自然资源学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (2): 420-434.doi: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20210212
收稿日期:
2019-06-20
修回日期:
2019-08-21
出版日期:
2021-02-28
发布日期:
2021-04-28
作者简介:
刘大鹏(1977- ),男,内蒙古通辽人,硕士,讲师,研究方向为城市基础设施空间优化、城乡规划与设计。E-mail: 基金资助:
LIU Da-peng(), MA Bin, WANG Yue
Received:
2019-06-20
Revised:
2019-08-21
Online:
2021-02-28
Published:
2021-04-28
摘要:
城市绿色空间是城市生态系统的重要组成部分,与其他类型的城市相比,工业城市生态环境问题相对突显,应更加重视防护型绿色空间网络化布局与建设。2000—2017年间,工业城市包头市区高质量的绿色空间大量被城市建设占用,城市绿色空间破碎化程度加剧,片状和带状绿色空间分布减少,尚未形成绿色空间生态网络体系;随着工业化、城镇化进一步发展,现状绿色空间承担着比以往更大的生态保护和修复压力。根据包头市工业城市防护型绿色空间建设需求性特征,基于隔离/保护理念、弹性理论、GIS空间分析技术等,评估包头市防护绿色空间布局适宜性,进一步结合2017年绿色空间分布特征,对防护绿色空间建设进行优先级分区。结果表明:(1)研究区防护绿色空间布局适宜区449.59 km2,占研究区总面积(629.59 km2)的71.41%,与现状绿色空间覆盖率(44.71%)相比,可增加26.7%的绿色空间覆盖率;(2)适宜区面积内存在较大面积的无绿色空间和低质量绿色空间,分别约占适宜区面积的25.73%、47.64%,防护绿色空间网络化程度低;(3)根据防护绿色空间布局建设分区结果,41.02 km2的区域可考虑优先建设绿地面积。结果可为包头市及同类型城市防护绿色空间布局与建设提供理论和实践参考。
刘大鹏, 马斌, 王悦. 工业城市防护绿色空间布局适宜性评价——以内蒙古包头市为例[J]. 自然资源学报, 2021, 36(2): 420-434.
LIU Da-peng, MA Bin, WANG Yue. Evaluation of the suitability of urban protective green space layout in industrial cities: A case study of Baotou city, Inner Mongolia[J]. JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES, 2021, 36(2): 420-434.
表1
2000—2017年包头市NDVI各等级面积变化"
NDVI 等级 | 2000年 | 2017年 | 差异 | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
面积 /km2 | 累积面积 /km2 | 占比 /% | 累积占比 /% | 面积/km2 | 累积面积 /km2 | 占比 /% | 累积占比 /% | 面积 /km2 | 变化率 /% | |||
>0.6 | 0.27 | 0.27 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.41 | 0.41 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.15 | 54.92 | ||
0.4~0.6 | 38.59 | 38.85 | 6.13 | 6.17 | 19.40 | 19.81 | 3.08 | 3.15 | -19.19 | -49.73 | ||
0.2~0.4 | 98.12 | 136.97 | 15.58 | 21.76 | 67.92 | 87.73 | 10.79 | 13.93 | -30.20 | -30.77 | ||
0~0.2 | 178.52 | 315.50 | 28.36 | 50.11 | 193.75 | 281.48 | 30.77 | 44.71 | 15.22 | 8.53 | ||
无绿色区 | 314.09 | 629.59 | 49.89 | 100.00 | 348.11 | 629.59 | 55.29 | 100.00 | 34.02 | 10.83 |
表2
适宜性评价指标体系"
适宜性因子 | 权重 | 评价指标 | 绿带宽度/m (下限距离~上限距离) | 赋值说明 | 功能 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
工业基地隔离 | 0.2 | 工厂所在地 | 100~200 | 0到下限赋予1,下限到上限距离之间赋值1~0 | 隔离排污区,空气、水源、土壤、噪音净化带 |
污染处理地隔离 | 0.2 | 矿坑处理地、污水处理厂、垃圾处理厂 | 100~200 | ||
城市道路隔离 | 0.1 | 铁路、高速公路 | 40~80 | 防尘、防噪带 | |
一级公路 | 30~60 | 防尘、防噪、游憩绿廊绿带 | |||
三级公路 | 20~40 | ||||
一般公路 | 15~30 | ||||
河、湖水源保护 | 0.2 | 昆都仑河、湖泊、自来水厂区 | 100~200 | 水质净化、水源保护、水源涵养 | |
其他河流 | 40~80 | 水质净化、滨水游憩绿廊 | |||
生物多样性保护 | 0.1 | 风景名胜区、水源保护区、森林公园、生态公益林和其他生态功能较强的区域、公园绿地 | 本体绿化、50~100 | 地类所在地为1,其他区域根据式(1)赋值 | 防灾、保护绿带 |
历史文化保护 | 0.1 | 历史文化保护、文物保护点 | 本体绿化、50~100 | ||
植被保护 | 0.1 | 根据NDVI确定保护区域 | 将NDVI>0.2的区域作为重点保护区,将NDVI在 (0, 0.2] 的区域作为弹性空间 | 将重点保护区域赋值为1,并将NDVI在 (0, 0.2] 之间的区域拉伸到0~1之间 | 对城市现有绿 色空间的维持 和保护 |
表3
绿地空间布局适宜性等级面积统计"
适宜性等级 | 总面积 | 现状绿地NDVI分布特征 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
>0.6 | 0.4~0.6 | 0.2~0.4 | 0~0.2 | 无绿地区 | ||
一级 | 12.23 | 0.02 | 1.34 | 4.29 | 4.87 | 1.70 |
—0.18% | —10.98% | —35.11% | —39.81% | —13.91% | ||
|2.72% | |3.62% | |4.91% | |4.68% | |2.27% | |1.47% | |
二级 | 54.95 | 0.06 | 2.38 | 14.26 | 22.60 | 15.64 |
—0.11% | —4.34% | —25.95% | —41.13% | —28.47% | ||
|12.22% | |9.61% | |8.71% | |15.55% | |10.55% | |13.52% | |
三级 | 143.76 | 0.26 | 10.36 | 33.25 | 55.17 | 44.72 |
—0.18% | —7.21% | —23.13% | —38.37% | —31.11% | ||
|31.98% | |41.21% | |37.86% | |36.25% | |25.75% | |38.66% | |
四级 | 238.65 | 0.28 | 13.28 | 39.91 | 131.56 | 53.62 |
—0.12% | —5.56% | —16.72% | —55.13% | —22.47% | ||
|53.08% | |45.56% | |48.52% | |43.51% | |61.42% | |46.35% | |
总计 | 449.59 | 0.62 | 27.37 | 91.71 | 214.19 | 115.69 |
—0.14% | —6.09% | —20.40% | —47.64% | —25.73% |
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