面积	%	+
	非农业生产功能PFna	非农人口比例 na₁	从事非农人口/村内总人口	%	+
		非农业收入比例 na₂	居民非农业生产收入/居民总收入	%	+
		非农业用地面积比例na₃	工业、商业、服务业等用地面积/该村总土地面积	%	+
生态功能EF	环境维护 EFm	生态设施完善度m₁	X=N/3,N为是否进行生活污水集中处理、垃圾集中处理、厕所改造;是1,否0	%	+
		化肥施用强度m₂	化肥施用的耕地面积/耕地总面积	%	+
		月均生活垃圾产生量m₃	生活垃圾产生量/月数	%	-
	生态保育EFc	人均绿地面积c₁	绿地占地面积/总人口数	%	+
		地均生态服务价值c₂	生态服务价值总量/该村总土地面积	元/hm²	+

指标		取值范围	变异系数/%	容差	VIF	权重值
LF	r₁	[0.01, 0.18]	50.54	0.15	6.70	0.23
	r₂	[0.11, 1.72]	51.08	0.16	6.09	0.25
	s₁	[0.03, 1.00]	75.68	0.51	1.97	0.36
	s₂	[0.25, 0.53]	15.39	0.37	2.73	0.06
	s₃	[0.29, 0.94]	24.04	0.62	1.61	0.06
	s₄	[0.14, 0.57]	11.92	0.40	2.47	0.04
PF	a₁	[0.53, 3.12]	45.91	0.25	3.96	0.28
	a₂	[0.02, 0.16]	53.40	0.68	1.47	0.25
	na₁	[0.35, 0.80]	15.60	0.54	1.56	0.16
	na₂	[0.38, 0.75]	12.79	0.60	1.67	0.10
	na₃	[0.02, 0.06]	30.62	0.85	1.18	0.21
EF	m₁	[0.33, 1.00]	40.65	0.68	1.48	0.08
	m₂	[0.30, 0.91]	24.35	0.47	2.12	0.14
	m₃	[1.00, 150.00]	12.03	0.70	1.43	0.03
	c₁	[0.02, 2.09]	10.66	0.34	2.93	0.52
	c₂	[7523.28, 28593.48]	32.71	0.56	1.78	0.23