西北地区县域生态系统服务的供需匹配——以甘肃古浪县为例

doi:10.31497/zrzyxb.20200911

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 作为人类福利的源泉,生态系统服务的供需特征及匹配状况反映了区域生态与环境资源的空间配置,分析其供需匹配关系是评价与优化生态系统服务管理、促进生态系统服务供需平衡的重要前提。以西北地区河西走廊东端的古浪县为例,利用气象观测、土地利用、统计年鉴等多源数据,基于InVEST模型、ArcGIS等方法,分析古浪县2017年的产水、碳固持、食物供给和土壤保持四项生态系统服务的供需及其匹配状况。结果表明：（1）古浪县产水、碳固持、食物供给和土壤保持服务供给与需求的总量均表现出供大于求的状态,其供求总量差值依次为：12.45×10⁸ m³、21.55×10⁷ t、3.8×10⁷ t、1.28×10⁷ t,且不同类型的生态系统服务供给与需求存在明显差异。（2）古浪县各项生态系统服务供需匹配类型可划分为高供给高需求、低供给高需求、低供给低需求、高供给低需求,不同区域与不同生态系统服务间的匹配模式存在明显的空间异质性。（3）古浪县生态系统服务供需匹配表现出南中北空间差异性,且呈现集中连片的态势,说明匹配类型相同的乡镇存在“相邻相似”的特征。基于对生态系统服务的供给、需求及匹配状况的分析,进一步提出了不同匹配类型下生态经济发展、城镇化建设、生态可持续化管理、国土空间规划等方面的优化对策。

关键词: 西北地区, 生态系统服务, 供需匹配, 空间差异

Abstract: As the source of human welfare, the spatial distribution characteristics and matching status of ecosystem service supply and demand can reflect the spatial allocation of regional environmental resources. Analyzing the matching relationship between supply and demand is an important prerequisite for evaluating and optimizing the management of ecosystem services and promoting the balance between supply and demand of ecosystem services. Taking Gulang county located in the Hexi Corridor as an example, this paper uses multi-source data such as meteorological observation, land use, and statistical yearbooks to evaluate the supply and demand of four ecosystem services including water supply, carbon sequestration, food supply and soil conservation, based on InVEST model and ArcGIS method. Result shows that: (1) The total supply and demand of ecosystem services in this county indicate that supply exceeds demand, and there are obvious differences among different types of ecosystem services. Besides, the total difference between supply and demand water for supply, carbon sequestration, food supply, and soil conservation is 12.45×10⁸ m³, 21.55×10⁷ t, 3.8×10⁷ t, and 1.28×10⁷ t, respectively. (2) Based on the township unit, the supply and demand matching of various ecosystem services in the study area are presented as four types (high supply and high demand, low supply and high demand, low supply and low demand, and high supply and low demand), and the matching patterns between regions and ecosystem services have obvious spatial heterogeneity. (3) The four matching types generally show the hierarchical division of the south, the middle and the north, and present the centralized and continuous patterns, which indicates that the towns with the same matching types are characterized by "adjacent similarity". Based on the analysis of the supply, demand and matching status of ecosystem services, this paper puts forward the optimization countermeasures of eco-economic development, urbanization construction, sustainable ecological management and land spatial planning under different matching types.

Key words: Northwest China, ecosystem services, supply and demand matching, spatial difference

刘春芳, 王韦婷, 刘立程, 李鹏杰. 西北地区县域生态系统服务的供需匹配——以甘肃古浪县为例[J]. 自然资源学报, 2020, 35(9): 2177-2190.

LIU Chun-fang, WANG Wei-ting, LIU Li-cheng, LI Peng-jie. Supply-demand matching of county ecosystem services in Northwest China: A case study of Gulang county[J]. JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES, 2020, 35(9): 2177-2190.

参考文献

[1] 刘春芳, 王川, 刘立程. 三大自然区过渡带生境质量时空差异及形成机制: 以榆中县为例. 地理研究, 2018, 37(2): 419-432.
[LIU C F, WANG C, LIU L C. Spatio-temporal variation on habitat quality and its mechanism within the transitional area of the Three Natural Zones: A case study in Yuzhong county. Geographical Research, 2018, 37(2): 419-432.]
[2] 刘春芳, 张志英. 从城乡一体化到城乡融合: 新型城乡关系的思考. 地理科学, 2018, 38(10): 1624-1633.
[LIU C F, ZHANG Z Y. From town-country integration to urban-rural integration: New thinking on the relationship between urban and rural areas. Scientia GeographicaSinica, 2018, 38(10): 1624-1633.]
[3] DAILY G C.Nature's Services: Societal Dependence on Natural Ecosystems. Washington D C: Island Press, 1997: 529-530.
[4] COSTANZA R, DARGE R, DE GROOT R, et al.The value of the world's ecosystem services and natural capital. Nature, 1997, 387(6630): 253-260.
[5] DE GROOT R S, WILSON M, BOUMANS R. A typology for description, classification and valuation of ecosystem functions, goods and services. Ecology Economy, 2002, 41(3): 393-408.
[6] VILLAMAGNAA M, ANGERMEIER P L, BENNETT E M.Capacity, pressure, demand, and flow: A conceptual framework for analyzing ecosystem service provision and delivery. Ecological Complexity, 2013, 15: 114-121.
[7] 马琳, 刘浩, 彭建, 等. 生态系统服务供给和需求研究进展. 地理学报, 2017, 72(7): 1277-1289.
[MA L, LIU H, PENG J, et al. A review of ecosystem services supply and demand. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2017, 72(7): 1277-1289.]
[8] REES W E.Revisiting carrying capacity: Area-based indicators of sustainability. Population and Environment, 1996, 17(3): 195-215.
[9] REES W E.Ecological footprints and appropriated carrying capacity: What urban economics leaves out. Environment and Urbanization, 1992, 4(2): 121-130.
[10] BOLUND P, HUNHAMMAR S.Ecosystem services in urban areas. Ecological Economics, 1999, 29: 293-301.
[11] 严岩, 朱捷缘, 吴钢, 等. 生态系统服务需求, 供给和消费研究进展. 生态学报, 2017, 37(8): 2489-2496.
[YAN Y, ZHU J Y, WU G, et al. Review and prospective applications of demand, supply, and consumption of ecosystem services. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2017, 37(8): 2489-2496.]
[12] 刘慧敏, 范玉龙, 丁圣彦. 生态系统服务流研究进展. 应用生态学报, 2016, 27(7): 2161-2171. [LIU H M, FAN Y L, DING S Y. Research progress of ecosystem service flow. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2016, 27(7): 2161-2171.]
[13] WOLFF S, SCHULPC J E, VERBURG P H.Mapping ecosystem services demand: A review of current research and future perspectives. Ecological Indicators, 2015, 55: 159-171.
[14] LARONDELLE N, LAUF S.Balancing demand and supply of multiple urban ecosystem services on different spatial scales. Ecosystem Services, 2016, 22: 18-31.
[15] KROLL F, MULLER F, HAASE D, et al.Rural-urban gradient analysis of ecosystem services supply and demand dynamics. Land Use Policy, 2012, 29(3): 521-535.
[16] SCHROTER M, BARTON D N, REMMER P, et al.Accounting for capacity and flow of ecosystem services: A conceptual model and a case study for Telemark, Norway. Ecological Indicators, 2014, 36: 539-551.
[17] 彭建, 杨旸, 谢盼, 等. 基于生态系统服务供需的广东省绿地生态网络建设分区. 生态学报, 2017, 37(13): 4562-4572.
[PENG J, YANG Y, XIE P, et al. Zoning for the construction of green space ecological networks in Guangdong province based on the supply and demand of ecosystem services. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2017, 37(13): 4562-4572.]
[18] SYRBE R U, GRUNEWALD K.Ecosystem service supply and demand: The challenge to balance spatial mismatches. International Journal of Biodiversity Science, Ecosystem Services & Management, 2017, 13(2): 148-161.
[19] SYRBE R-U, WALZ U.Spatial indicators for the assessment of ecosystem services: Providing, benefiting and connecting areas and landscape metrics. Ecological Indicators, 2012, 21: 80-88.
[20] RUHL J B, KRAFT S E, LANT C L.The Law and Policy of Ecosystem Services. Washington D C: Island Press, 2007.
[21] BARO F, HAASE D, GOMEZ-BAGGETHUN E, et al.Mismatches between ecosystem services supply and demand in urban areas: A quantitative assessment in five European cities. Ecological Indicators, 2015, 55: 146-158.
[22] BURKHARD B, KROLL F, NEDKOV S, et al.Mapping ecosystem services supply, demand and budgets. Ecological Indicators, 2012, 21: 17-29.
[23] 王大尚, 郑华, 欧阳志云. 生态系统服务供给、消费与人类福祉的关系. 应用生态学报, 2013, 24(6): 1747-1753.
[WANG D S, ZHENG H, OUYANG Z Y. Ecosystem services supply and consumption and their relationships with human well-being. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2013, 24(6): 1747-1753.]
[24] 李双成. 生态系统服务地理学. 北京: 科学出版社, 2014.
[LI S C. The Geography of Ecosystem Services. Beijing: Science Press, 2014.]
[25] 肖玉, 谢高地, 鲁春霞, 等. 基于供需关系的生态系统服务空间流动研究进展. 生态学报, 2016, 36(10): 3096-3102.
[XIAO Y, XIE G D, LU C X, et al. Involvement of ecosystem service flows in human wellbeing based on the relationship between supply and demand. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2016, 36(10): 3096-3102.]
[26] 杨莉, 甄霖, 潘影, 等. 生态系统服务供给—消费研究: 黄河流域案例. 干旱区资源与环境, 2012, 26(3): 131-138.
[YANG L, ZHEN L, PAN Y, et al. Ecosystem services supply and consumption: A case in Yellow River Watershed, China. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2012, 26(3): 131-138.]
[27] WEI H, LIU H, XU Z, et al.Linking ecosystem services supply, social demand and human well-being in a typical mountain-oasis-desert area, Xinjiang, China. Ecosystem Services, 2018, 31: 44-57.
[28] 石忆邵, 史东辉. 洞庭湖生态经济区生态服务供需平衡研究. 地理研究, 2018, 37(9): 1714-1723.
[SHI Y S, SHI D H. Study on the balance of ecological service supply and demand in Dongting Lake Ecological Economic Zone. Geographical Research, 2018, 37(9): 1717-1723.]
[29] 孟士婷, 黄庆旭, 何春阳, 等. 区域碳固持服务供需关系动态分析: 以北京为例. 自然资源学报, 2018, 33(7): 1191-1203.
[MENG S T, HUANG Q X, HE C Y, et al. Mapping the changes in supply and demand of carbon sequestration service: A case study in Beijing. Journal of Natural Resources, 2018, 33(7): 1191-1203.]
[30] 黄智洵, 王飞飞, 曹文志. 耦合生态系统服务供求关系的生态安全格局动态分析: 以闽三角城市群为例. 生态学报, 2018, 38(12): 4327-4340.
[HUANG Z X, WANG F F, CAO W Z. Dynamic analysis of an ecological security pattern relying on the relationship between ecosystem service supply and demand: A case study on the Xiamen-Zhangzhou-Quanzhou City Cluster. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2018, 38(12): 4327-4340.]
[31] 董潇楠, 谢苗苗, 张覃雅, 等. 承灾脆弱性视角下的生态系统服务需求评估及供需空间匹配. 生态学报, 2018, 38(18): 6422-6431.
[DONG X N, XIE M M, ZHANG Q Y, et al. Ecosystem services demand assessment regarding disaster vulnerability and supply-demand spatial matching. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2018, 38(18): 6422-6431.]
[32] 王萌辉, 白中科, 董潇楠, 等. 基于生态系统服务供需的陕西省土地整治空间分区. 中国土地科学, 2018, (11): 73-80.
[WANG M H, BAI Z K, DONG X N, et al. Land consolidation zoning in Shaanxi province based on the supply anddemand of ecosystem services. China Land Science, 2018, (11): 73-80.]
[33] 顾康康, 杨倩倩, 程帆, 等. 基于生态系统服务供需关系的安徽省空间分异研究. 生态与农村环境学报, 2018, 34(7): 577-583.
[GU K K, YANG Q Q, CHENG F, et al. Spatial differentiation of anhui province based on the relationship between supply and demand of ecosystem services. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2018, 34(7): 577-583.]
[34] 欧维新, 王宏宁, 陶宇. 基于土地利用与土地覆被的长三角生态系统服务供需空间格局及热点区变化. 生态学报, 2018, 38(17): 359-369.
[OU W X, WANG H N, TAO Y. A land cover-based assessment of ecosystem services supply and demand dynamics in the Yangtze River Delta Region. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2018, 38(17): 359-369.]
[35] 黄湘, 陈亚宁, 马建新. 西北干旱区典型流域生态系统服务价值变化. 自然资源学报, 2011, 26(8): 1364-1376.
[HUANG X, CHEN Y N, MA J X. Analysis of the ecosystem services value of the typical river basin in desert areas of Northwest China. Journal of Natural Resources, 2011, 26(8): 1364-1376.]
[36] 刘春芳, 王奕璇, 何瑞东, 等. 基于居民行为的三生空间识别与优化分析框架. 自然资源学报, 2019, 34(10): 2113-2122.
[LIU C F, WANG Y X, HE R D, et al. An analysis framework for identifying and optimizing ecological-production-living space based on resident behavior. Journal of Natural Resources, 2019, 34(10): 2113-2122.]
[37] 吴永强, 李春亮, 张炜. 武威地区土壤有机碳库的估算与空间分布特征. 甘肃地质, 2016, 25(3): 82-85.
[WU Y Q, LI C L, ZHANG W. Estimation and spatial distribution of soil organic carbon in Wuwei district. Gansu Geology, 2016, 25(3): 82-85.]
[38] 闫庆武, 卞正富, 张萍, 等.基于居民点密度的人口密度空间化. 地理与地理信息科学, 2011, 27(5): 95-98.
[YAN Q W, BIAN Z F, ZHANG P, et al. Census spatialization based on settlements density. Geography and Geo-Information Science, 2011, 27(5): 95-98.]
[39] 包玉斌, 李婷, 柳辉, 等. 基于InVEST模型的陕北黄土高原水源涵养功能时空变化. 地理研究, 2016, 35(4): 664-676.
[BAO Y B, LI T, LIU H, et al. Spatial and temporal changes of water conservation of Loess Plateau in Northern Shaanxi province by InVEST model. Geography Research, 2016, 35(4): 664-676.]
[40] 张影, 谢余初, 齐姗姗, 等. 基于InVEST模型的甘肃白龙江流域生态系统碳储量及空间格局特征. 资源科学, 2016, 38(8): 1585-1593.
[ZHANG Y, XIE Y C, QI S S, et al. Carbon storage and spatial distribution characteristics in the Bailongjiang Watershed in Gansu based on InVEST model. Resources Science, 2016, 38(8): 1585-1593.]
[41] 涂华, 刘翠杰. 标准煤二氧化碳排放的计算. 煤质技术, 2014, (2): 57-60.
[TU H, LIU C J. Calculation of CO₂ emission of standard coal. Coal Quality Technology, 2014, (2): 57-60.]
[42] 王川, 刘春芳, 乌亚汗, 等. 黄土丘陵区生态系统服务空间格局及权衡与协同关系: 以榆中县为例. 生态学杂志, 2018, 38(2): 1-14.
[WANG C, LIU C F, WU Y H, et al. Spatial pattern, trade-off and synergy of ecosystem services in Loess Hilly Areas: A case study of Yuzhong county. Journal of Ecology, 2018, 38(2): 1-14.]
[43] 王鹏涛, 张立伟, 李英杰, 等. 汉江上游生态系统服务权衡与协同关系时空特征. 地理学报, 2017, 72(11): 2064-2078.
[WANG P T, ZHANG L W, LI Y J, et al. Spatio-temporal characteristics of the trade-off and synergy relationships among multiple ecosystem services in the upper reaches of Hanjiang River Basin. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2017, 72(11): 2064-2078.]
[44] WANG J, ZHAI T L, LIN Y F, et al.Spatial imbalance and changes in supply and demand of ecosystem services in China. Science of the Total Environment, 2019, 657: 781-791.