水电开发对河流生态系统服务的效应评估与时空变化特征分析——以武江干流为例

doi:10.31497/zrzyxb.20200910

自然资源学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (9): 2163-2176.doi: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20200910

水电开发对河流生态系统服务的效应评估与时空变化特征分析——以武江干流为例

贾建辉^1,2, 陈建耀¹, 龙晓君³, 陈记臣⁴

1.中山大学地理科学与规划学院,广东省城市化与地理环境空间模拟重点实验室,广州 510275;
2.广东省水利厅,广州 510635;
3.广东财经大学地理与旅游学院,广州 510320;
4.广东省水利水电科学研究院,广州 510635

收稿日期:2019-07-05 修回日期:2020-05-18 发布日期:2020-11-27
通讯作者: 陈建耀（1966- ）,男,福建莆田人,博士,教授,博士生导师,主要从事流域水文过程及水环境等方面研究。E-mail: chenjyao@mail.sysu.edu.cn
作者简介:贾建辉（1983- ）,女,河南郑州人,博士研究生,主要从事水电站生态环境方面的研究。E-mail: 195432447@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目（41771027,41961144027,41701585）; 广东水利科技创新项目（2020-09）

Evaluating the cumulative impacts of the hydropower development on the river ecosystem services in terms of spatial and temporal aspects: A case study in the mainstream of the Wujiang River

JIA Jian-hui^1,2, CHEN Jian-yao¹, LONG Xiao-jun³, CHEN Ji-chen⁴

1. Guangdong Key Laboratory for Urbanization and Geo-simulation, School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China;
2. Department of Water Resources of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510635, China;
3. School of Geography and Tourism, Guangdong University of Finance and Economics, Guangzhou 510320, China;
4. Guangdong Research Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower, Guangzhou 510635, China

Received:2019-07-05 Revised:2020-05-18 Published:2020-11-27

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 水电开发对河流生态系统的影响不容忽视,科学评估其影响有助于建立更可持续的水电开发模式。以武江干流为例,利用当量因子法和功能价值评估法,分析了武江干流梯级水电开发对受淹没影响的河岸带陆地生态系统和河流生态系统服务的效益及损失,并就其对河流生态系统服务的综合效应进行了评估。结果显示：武江干流水电开发使受淹没影响的河岸带生态系统和河流生态系统本身的服务价值均出现增加,价值增量主要体现在水文调节、水资源供给等服务方面;武江干流水电开发对河流生态系统服务的正效应大于负效应,正效应主要体现在发电、水文调节、气体调节等方面,负效应主要体现在维持生物多样性、土壤保持等支持服务方面。研究认为不同规模水电站的正负效应侧重点不同,不同流域单位电能的生态损失难以直接横向比较。结合多年来武江鱼类资源跟踪调查数据,分析了鱼类生物损失指数的变化趋势,探讨了水电开发在时间上的累积生态效应及水电服务的空间格局差异。由于生物多样性等服务的影响难以用货币直接衡量,加上水域的单位面积服务价值远高于其他生态用地类型,导致负效应的价值评估偏保守,武江干流水电开发的正负效应之比偏大。

关键词: 梯级水电开发, 生态系统服务, 累积效应评估, 武江

Abstract: The impact of hydropower development on river ecosystems cannot be ignored, and scientific evaluation of its impact will contribute to the establishment of a more sustainable hydropower development patterns. In this paper, we analyzed the benefits and losses of the cascade hydropower development in the mainstream of the Wujiang River on the riparian terrestrial ecosystems and river ecosystems by using both equivalent factor and functional value evaluation methods. Based on the benefits and losses, we made a comprehensive evaluation of the cascade hydropower development on the river ecosystem services. The results show that the hydropower development in the mainstream of the Wujiang River increased the values of the riparian terrestrial ecosystem and river ecosystem services, particularly in the hydrological regulating and water supply functions. In addition, positive effects of the development were found on the power generation, hydrological and air regulating functions, while negative effects were observed on biodiversity maintaining and soil conservation. And the positive effects on river ecosystem service are greater than the negative effects. It was difficult to compare directly the ecological losses of unit electrical energy with other basins as different hydropower stations had their own emphasis regarding the positive and negative effects. Based on the long-term survey data of fish resources in the Wujiang River, the trend of fish biological loss index was analyzed to understand temporal cumulative ecological effects of hydropower development. The differences in the spatial pattern of hydropower generation were discussed by using InVEST model. The impact of ecosystem services such as biodiversity was hard to evaluate directly in terms of currency, and the service value per unit area of the water body was considerably higher than that of any other land-use types, which resulted in a conservative, e.g. a low value of negative effects of the hydropower development in the mainstream of the Wujiang River, and a high ratio of positive to negative values.

Key words: cascade hydropower development, ecosystem service, evaluation of cumulative impacts, Wujiang River

贾建辉, 陈建耀, 龙晓君, 陈记臣. 水电开发对河流生态系统服务的效应评估与时空变化特征分析——以武江干流为例[J]. 自然资源学报, 2020, 35(9): 2163-2176.

JIA Jian-hui, CHEN Jian-yao, LONG Xiao-jun, CHEN Ji-chen. Evaluating the cumulative impacts of the hydropower development on the river ecosystem services in terms of spatial and temporal aspects: A case study in the mainstream of the Wujiang River[J]. JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES, 2020, 35(9): 2163-2176.

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水电开发对河流生态系统服务的效应评估与时空变化特征分析——以武江干流为例

Evaluating the cumulative impacts of the hydropower development on the river ecosystem services in terms of spatial and temporal aspects: A case study in the mainstream of the Wujiang River

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