工业城市防护绿色空间布局适宜性评价——以内蒙古包头市为例

doi:10.31497/zrzyxb.20210212

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

城市绿色空间是城市生态系统的重要组成部分,与其他类型的城市相比,工业城市生态环境问题相对突显,应更加重视防护型绿色空间网络化布局与建设。2000—2017年间,工业城市包头市区高质量的绿色空间大量被城市建设占用,城市绿色空间破碎化程度加剧,片状和带状绿色空间分布减少,尚未形成绿色空间生态网络体系;随着工业化、城镇化进一步发展,现状绿色空间承担着比以往更大的生态保护和修复压力。根据包头市工业城市防护型绿色空间建设需求性特征,基于隔离/保护理念、弹性理论、GIS空间分析技术等,评估包头市防护绿色空间布局适宜性,进一步结合2017年绿色空间分布特征,对防护绿色空间建设进行优先级分区。结果表明：（1）研究区防护绿色空间布局适宜区449.59 km2,占研究区总面积（629.59 km2）的71.41%,与现状绿色空间覆盖率（44.71%）相比,可增加26.7%的绿色空间覆盖率;（2）适宜区面积内存在较大面积的无绿色空间和低质量绿色空间,分别约占适宜区面积的25.73%、47.64%,防护绿色空间网络化程度低;（3）根据防护绿色空间布局建设分区结果,41.02 km2的区域可考虑优先建设绿地面积。结果可为包头市及同类型城市防护绿色空间布局与建设提供理论和实践参考。

关键词: 工业城市, 防护绿色空间, 布局, 适宜性评价, GIS, 包头市

Abstract:

Urban green space is an important part of urban ecological system. Compared with other types of cities, the ecological and environmental problems of industrial cities are prominent. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the network layout and construction of protective green space. From 2000 to 2017, a large amount of high-quality green space in Baotou, an industrial city, was occupied by urban construction. Urban green space was increasingly fragmented with the reduction of patchy and banded green space. A green space ecological network has not yet been formed. With further development of industrialization and urbanization, the current green space bears greater pressure on ecological protection and restoration than ever before. According to the demand characteristics of protective green space construction in Baotou, this paper evaluated the suitability of green space layout in the industrial city based on the isolation and protection concept, resilient theory and GIS spatial analysis technology. On this basis, priority zoning was performed for the green space layout and construction in combination with the spatial distribution characteristics of current green space. The results showed that : (1) The suitable green space layout of the research area was 449.59 km², accounting for 71.41% of the total area of the research area (629.59 km²), which can increase the coverage rate by 26.7% compared with the current green space coverage rate (44.71%). (2) There were large undistributed green space and large area of low-quality green space in the suitable area. About 25.73% of the suitable area was not distributed with green space, and the NDVI value of about 47.64% of the suitable area was between 0 and 0.2. (3) According to the results of green space layout and construction zoning, the area of 41.02 km2 can be given priority to green space construction. The results can provide theoretical and practical reference for the layout and construction of protective green space in Baotou and other similar cities.

Key words: industrial city, protective green space, spatial layout, suitability assessment, GIS, Baotou city

刘大鹏, 马斌, 王悦. 工业城市防护绿色空间布局适宜性评价——以内蒙古包头市为例[J]. 自然资源学报, 2021, 36(2): 420-434.

LIU Da-peng, MA Bin, WANG Yue. Evaluation of the suitability of urban protective green space layout in industrial cities: A case study of Baotou city, Inner Mongolia[J]. JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES, 2021, 36(2): 420-434.

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NDVI 等级	2000年				2017年				差异
NDVI 等级	面积 /km2	累积面积 /km2	占比 /%	累积占比 /%	面积/km2	累积面积 /km2	占比 /%	累积占比 /%	面积 /km2	变化率 /%
>0.6	0.27	0.27	0.04	0.04	0.41	0.41	0.07	0.07	0.15	54.92
0.4~0.6	38.59	38.85	6.13	6.17	19.40	19.81	3.08	3.15	-19.19	-49.73
0.2~0.4	98.12	136.97	15.58	21.76	67.92	87.73	10.79	13.93	-30.20	-30.77
0~0.2	178.52	315.50	28.36	50.11	193.75	281.48	30.77	44.71	15.22	8.53
无绿色区	314.09	629.59	49.89	100.00	348.11	629.59	55.29	100.00	34.02	10.83

适宜性因子	权重	评价指标	绿带宽度/m （下限距离~上限距离）	赋值说明	功能
工业基地隔离	0.2	工厂所在地	100~200	0到下限赋予1,下限到上限距离之间赋值1~0	隔离排污区,空气、水源、土壤、噪音净化带
污染处理地隔离	0.2	矿坑处理地、污水处理厂、垃圾处理厂	100~200
城市道路隔离	0.1	铁路、高速公路	40~80	防尘、防噪带
		一级公路	30~60	防尘、防噪、游憩绿廊绿带
		三级公路	20~40
		一般公路	15~30
河、湖水源保护	0.2	昆都仑河、湖泊、自来水厂区	100~200		水质净化、水源保护、水源涵养
河、湖水源保护		其他河流	40~80	水质净化、滨水游憩绿廊
生物多样性保护	0.1	风景名胜区、水源保护区、森林公园、生态公益林和其他生态功能较强的区域、公园绿地	本体绿化、50~100	地类所在地为1,其他区域根据式（1）赋值	防灾、保护绿带
历史文化保护	0.1	历史文化保护、文物保护点	本体绿化、50~100
植被保护	0.1	根据NDVI确定保护区域	将NDVI>0.2的区域作为重点保护区,将NDVI在 (0, 0.2] 的区域作为弹性空间	将重点保护区域赋值为1,并将NDVI在 (0, 0.2] 之间的区域拉伸到0~1之间	对城市现有绿色空间的维持和保护

适宜性等级	总面积	现状绿地NDVI分布特征
适宜性等级	总面积	>0.6	0.4~0.6	0.2~0.4	0~0.2	无绿地区
一级	12.23	0.02	1.34	4.29	4.87	1.70
		—0.18%	—10.98%	—35.11%	—39.81%	—13.91%
	\|2.72%	\|3.62%	\|4.91%	\|4.68%	\|2.27%	\|1.47%
二级	54.95	0.06	2.38	14.26	22.60	15.64
		—0.11%	—4.34%	—25.95%	—41.13%	—28.47%
	\|12.22%	\|9.61%	\|8.71%	\|15.55%	\|10.55%	\|13.52%
三级	143.76	0.26	10.36	33.25	55.17	44.72
		—0.18%	—7.21%	—23.13%	—38.37%	—31.11%
	\|31.98%	\|41.21%	\|37.86%	\|36.25%	\|25.75%	\|38.66%
四级	238.65	0.28	13.28	39.91	131.56	53.62
		—0.12%	—5.56%	—16.72%	—55.13%	—22.47%
	\|53.08%	\|45.56%	\|48.52%	\|43.51%	\|61.42%	\|46.35%
总计	449.59	0.62	27.37	91.71	214.19	115.69
总计		—0.14%	—6.09%	—20.40%	—47.64%	—25.73%

适宜性等级	现状绿地NDVI等级
适宜性等级	>0.6	0.4~0.6	0.2~0.4	0~0.2	无绿地区
一级	维持区	维持区	提升区	优先建设区	优先建设区
二级	维持区	维持区	提升区	次优先建设区	优先建设区
三级	维持区	维持区	提升区	次优先建设区	优先建设区
四级	维持区	维持区	维持区	提升区	次优先建设区