自然资源学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (2): 490-500.doi: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20210217
收稿日期:
2019-06-05
修回日期:
2019-11-20
出版日期:
2021-02-28
发布日期:
2021-04-28
通讯作者:
许有鹏
E-mail:caiyu615@163.com;xuyp305@163.com
作者简介:
周才钰(1996- ),女,陕西汉中人,硕士,研究方向为水文水资源学。E-mail: 基金资助:
ZHOU Cai-yu(), XU You-peng(
), LIU Peng-fei, WANG Qiang, WANG Jie
Received:
2019-06-05
Revised:
2019-11-20
Online:
2021-02-28
Published:
2021-04-28
Contact:
XU You-peng
E-mail:caiyu615@163.com;xuyp305@163.com
摘要:
不同土地利用类型下土壤水变化机制对流域水文过程与生态环境有较大影响。基于我国东部湿润区野外综合观测土壤墒情数据,探讨了不同土地利用类型下土壤水的动态变化特征。结果表明:(1)总体上,杨梅林土壤含水量在32%~37%之间波动;农田土壤含水量在20%~30%波动。坡耕地土壤含水量稳定在27%~35%之间;竹林土层土壤含水量大致稳定在25%~32%之间。垂直剖面上,表层(10 cm、20 cm)土壤水分变化大,深层(60~80 cm)土壤水分变化较小。表层土壤水分时间变化特征的波动幅度较深层土壤大。(2)不同降雨强度下,竹林土壤水分对降雨的响应程度大于杨梅林、农田和坡耕地。降雨强度越大,土壤水分响应程度越大;降雨停止后,土壤水分消退起伏下降,深层土壤水分变化较表层稳定。(3)通过增墒系数和减墒系数对土壤水分变化进行量化,发现竹林的消退最明显,其余三种土地利用类型变化幅度相当。杨梅林、农田和竹林均是表层变化较深层大,坡耕地变化更为复杂。研究结果将为我国东部湿润地区产汇流机理及防洪减灾研究提供一定参考。
周才钰, 许有鹏, 刘鹏飞, 王强, 王杰. 东部湿润区典型小流域土地利用的土壤水效应[J]. 自然资源学报, 2021, 36(2): 490-500.
ZHOU Cai-yu, XU You-peng, LIU Peng-fei, WANG Qiang, WANG Jie. Effect of land use types on soil moisture in typical small watershed of humid region of Eastern China[J]. JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES, 2021, 36(2): 490-500.
表1
研究区土壤基本特征"
土地利用类型/cm | 土壤粒径d/% | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
d≤2 μm | 2 μm<d≤20 μm | 20 μm<d≤200 μm | d>200 μm | ||
杨梅林 | 剖面0~20 | 18.61 | 37.82 | 19.21 | 24.36 |
剖面20~40 | 23.80 | 48.43 | 21.29 | 6.48 | |
剖面40以下 | 8.48 | 16.96 | 15.52 | 59.05 | |
农田 | 剖面0~20 | 13.01 | 46.34 | 27.33 | 13.33 |
剖面20~40 | 15.31 | 41.88 | 25.51 | 17.30 | |
剖面40以下 | 13.06 | 48.23 | 22.40 | 16.31 | |
坡耕地 | 剖面0~20 | 12.74 | 44.03 | 28.81 | 14.42 |
剖面20~40 | 12.03 | 47.64 | 31.16 | 9.17 | |
剖面40以下 | 11.94 | 35.07 | 25.97 | 27.02 | |
竹林 | 剖面0~20 | 13.78 | 49.83 | 29.14 | 7.25 |
剖面20~40 | 14.24 | 52.57 | 27.06 | 6.12 | |
剖面40以下 | 14.20 | 50.48 | 25.81 | 9.51 |
表2
不同土地利用类型土壤含水量变化的剖面分布"
土层深度/cm | 平均含水量/% | 离差系数Cv | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
10 | 20 | 40 | 60 | 80 | 10 | 20 | 40 | 60 | 80 | ||
杨梅林 | 31.5 | 32.5 | 35.2 | 34.0 | 38.3 | 0.088 | 0.082 | 0.058 | 0.059 | 0.049 | |
农田 | 30.0 | 28.9 | 17.7 | 27.6 | 36.9 | 0.121 | 0.068 | 0.095 | 0.060 | 0.041 | |
坡耕地 | 26.7 | 34.6 | 31.7 | 26.1 | 34.1 | 0.130 | 0.090 | 0.081 | 0.057 | 0.071 | |
竹林 | 31.4 | 28.5 | 28.5 | 24.6 | 26.1 | 0.157 | 0.114 | 0.083 | 0.105 | 0.104 |
表3
不同土地利用类型土壤水分在不同降雨强度下的Cv变化值"
土地利用类型 | 降雨强度 | 土层深度/cm | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
10 | 20 | 40 | 60 | 80 | ||
杨梅林 | 大暴雨 | 0.0974 | 0.1145 | 0.0840 | 0.0983 | 0.1037 |
暴雨 | 0.0575 | 0.0465 | 0.0356 | 0.0516 | 0.0161 | |
大雨 | 0.0301 | 0.0289 | 0.0328 | 0.0397 | 0.0221 | |
农田 | 大暴雨 | 0.0789 | 0.0641 | 0.1099 | 0.0717 | 0.0342 |
暴雨 | 0.0630 | 0.0420 | 0.0896 | 0.0631 | 0.0077 | |
大雨 | 0.0681 | 0.0459 | 0.0925 | 0.0759 | 0.0367 | |
坡耕地 | 大暴雨 | 0.0649 | 0.0513 | 0.0656 | 0.0794 | 0.0629 |
暴雨 | 0.0392 | 0.0337 | 0.0448 | 0.0370 | 0.0312 | |
大雨 | 0.0583 | 0.0457 | 0.0623 | 0.0639 | 0.0828 | |
竹林 | 大暴雨 | 0.1076 | 0.1385 | 0.1515 | 0.2061 | 0.1886 |
暴雨 | 0.0657 | 0.0429 | 0.0552 | 0.0454 | 0.0789 | |
大雨 | 0.0874 | 0.0909 | 0.1388 | 0.1712 | 0.0327 |
表4
不同降雨强度下土壤水分的响应与消退变化情况"
土地利用类型 | 降雨强度 | K1变化最小值 | K1变化最大值 | K2变化最小值 | K2变化最大值 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
杨梅林 | 大暴雨 | 1.113 (80) | 1.246 (20) | 0.990 (80) | 0.951 (20) |
暴雨 | 1.006 (80) | 1.206 (20) | 0.990 (80) | 0.944 (20) | |
大雨 | 1.027 (80) | 1.109 (60) | 0.980 (80) | 0.964 (60) | |
农田 | 大暴雨 | 1.019 (80) | 1.172 (40) | 0.990 (80) | 0.965 (40) |
暴雨 | 1.009 (80) | 1.159 (40) | 0.995 (80) | 0.944 (40) | |
大雨 | 1.039 (80) | 1.231 (40) | 0.981 (80) | 0.937 (40) | |
坡耕地 | 大暴雨 | 1.080 (80) | 1.135 (60) | 0.990 (80) | 0.979 (60) |
暴雨 | 1.019 (80) | 1.083 (40) | 0.983 (80) | 0.972 (60) | |
大雨 | 1.097 (20) | 1.151 (10) | 0.975 (60) | 0.954 (10) | |
竹林 | 大暴雨 | 1.197 (10) | 1.387 (80) | 0.980 (40) | 0.939 (80) |
暴雨 | 1.072 (40) | 1.265 (80) | 0.971 (40) | 0.924 (80) | |
大雨 | 1.024 (80) | 1.308 (40) | 0.979 (80) | 0.936 (40) |
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