乡村振兴导向的水土资源承载力评价及其优化

doi:10.31497/zrzyxb.20210203

自然资源学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (2): 300-314.doi: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20210203

乡村振兴导向的水土资源承载力评价及其优化

璩路路¹(), 王永生²^,³, 刘彦随²^,³(), 马晴¹

1.北京师范大学地理科学学部,北京 100875
2.中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,中国科学院区域可持续发展分析与模拟重点实验室,北京 100101
3.中国科学院大学,北京 100049

收稿日期:2019-06-27 修回日期:2019-10-08 出版日期:2021-02-28 发布日期:2021-04-28
通讯作者: 刘彦随 E-mail:qululu91@163.com;liuys@igsnrr.ac.cn
作者简介:璩路路（1991- ）,男,河南孟州人,博士研究生,研究方向为土地利用与城乡发展。E-mail: qululu91@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金重点项目(41931293);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(A类)课题(XDA230703)

Evaluation of water and land resources system bearing capacity and path optimization for rural revitalization

QU Lu-lu¹(), WANG Yong-sheng²^,³, LIU Yan-sui²^,³(), MA Qing¹

1. Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
2. Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2019-06-27 Revised:2019-10-08 Online:2021-02-28 Published:2021-04-28
Contact: LIU Yan-sui E-mail:qululu91@163.com;liuys@igsnrr.ac.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

农牧交错区水土资源系统平衡对于保障区域农牧业发展至关重要。以宁夏盐池县为例,以乡村振兴目标为导向,运用物元模型开展水土资源系统承载潜力评价,揭示影响水土资源系统承载力变化的驱动因素,以及影响水土资源的短缺因素,探讨乡村地域水土资源失衡的区域分异特征,以及经济社会与资源生态双重导向的优化路径。结果表明：（1）盐池县水土资源系统承载力呈叉字型对称空间分布态势,整体承载力处于中等水平,具有较大的开发潜力,其中花马池镇、惠安堡镇的承载能力较高,麻黄山乡、王乐井乡和大水坑镇的水土资源承载力明显较低。（2）盐池县乡村地域水土资源耦合协调差异明显,整体处于拮抗耦合阶段,镇区耦合协调度较高,乡村地区则相对较低。（3）水资源与土地资源利用缺乏同步性,水资源利用滞后地区应选择水资源适应性管控措施和生态保育+水源涵养的山水林田湖综合体构建,土地资源利用滞后地区应结合土地工程治理措施与产业结构调整,推进落实“三主三分”土地资源优化布局。研究结果可为农牧交错区农业转型发展和乡村振兴工程落地提供参考依据。

关键词: 水土资源承载力, 乡村地域系统, 乡村振兴, 人地系统科学, 乡村科学, 盐池县

Abstract:

The balance of water and land resources system in pastoral ecotone is the guarantee for the development of regional farming and animal husbandry. Taking Yanchi county of Ningxia as an example, this paper evaluates the carrying capacity of water and land resources based on matter element model and studies the driving factors affecting the change of carrying capacity of water and land resources, analyses the factors affecting the carrying capacity of water and land resources and their regional differences, and explores the optimization path of dual guidance of economy and society as well as resources and ecology. The results show that: (1) The carrying capacity of water and land resources of Yanchi county presented a symmetrical X-shaped pattern at a medium level and had great potential for development. Huamachi and Huianpu had higher carrying capacity, while Mahuangshan, Wanglejing and Dashuikeng had the lower. (2) There were obvious regional differences in the coupling and coordination of water and land resources in rural areas of Yanchi county in 2018, and the whole study area was in the antagonistic coupling stage. The coupling and coordination degree of towns was relatively high, while that of rural areas was relatively low. (3) There is a lack of synchronization between water resources and land resources utilization. Water resources lagging areas should take water resources adaptive management and control measures and "ecological conservation + water conservation" to protect mountains, rivers, forests, farmlands and lakes in a coordinated way. Land resources utilization lagging areas should actively explore the main function-oriented zoning, dominant type classification and principal purpose classification optimal distribution strategy of land resources in farming and animal husbandry space in combination with land engineering control measures and industrial restructuring. The strategy of synchronous optimization of resources use, ecological protection and socio-economic development based on the balance of water and land resources in rural areas of Yanchi county provides research reference for the development of agricultural transformation and the implementation of rural revitalization program in the pastoral ecotone.

Key words: water and land resources carrying capacity, rural regional system, rural revitalization, human-earth system science, rural science, Yanchi county

璩路路, 王永生, 刘彦随, 马晴. 乡村振兴导向的水土资源承载力评价及其优化[J]. 自然资源学报, 2021, 36(2): 300-314.

QU Lu-lu, WANG Yong-sheng, LIU Yan-sui, MA Qing. Evaluation of water and land resources system bearing capacity and path optimization for rural revitalization[J]. JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES, 2021, 36(2): 300-314.

图/表 10

图1

图2

图3

图4

表1

乡村振兴的水土资源系统承载能力评价指标与评价标准"

系统	准则层	振兴维度	指标层		弱 V级	较弱 IV级	一般 III级	较强 II级	强 I级
水	水资源利用	L	A11	人均供水量/(m³/人)	<200	>200~400	>400~600	>600~800	>800
资源	A1	I	A12	耕地灌溉率/%	0~10	>10~20	>20~50	>50~60	>60~100
系统		I	A13	地下水开采难易度	0~0.2	>0.2~0.4	>0.4~0.6	>0.6~0.8	>0.8~1
A		LI	A14	人畜供水率/%	0~10	>10~20	>20~40	>40~60	>60~100
		E	A15	生态环境用水率/%	<50	50~60	60~70	70~80	>80
		I	A16	工业重复用水率/%	<55	55~65	65~75	75~85	>85
	水资源禀赋	L	A21	人均水资源量/(m³/人)	<300	>500~600	>600~1000	>1000~1500	>1500
	A2	LI	A22	地表水系数/%	0~17	>17~25	>25~32	>32~40	>40
土地	土地资源禀赋	LI	B11	人均耕地面积/(亩/人)	0~5	>5~12	>12~20	>20~50	>50
资源	B1	LI	B12	水耕协调度/%	0~10	>10~50	>50-100	>100~200	>200
系统	土地利用	I	B21	耕地利用程度/%	0~20	>20~50	>50-70	>70~90	>90
B	B2	L	B22	村庄用地占比/%	0~0.1	>0.1~0.15	>0.15~0.2	>0.2~0.3	>0.3
		GI	B23	节水灌溉率/%	<20	>20~30	>30~40	>40~50	>50
		EI	B24	草地覆盖率/%	<10	>10~20	>20~30	>30~40	>40
		GI	B25	耕地产出效益/(万元/hm²)	0~1	>1~2	>2~3	>3~5	>5
社会	人口结构	L	C11	人口密度/(人/km²)	>50	>20~50	>10~20	>5~10	<5
系统	C1	GI	C12	人口增长率/%	>15	>10~15	>6~10	>2~6	<2
C	生活水平C2	L	C21	农村生活用水定额 /[m³/(d·人)]	>110	80~110	50~80	20~50	<20
经济	经济发展	LI	D11	人均GDP/万元	<0.5	0.5~1	>1~3	>3~5	>5
系统 D	D1	I	D12	工业产值模数/(万元/km²)	<0.5	0.5~1	>1~3	>3~5	>5
	产业结构	I	D21	第一产业比例/%	>50	>30~50	>15~30	>8~15	>0~8
	D2	GI	D22	水利工程投资率/%	0~5	>5~20	>20~30	>30~60	>60
生态	生态本底	GE	E11	水土保持率/%	<60	>60~70	>70~80	>80~90	>90
环境	E1	I	E12	干旱指数（无量纲）	>15	>10~15	>8~10	>5~8	>0~5
系统	植被环境	E	E21	植被覆盖率/%	0~20	>20~30	>30~50	>50~70	>70
E	E2	EI	E22	牲畜超载率/%	>20	>10~20	>3~10	>0~3	<0

表1

图5

图6

图7

图8

图9

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乡村振兴导向的水土资源承载力评价及其优化

Evaluation of water and land resources system bearing capacity and path optimization for rural revitalization

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