《旅游资源分类、调查与评价》国家标准的更新审视与研究展望

doi:10.31497/zrzyxb.20200702

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旅游资源作为区域旅游发展独特的存在,是吸引旅游者进行旅游活动的关键要素,也是影响区域旅游经济发展的重要条件。总结国内旅游资源学术研究的发展趋势和研究主题,将其划分为萌芽起步期、发展成熟期和停滞衰退期三个研究阶段,研究主题则主要包括旅游资源概念界定、调查实践、评价与开发等;对2017年更新的《旅游资源分类、调查与评价》国家标准进行系统解读,重点分析其内容的全新变化并且深入剖析尚且存在的问题;对接学术研究与实践应用,重点从旅游资源概念、分类、调查和评价四个方面说明二者的互动关系和延伸讨论,明晰旅游资源研究与应用的重点内容和发展方向,以有益于理论与实践的相互影响和促进。

关键词: 实践应用, 计量分析, 研究展望, 旅游资源, 《旅游资源分类、调查与评价》

Abstract:

As an unique existence of regional tourism development, tourism resources are not only the key factors to attract tourists, but also the important factors to influence the development of regional tourism economy. Firstly, this paper summarizes the development trend and theme of tourism resources research in the domestic academic circle, which has gone through three development stages: initial stage, mature stage, stagnancy and decline stage. Research topics include concept definition, investigated practice, evaluation and development of tourism resources and so on. Secondly, this paper explains the updated Classification,Investigation and Evaluation of Tourism Resources published in 2017, focuses on the new changes of its content and deeply analyzes the existing problems. In the end, in combination of academic research and practical application, the interaction and extended discussion are illustrated from the following aspects: the analysis of concept about tourism resources, the classification of tourism resources, and the investigation and evaluation of tourism resources. And this paper clarifies the key content and development direction of tourism resources research and application, which is beneficial to the mutual influence and promotion of theory and practice.

Key words: practical application, research prospect, tourism resources, Classification,Investigation and Evaluation of Tourism Resources, econometric analysis

白凯, 王馨. 《旅游资源分类、调查与评价》国家标准的更新审视与研究展望[J]. 自然资源学报, 2020, 35(7): 1525-1540.

BAI Kai, WANG Xin. Renewal review and research prospect of Classification, Investigation and Evaluation of Tourism Resources for national standard of the People's Republic of China[J]. JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES, 2020, 35(7): 1525-1540.

参考文献

[1] 蔡运龙. 自然资源学原理. 北京: 科学出版社, 2008: 13-16.
[CAI Y L.Principle of Natural Resources Sciences. Beijing: Science Press, 2008: 13-16.]
[2] 刘云刚, 陆大道, 保继刚, 等. 如何回归地理学: 我的思考与实践. 地理研究, 2018, 37(6): 1049-1069.
[LIU Y G, LU D D, BAO J G, et al.How to revive geography: Our reflection and practice. Geographical Research, 2018, 37(6): 1049-1069.]
[3] 保继刚, 张骁鸣. 1978年以来中国旅游地理学的检讨与反思. 地理学报, 2004, 59(s1): 132-138.
[BAO J G, ZHANG X M.Touirsm geography in China (1978-2003): A review and retrospect. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2004, 59(s1): 132-138.]
[4] CHEN C M.CiteSpace Ⅱ: Detecting and visualizing emerging trends and transient patterns in scientific literature. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 2006, 57(3): 359-377.
[5] 保继刚, 楚义芳. 旅游地理学(修订版). 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2005: 72.
[BAO J G, CHU Y F.Tourism Geography (revised edition). Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2005: 72.]
[6] 曾瑜皙, 钟林生. 中国旅游资源评价研究回顾与展望. 湖南师范大学自然科学学报, 2017, 40(2): 1-10.
[ZENG Y X, ZHONG L S.Retrospects and prospects on the evaluation of tourism resources in China. Journal of Natural Science of Hunan Normal University, 2017, 40(2): 1-10.]
[7] 许春晓. 旅游资源非优区“依附式开发”论. 旅游学刊, 2005, 20(1): 76-79.
[XU C X.On the clinging development model for non-optimal tourism resource district. Tourism Tribune, 2005, 20(1): 76-79.]
[8] 许春晓. 21世纪中国旅游地理学的新领域: 旅游资源非优区研究. 旅游学刊, 2000, 15(1): 59-62.
[XU C X.A study of non-optimal tourism district: A new field of tourism geography science of China in the 21st century. Tourism Tribune, 2000, 15(1): 59-62.]
[9] 于涛方, 顾朝林, 徐逸伦, 等. 吉林省旅游资源评价与分析研究. 自然资源学报, 2002, 17(2): 198-202.
[YU T F, GU C L, XU Y L, et al.The evaluation and analysis of the tourist resources of Jilin province. Journal of Natural Resources, 2002, 17(2): 198-202.]
[10] 王芳, 朱大奎. 全球变化背景下可持续的滨海旅游资源开发与管理. 自然资源学报, 2012, 27(1): 1-16.
[WANG F, ZHU D K.Sustainable development and management of coastal tourism resources under the background of global change. Journal of Natural Resources, 2012, 27(1): 1-16.]
[11] 王馨, 高楠, 白凯. 遗产旅游研究的知识图谱分析: 基于1990年以来国内外的重要文献. 陕西师范大学学报: 自然科学版, 2018, 46(3): 117-124.
[WANG X, GAO N, BAI K.An analysis of heritage tourism research by knowledge map: Based on important literatures at home and aboard since 1990. Journal of Shaanxi Normal University: Natural Science Edition, 2018, 46(3): 117-124.]
[12] 李天元. 旅游学概论(第六版). 天津: 南开大学出版社, 2009: 116.
[LI T Y.Introduction to Tourism (the 6th edition). Tianjin: Nankai University Press, 2009: 116.]
[13] 郭来喜. 一门新兴的学科: 旅游地理学. 见: 中国科学院地理研究所编. 旅游地理文集. 北京: 科学出版社, 1982: 11-18.
[GUO L X.A new subject: Tourism geography. In: Institute of Geography of Chinese Academy of Sciences. Memoir of Tourism Geography. Beijing: Science Press, 1982: 11-18.]
[14] 陈传康, 刘振礼. 旅游资源鉴赏与开发. 上海: 同济大学出版社, 1990: 1-14.
[CHEN C K. LIU Z L.Appreciation and Development of Tourism Resources. Shanghai: Tongji University Press, 1990: 1-14.]
[15] 李天元. 旅游学(第三版). 北京:高等教育出版社, 2011: 91.
[LI T Y.Tourism Studies (the 3rd edition). Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2011: 91.]
[16] 马耀峰, 甘枝茂, 宋保平, 等. 旅游资源开发及管理(第三版). 天津: 南开大学出版社, 2013: 3.
[MA Y F, GAN Z M, SONG B P, et al.Tourism Resources Development and Management (the 3rd edition). Tianjin: Nankai University Press, 2013: 3.]
[17] 谢彦君. 基础旅游学(第四版). 北京: 商务印书馆, 2015: 91.
[XIE Y J.Basic Tourism Studies (the 4th edition). Beijing: The Commercial Press, 2015: 91.]
[18] 杨振之. 旅游资源的系统论分析. 旅游学刊, 1997, 12(3): 48-52, 61.
[YANG Z Z.Systematic analyses of the tourist resources. Tourism Tribune, 1997, 12(3): 48-52, 61.]
[19] 杨友宝, 王荣成, 李秋雨, 等. 东北地区旅游资源赋存演化特征与旅游业空间重构. 经济地理, 2015, 35(10): 194-201.
[YANG Y B, WANG R C, LI Q Y, et al.The evolution characteristics of tourism resources endowment in Northeast China and its industry space refactoring. Economic Geography, 2015, 35(10): 194-201.]
[20] 李莉, 侯国林, 夏四友, 等. 成都市休闲旅游资源空间分布特征及影响因素. 自然资源学报, 2020, 35(3): 683-697.
[LI L, HOU G L, XIA S Y, et al.Spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of leisure tourism resources in Chengdu. Journal of Natural Resources, 2020, 35(3): 683-697.]
[21] 游长江. 西沙群岛旅游资源调查与评价. 资源科学, 2015, 37(8): 1609-1620.
[YOU C J.Investigation of tourism resources in Xisha Islands. Resources Science, 2015, 37(8): 1609-1620.]
[22] 张瑞英. 遥感技术在黑竹沟风景旅游资源调查分类与评价中的应用. 干旱区地理, 2006, 29(6): 909-914.
[ZHANG R Y.Application of remote sensing in the investigation, classification and evaluation of tourism resources in the Heizhugou Scenery Area. Arid Land Geography, 2006, 29(6): 909-914.]
[23] 李鹏, 王英杰, 虞虎, 等. 基于GIS格网化分析支撑的旅游空间规划技术方法研究: 以青岛市为例. 自然资源学报, 2018, 33(5): 813-827.
[LI P, WANG Y J, YU H, et al.Study on method of tourism spatial planning based on GIS grid analysis: An example of Qingdao. Journal of Natural Resources, 2018, 33(5): 813-827.]
[24] 张博, 邓浩坤, 安宁, 等. 大数据背景下国内人文地理研究进展与方法审视. 人文地理, 2019, 34(3): 14-21.
[ZHANG B, DENG H K, AN N, et al.The re-examination of human geography research and the research methods in the context of big data. Human Geography, 2019, 34(3): 14-21.]
[25] 陈传康. 区域旅游资源的调查研究途径. 地理学与国土研究, 1996, 12(4): 47-52.
[CHEN C K.Investigation and research approaches of regional tourism resources. Geography and Geo-Information Science, 1996, 12(4): 47-52.]
[26] 叶继元. 人文社会科学评价体系探讨. 南京大学学报: 哲学, 人文科学, 社会科学版, 2010, 47(1): 97-110, 160.
[YE J Y.Approaching evaluation system in humanities and social science. Journal of Nanjing University: Philosophy, Humanities and Social Sciences, 2010, 47(1): 97-110, 160.]
[27] 汪侠, 顾朝林, 刘晋媛, 等. 旅游资源开发潜力评价的多层次灰色方法: 以老子山风景区为例. 地理研究, 2007, 26(3): 625-635.
[WANG X, GU C L, LIU J Y, et al.Multi-level grey evaluation of tourism resources exploration potential: A case of Laozi Mountain Tourism Attraction. Geographical Research, 2007, 26(3): 625-635.]
[28] 李悦铮, 牟方元, 梁娟. 湿地旅游资源评价指标体系构建与应用. 经济地理, 2019, 39(1): 192-197.
[LI Y Z, MOU F Y, LIANG J.Construction and application of evaluation index system for wetland tourism resources. Economic Geography, 2019, 39(1): 192-197.]
[29] 李悦铮, 李鹏升, 黄丹. 海岛旅游资源评价体系构建研究. 资源科学, 2013, 35(2): 304-311.
[LI Y Z, LI P S, HUANG D.Construction of an evaluation system for island tourism resources. Resources Science, 2013, 35(2): 304-311.]
[30] 李占海, 柯贤坤, 周旅复, 等. 海滩旅游资源质量评比体系. 自然资源学报, 2000, 15(3): 229-235.
[LI Z H, KE X K, ZHOU L F, et al.The appraisal system of beach tourism resources. Journal of Natural Resources, 2000, 15(3): 229-235.]
[31] 邹统钎, 金川, 王晓梅. 中国遗产旅游资源管理体制的历史演变、问题及改革路径研究. 资源科学, 2013, 35(12): 2325-2333.
[ZOU T Q, JIN C, WANG X M.The evolution, problems and reform of the Chinese system of heritage tourism management. Resources Science, 2013, 35(12): 2325-2333.]
[32] 王兴中. 中国旅游资源开发模式与旅游区域可持续发展理念. 地理科学, 1997, 17(3): 27-32.
[WANG X Z.The patterns of developing tourism resources and the reasonings of sustainable development of tourism areas in China. Scientia Geographica1 Sinica, 1997, 17(3): 27-32.]
[33] 钟林生, 张生瑞, 时雨晴, 等. 中国陆地边境县域旅游资源特征评价及其开发策略. 资源科学, 2014, 36(6): 1117-1124.
[ZHONG L S, ZHANG S R, SHI Y Q, et al.Evaluation and utilization strategies of land border tourism resources in China. Resources Science, 2014, 36(6): 1117-1124.]
[34] 许占君. 关于概念的内涵. 内蒙古大学学报: 人文社会科学版, 1998, 40(2): 103-107.
[XU Z J.The meaning of concept. Journal of Inner Mongolia University: Philosophy and Social Sciences, 1998, 40(2): 103-107.]
[35] 张法. 西方哲学中thing(事物)概念: 起源, 内蕴, 演变. 社会科学战线, 2013, 36(3): 45-53.
[ZHANG F.The concept of thing in western philosophy: Origin, connotation, evolution. Social Science Front, 2013, 36(3): 45-53.]
[36] 孙庆和. 现象定义新探. 教学与研究, 1987, 35(5): 79-80.
[SUN Q H.A new probe into the definition of phenomenon. Teaching and Research, 1987, 35(5): 79-80.]
[37] 吴必虎. 泛旅游需要更完善的旅游公共服务体系支持. 旅游学刊, 2012, 27(3): 3-4.
[WU B H.Pan-tourism needs more perfect tourism public service system support. Tourism Tribune, 2012, 27(3): 3-4.]
[38] 温兴琦. 对《国标》中旅游评价赋分标准的思考. 旅游论坛, 2008, 20(4): 11-13.
[WEN X Q.Some thoughts on evaluation standard in GB of tourism resource classification, survey and evaluation. Tourism Forum, 2008, 20(4): 11-13.]
[39] 叶继元. 信息概念规范表述刍议: 评《图书馆·情报与文献学名词》对“信息”的界定. 高校图书馆工作, 2019, 39(1): 16-20.
[YE J Y.Preliminary discussion on normalization of information concepts: Comment on the definition of "information" in Chinese Terms in Library＆Information Science. Library Work in Colleges and Universities, 2019, 39(1): 16-20.]
[40] 马广海. 论社会心态: 概念辨析及其操作化. 社会科学, 2008, 30(10): 66-73.
[MA G H.Social mentality: Analysis on concept and its operationalization. Journal of Social Sciences, 2008, 30(10): 66-73.]
[41] 谢彦君. 在旅游普查实践中用学术的眼光审视目前《国标》的得失. 旅游学刊, 2005, 20(4): 8-9.
[XIE Y J.Examining the success and failure of GB from the academic perspective in the practice of tourism census. Tourism Tribune, 2005, 20(4): 8-9.]
[42] 王利华. “资源”作为一个历史的概念. 中国历史地理论丛, 2018, 33(4): 35-45.
[WANG L H."Resources" as a historical concept. Journal of Chinese Historical Geography, 2018, 33(4): 35-45.]
[43] 孙鸿烈, 封志明. 资源科学研究的现在与未来. 资源科学, 1998, 20(1): 3-12.
[SUN H L, FENG Z M.Present and future of resources science. Resources Science, 1998, 20(1): 3-12.]
[44] 成升魁. 资源科学几个问题探讨. 资源科学, 1998, 20(2): 1-10.
[CHENG S K.Approach to issues of resources science. Resources Science, 1998, 20(2): 1-10.]
[45] REES R V.Clarity in the Usage of the Terms Ontology, Taxonomy and Classification. New Zealand: CIB Publication, 2003: 432-440.
[46] 陈世骧. 分类学的若干基本概念. 昆虫学报, 1961, 10(4-6): 321-338.
[CHEN S X.On the basic conceptions of taxonomy. Acta Entomologica Sinica, 1961, 10(4-6): 321-338.]
[47] 霍明远. 资源科学的内涵与发展. 资源科学, 1998, 20(2): 11-16.
[HUO M Y.Connotation and development of resources science. Resources Science, 1998, 20(2): 11-16.]
[48] 管华, 李艳. 资源科学几个基本问题的探讨. 自然资源学报, 2005, 20(3): 447-425.
[GUAN H, LI Y.An approach to basic questions of resources science. Journal of Natural Resources, 2005, 20(3): 447-425.]
[49] 风笑天. 方法论背景中的问卷调查法. 社会学研究, 1994, 9(3): 13-18.
[FENG X T.The method of questionnaire survey in the background of methodology. Sociological Research, 1994, 9(3): 13-18.]
[50] 艾尔·巴比. 邱泽奇译. 社会研究方法(第11版). 北京: 华夏出版社, 2009: 2.
[BABBLE E.Translated by QIU Z Q. The Practice of Social Research (the 11th edition). Beijing: Huaxia Publishing House, 2009: 2.]
[51] 张小天. 论操作化. 社会学研究, 1994, 9(1): 54-60.
[ZHANG X T.On operationalization. Sociological Research, 1994, 9(1): 54-60.]
[52] 陈田, 钟林生, 刘家明. 旅游资源标准应用过程中的几个认识误区. 旅游学刊, 2005, 20(6): 6-7.
[CHEN T, ZHONG L S, LIU J M.Some misunderstandings in the application of tourism resources standards. Tourism Tribune, 2005, 20(6): 6-7.]
[53] 尹泽生, 陈田, 牛亚菲, 等. 旅游资源调查需要注意的若干问题. 旅游学刊, 2006, 21(1): 14-18.
[YIN Z S, CHEN T, NIU Y F, et al.Some problems to be noticed in the investigation of tourism resources. Tourism Tribune, 2006, 21(1): 14-18.]
[54] 沈世伟, VIOLIER P.三十年来法国地理学界旅游资源研究方法的演进: 兼与中国现行旅游资源研究方法比较. 人文地理, 2010, 25(6): 139-142.
[SHEN S W, VIOLIER P.An evolution of the research approaches of tourism resources adopted by French geographers since 1980 and the comparison with which of China. Human Geography, 2010, 25(6): 139-142.]
[55] 苏为华. 多指标综合评价理论与方法问题研究. 厦门: 厦门大学, 2000.
[SU W H.Study on the theory and method of multi-index comprehensive evaluation. Xiamen: Xiamen University, 2000.]
[56] 郭嘉. STS视域下公共研发绩效评价的哲学思考. 沈阳: 东北大学, 2015.
[GUO J.Philosophical thinking on public R & D performance evaluation in STS perspective. Shenyang: Northeastern University, 2015.]
[57] 顾基发, 唐锡晋, 朱正祥. 物理—事理—人理系统方法论综述. 交通运输系统工程与信息, 2007, 7(6): 51-60.
[GU J F, TANG X J, ZHU Z X.Survey on Wuli-Shili-Renli system approach. Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology, 2007, 7(6): 51-60.]
[58] 顾基发. 物理事理人理系统方法论的实践. 管理学报, 2011, 8(3): 317-322.
[GU J F.Practice on Wuli-Shili-Renli system approach. Chinese Journal of Management, 2011, 8(3): 317-322.]
[59] 梁修存, 丁登山. 国外旅游资源评价研究进展. 自然资源学报, 2002, 17(2): 253-260.
[LIANG X C, DING D S.Trends of overseas studies of tourism resources evaluation. Journal of Natural Resources, 2002, 17(2): 253-260.]
[60] 刘锋. 旅游地理学在中国的发展回顾. 地理研究, 1999, 18(4): 434-443.
[LIU F.Review on the development of tourist geography in China. Geographical Research, 1999, 18(4): 434-443.]
[61] 林清清, 朱竑, 陶伟. 1987年来国家自然科学基金资助中的旅游地理学. 地理学报, 2014, 69(8): 1159-1176.
[LIN Q Q, ZHU H, TAO W.Tourism geography research funded by NSFC over the past 30 years. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2014, 69(8): 1159-1176.]
[62] 吴晋峰. 旅游吸引物、旅游资源、旅游产品和旅游体验概念辨析. 经济管理, 2014, 36(8): 126-136.
[WU J F.Concept research on tourism nucleus tourism resource tourism product and tourism experience. Business Management Journal, 2014, 36(8): 126-136.]
[63] 徐菊凤, 任心慧. 旅游资源与旅游吸引物: 含义、关系及适用性分析. 旅游学刊, 2014, 29(7): 115-125.
[XU J F, REN X H.Tourism resources and tourist attraction: Analysis on their meaning, relation and applicability. Tourism Tribune, 2014, 29(7): 115-125.]