生态文明视角下喀斯特地区“双评价”研究——以生态敏感区宁远县为例

doi:10.31497/zrzyxb.20201007

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 精简“双评价”流程、融合评价机制,基于生态文明视角构建具有喀斯特地区特色的指标体系,刻画国土空间开发与保护格局特征,对于生态敏感脆弱区可持续发展具有重要指导意义。分别从生态、农业与建设三个视角构建指标体系,将资源环境承载力和国土空间开发适宜性评价指标整合,从国土的用途功能出发,提供一个全新的评价思路,测算宁远县国土对于不同功能的适宜程度。结果表明：（1）宁远县生态保护重要性总体较高,不同等级、地区空间集聚和分异特征明显,呈南北两侧高、中部和西部偏低的分布格局,需重点加强南北两侧生态空间的保护力度,满足国家提倡的生态文明建设要求;（2）农业生产适宜性总体较低,适宜生产区域主要以城区中心分割线为轴带,呈东、西两侧对称分布格局,和生态保护空间存在一定冲突,需合理优化农业生产结构和布局,保障区域粮食和生态的“双安全”;（3）建设开发适宜性总体上较低,中心外围分布格局特征显著,以中心城区为核心并向四周辐射递减,需节约集约利用国土资源,适当调整和转变发展利用方式,协调“三生空间”关系;（4）以中心县城为核心,“三环带放射式”的国土开发与保护空间格局特征明显,建设—农业—生态空间呈“同心圆”圈层结构分布;（5）多宜、双宜、单宜与不宜空间面积依次为36672.67 hm²、32276.11 hm²、181022 hm²、175.46 hm²,分别占宁远县国土的14.66%、12.90%、72.37%、0.07%。从生态文明视角开展喀斯特地区“双评价”研究,更为精细地摸清特殊地貌的国土基数与空间基底,提升了国土空间规划的科学性与操作性,可为其他喀斯特生态脆弱区域“双评价”工作开展提供科学支撑。

关键词: 生态文明建设, "双评价", 喀斯特地区, 国土空间规划, 生态敏感区, 宁远县

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to simplify the "double evaluations" mechanism and evaluation process, build an index system with karst characteristics from the perspective of ecological civilization to identify the advantages and disadvantages of the local resource background, and depict the characteristics of the spatial pattern more accurately. The evaluation index system was constructed from three perspectives including ecology, agriculture and construction. And we integrated the "barrel short board effect", weighted linear summation and multi-factor spatial overlap analysis to calculate the suitability degree of different functions in Ningyuan. The results show that the importance of ecological protection in the study area is relatively high, and the characteristics of spatial agglomeration and differentiation are obvious. The suitability of agricultural production is generally low. The areas suitable for production mainly take the central dividing line of the city as the axis belt, which shows a symmetrical distribution pattern on the east and west sides. On the whole, the suitability of construction and development is low, and the distribution pattern is remarkable. The pattern of land development and protection of "three-ring belts radiating" is obvious, and the construction-agriculture-ecological space is distributed in concentric circles. Areas of multiple, double, single and inappropriate spaces are 36672.67 hm², 32276.11 hm², 181022 hm² and 175.46 hm², accounting for 14.66%, 12.90%, 72.37% and 0.07%, respectively. The conclusion is that Ningyuan has good natural conditions, but it still needs to strengthen the protection of ecological space in the south and north to meet the requirements of ecological civilization construction. There are some conflicts between agricultural production and ecological protection space, so it is necessary to rationally optimize the structure and distribution of agricultural production to ensure the "double security" of regional food and ecology. There is less space suitable for construction and development, so we need to use land resources intensively, adjust and change the mode of development properly, and coordinate the relationship between "three living spaces". Double- and multi-suitable land for ecological construction is the key goal of the future development and protection pattern. This will give us a better understanding of the base of land space, and improve the scientificity and operability, which can provide reference and scientific support for the "double evaluations" work in ecologically fragile and sensitive areas, such as Southwest China.

Key words: ecological civilization construction, "double evaluations", karst region, territorial space planning, ecologically sensitive area, Ningyuan county

李龙, 吴大放, 刘艳艳, 滕丽, 吴志峰, 冯兆华. 生态文明视角下喀斯特地区“双评价”研究——以生态敏感区宁远县为例[J]. 自然资源学报, 2020, 35(10): 2385-2400.

LI Long, WU Da-fang, LIU Yan-yan, TENG Li, WU Zhi-feng, FENG Zhao-hua. "Double evaluations" of karst area from the perspective of ecological civilization: A case study of Ningyuan in ecologically sensitive area[J]. JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES, 2020, 35(10): 2385-2400.

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