基于公司行业结构的哈尔滨跨区域联系网络分析

doi:10.31497/zrzyxb.20200712

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在“流动空间”背景下,城市网络中次级城市受到区域经济研究的关注。区域内部及跨区域联系对次级城市发展的作用关系到城市区际合作的成败,但对其认识存在差异。以行业结构作为切入点,基于机器学习行业分类后的工商企业数据,研究哈尔滨与东北地区城市联系的总量变化及行业特征,发现:（1）哈尔滨的内向经济联系中,东北地区城市的重要性在减退,其外向网络腹地范围正在缩小;（2）哈尔滨与东北地区的产业联系有制造业联系下降及服务业低端化的趋势;（3）与全国相比,东北地区内部缺乏“服务中心”。通过研究哈尔滨与东北地区以外城市联系与距离、地区生产总值（GRP）等的关系,以及行业比较优势,发现:（1）哈尔滨联系网络呈现无标度网络特征,与国家中心城市的联系不符合距离衰减规律,且连接度与GRP强线性正相关;（2）哈尔滨的高级生产者服务业联系集聚化,制造业与其他服务业联系偏长尾分布。相对于联系广度,更应重视与少数“服务中心”的联系质量。

关键词: 跨区域, 公司流, 机器学习, 行业结构, 城市网络

Abstract: Under the background of "flow space", secondary cities in urban network have attracted the attention from regional economic researchers. The role of intra-regional and inter-regional linkages in the development of secondary cities is related to the success or failure of inter-regional cooperation, but we have different understandings toward such a network. Based on the data of enterprises classified by machine learning, after industry classification, this paper studies the total changes and industry characteristics of urban linkages between Harbin and other cities in Northeast China. It is found that: (1) In the inward economic linkages of Harbin, the importance of cities in Northeast China is declining, and the hinterland of outward network is shrinking. (2) There is a trend of industrial-reversal and low-end in service industry in industrial linkages between Harbin and other cities in Northeast China. (3) Unlike other parts of the country, there is no "service center" in Northeast China. By studying the relationship between the total number of links and distance, gross regional product (GRP) and industry comparative advantages between Harbin and cities outside the northeast region, it is found that: (1) Harbin's linkage network shows scale-free characteristics, and the linkages with national central cities do not conform to the distance attenuation law; and the linkages are strongly linearly positively correlated with GRP. (2) The connection in advanced producer services shows a character of agglomeration, while the connection in manufacturing and other services presents a long tail distribution. Compared with the scope of contact, we should pay more attention to the quality of contact with a few "service centers".

Key words: city network, industry structure, machine learning, enterprise flow, cross-region

崔喆, 沈丽珍, 刘子慎, 汪侠. 基于公司行业结构的哈尔滨跨区域联系网络分析[J]. 自然资源学报, 2020, 35(7): 1672-1685.

CUI Zhe, SHEN Li-zhen, LIU Zi-shen, WANG Xia. Analysis of Harbin cross-regional network based on industry structure[J]. JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES, 2020, 35(7): 1672-1685.

参考文献

[1] ROBINSON J.Global and world cities: A view from off the map. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 2002, 26(3): 531-554.
[2] ROBINSON J.Urban geography: World cities, or a world of cities. Progress in Human Geography, 2005, 29(6): 757-765.
[3] FRIEDMANN J.Where we stand: A decade of world city research. In: KNOX P L, TAYLOR P J. World Cities in a World System. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995: 21-47.
[4] MEIJERS E J, BURGER M J, HOOGERBRUGGE M M.Borrowing size in networks of cities: City size, network connectivity and metropolitan functions in Europe. Papers in Regional Science, 2016, 95(1): 181-198.
[5] BURGER M J, MEIJERS E J, HOOGERBRUGGE M M, et al.Borrowed size, agglomeration shadows and cultural amenities in Northwest Europe. European Planning Studies, 2015, 23(6): 1090-1109.
[6] 程遥, 赵民. GaWC世界城市排名的内涵解读及其在中国的应用思辨. 城市规划学刊, 2018, (6): 54-60.
[CHENG Y, ZHAO M.On the GaWC world city list and its application in China. Urban Planning Forum, 2018, (6): 54-60.]
[7] CAMAGNI R, CAPELLO R, CARAGLIU A.Static vs. dynamic agglomeration economies: Spatial context and structural evolution behind urban growth. Papers in Regional Science, 2016, 95(1): 133-158.
[8] 范剑勇. 长三角一体化、地区专业化与制造业空间转移. 管理世界, 2004, (11): 77-84, 96.
[FAN J Y.Integration of Yangtze River Delta, regional specialization and spatial transfer of manufacturing industry. Management World, 2004, (11): 77-84, 96.]
[9] FUJITA M, KRUGMAN P R, VENABLES A J.The Spatial Economy: Cities, Regions, and International Trade. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2001.
[10] KRUGMAN P R.Geography and Trade. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1993.
[11] SASSEN S.The Global City: New York, London, Tokyo. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2013.
[12] TAYLOR P J, DERUDDER B.World City Network: A Global Urban Analysis(2nd). London and New York: Routledge, 2015.
[13] 李仙德. 基于企业网络的城市网络研究. 上海: 华东师范大学, 2012.
[LI X D.Research of urban network based on firm network. Shanghai: East China Normal University, 2012.]
[14] 唐子来, 赵渺希. 经济全球化视角下长三角区域的城市体系演化: 关联网络和价值区段的分析方法. 城市规划学刊, 2010, (1): 29-34.
[TANG Z L, ZHAO M X.Economic globalization and transformation of urban system in the Yangtze River Delta Region: Interlocking network and value-added hierarchy. Urban Planning Forum, 2010, (1): 29-34.]
[15] 李涛, 王宝平, 张伊娜. 2000—2013年长三角地区产业价值区段的时空演化: 从地级市到区市县空间单元. 经济地理, 2016, 36(4): 113-119.
[LI T, WANG B P, ZHANG Y N.Temporal and spatial transformation of value-added hierarchy in the Yangtze River Delta Region in 2000-2013: From the prefectures to the counties. Economic Geography, 2016, 36(4): 113-119.]
[16] 汪鑫, 罗震东, 朱查松, 等. 中心与腹地的辩证: 基于企业联系的苏州、宁波区域空间关系比较研究. 城市规划学刊, 2014, (5): 79-85.
[WANG X, LUO Z D, ZHU Z S, et al.Dialectics of the center and the hinterland: A comparative study on regional spatial relations between Suzhou and Ningbo on corporation relations. Urban Planning Forum, 2014, (5): 79-85.]
[17] 王姣娥, 杜德林. 东北振兴以来地区经济发展水平演化及空间分异模式. 地理科学, 2016, 36(9): 1320-1328.
[WANG J E, DU D L.The evolution of economic development level in Northeast China and its spatial differentiation mode scince 2003. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2016, 36(9): 1320-1328.]
[18] 樊杰, 刘汉初, 王亚飞, 等. 东北现象再解析和东北振兴预判研究: 对影响国土空间开发保护格局变化稳定因素的初探. 地理科学, 2016, 36(10): 1445-1456.
[FAN J, LIU H C, WANG Y F, et al."The Northeast China Phenomenon" and prejudgment on economic revitalization in Northeast China: A primary research on stable factors to impact national spatial development and protection pattern. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2016, 36(10): 1445-1456.]
[19] 何春. 东北经济失速的政策性因素: 基于“东北振兴”政策效果的再考察. 经济体制改革, 2017, (1): 44-49.
[HE C.The policy factors of economic stall in Northeast Region: Based on the inspection of "Northeast Revitalization" policy effect. Reform of Economic System, 2017, (1): 44-49.]
[20] 赵勇, 刘金凤, 张倩. 东北振兴战略是否促进了经济结构调整?: 基于PSM-DID方法的研究. 城市与环境研究, 2017, (4): 27-46.
[ZHAO Y, LIU J F, ZHANG Q.Does the northeast revitalization strategy promote the economic structure adjustment?: A study based on PSM-DID method. Urban and Environmental Studies, 2017, (4): 27-46.]
[21] 苏明政, 徐佳信, 张满林. 东北振兴政策效果评估. 上海经济研究, 2017, (4): 112-117.
[SU M Z, XU J X, ZHANG M L.Evaluation on the effects of the strategies of revitalizing Northeast China. Shanghai Journal of Economics, 2017, (4): 112-117.]
[22] 吕卫国, 陈雯. 江苏省内一体化、制造业聚散与地区间分工演化. 地理科学进展, 2013, 32(2): 223-232.
[LYU W G, CHEN W.Dynamics of spatial distrubution of manufacturing industries and regional specialization during the process of regional integration: A case of Jiangsu province. Progress in Geography, 2013, 32(2): 223-232.]
[23] 孙久文, 姚鹏. 京津冀产业空间转移、地区专业化与协同发展: 基于新经济地理学的分析框架. 南开学报: 哲学社会科学版, 2015, (1): 81-89.
[SUN J W, YAO P.Industrial relocation in Jing-Jin-Ji region, regional specialization and coordinated development: An analysis based on the framework of new economic geography. Nankai Journal: Philosophy, Literature and Social Science Edition, 2015, (1): 81-89.]
[24] 赵祥. 产业集聚效应与企业成长: 基于广东省城市面板数据的实证研究. 南方经济, 2009, (8): 26-38.
[ZHAO X.Industrial agglomeration effects and the growth of firm. South China Journal of Economics, 2009, (8): 26-38.]
[25] 陈曦. 中国城市生产性服务业地域分工的演化特征与效应: 基于空间面板杜宾模型. 城市发展研究, 2017, 24(3): 102-109.
[CHEN X.Evolution characteristics and effects of the regional division of producer services in Chinese cities: Based on spatial panel durbin model. Urban Development Studies, 2017, 24(3): 102-109.]
[26] YE C, ZHU J, LI S, et al.Assessment and analysis of regional economic collaborative development within an urban agglomeration: Yangtze River Delta as a case study. Habitat International, 2018, 83: 20-29.
[27] 马学广, 李贵才. 全球流动空间中的当代世界城市网络理论研究. 经济地理, 2011, 31(10): 1630-1637.
[MA X G, LI G C.Study on world city network theory within global space of flow. Economic Geography, 2011, 31(10): 1630-1637.]
[28] 唐子来, 李涛, 李粲. 中国主要城市关联网络研究. 城市规划, 2017, (1): 28-39, 82.
[TANG Z L, LI T, LI C.Research on the interlocking network of major cities in China. City Planning Review, 2017, (1): 28-39, 82.]
[29] 国家统计局. GB/T 4754—2017. 国民经济行业分类. 2017.
[National Bureau of Statistics of China. GB/T 4754-2017. Industrial Classification For National Economic Activities. 2017.]
[30] 王垚尧. 基于机器学习的经济行业分类方法研究. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工业大学, 2011.
[WANG Y Y.Economic sector classification method based on machine learning. Harbin: Harbin Institute of Technology, 2011.]
[31] 张昕雅. 确定企业所属行业类别的方法及系统: 中国, CN107169036A.2017-04-19.
[ZHANG X Y. The method and system of determining the industry category of enterprise: China, CN107169036A.2017-04-19.]
[32] JACOBS J.The Nature of Economies. Toronto: Random House of Canada, 2010.
[33] BALASSA B.Trade liberalisation and "revealed" comparative advantage. The Manchester School, 1965, 33(2): 99-123.
[34] 盛科荣, 张红霞, 佀丹丹. 基于企业网络视角的城市网络研究进展与展望. 人文地理, 2018, 33(2): 11-17.
[SHENG K R, ZHANG H X, SI D D.Progress and prospect of urban networks research through the lens of corporate networks. Human Geography, 2018, 33(2): 11-17.]
[35] CAMAGNI R, CAPELLO R.Regional innovation patterns and the EU regional policy reform: Toward smart innovation policies. Growth and Change, 2013, 44(2): 355-389.]