张家口市排污工业点源空间分布格局

doi:10.31497/zrzyxb.20200613

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 基于工业污染源普查数据,采用缓冲区分析和热点分析法,分析冀西北张家口市工业点源空间分布格局,结果表明：（1）工业点源集中分布在以主城区为中心的东南—西北轴上的邻近区县。张北县和宣化区工业点源污染负荷最重。（2）工业点源在永定河水系分布最多,并在洋河流域形成带状分布,高负荷工业点源分布具有临河性、临城性,污染物排放高密度区在张北县、宣化区和万全区。（3）大型、中型、小型和微型企业都主要集中分布在坝下永定河水系,其次是内陆河水系。重度污染行业集中排放源分布在张北、沽源和康保县,轻度污染行业集中排放源分布在坝下永定河水系中洋河与清水河交汇处。通过分析工业点源空间分布格局,以期为政府部门调整规划工业和重点治理水污染区提供依据。

关键词: 工业点源, 缓冲区分析, 热点分析, 张家口市, 空间分布

Abstract: This research analyzes the spatial distribution pattern of industrial point sources and pollution loads in Zhangjiakou city, a central city in the northwest of Heibei province by buffer analysis and hotspot analysis, based on sewage industrial point source information database. The results show that: (1) Industrial point sources are concentrated in neighboring districts on the southeast-west axis of the main urban area. The industrial point source pollution of Zhangbei county and Xuanhua district are the heaviest. (2) Industrial point sources are mostly distributed in the Yongding River system, presenting a banded distribution in the Yanghe River Basin. The high load of water pollutant of industrial point sources is near the river and the city, and high density areas of pollutant discharge are concentrated in Zhangbei county, Xuanhua district and Wanquan district. (3) The large, medium, small and micro enterprises are mainly concentrated in the Yongding River system under the dam, followed by the inland river system. Major emitters of heavily polluting industries are mainly located in Zhangbei, Guyuan and Kangbao county, and major emitters of light pollution industries are concentrated in the intersection of Zhongyang River and Qingshui River in the Yongding River system under the dam. By analyzing the spatial distribution pattern of industrial point sources and their pollution load characteristics, this study can provide guidance for government departments to adjust planning industries and focus on water polluted areas.

Key words: Zhangjiakou city, spatial distribution, hotspot analysis, industrial point source, buffer analysis

仲佳, 于慧, 刘邵权. 张家口市排污工业点源空间分布格局[J]. 自然资源学报, 2020, 35(6): 1402-1415.

ZHONG Jia, YU Hui, LIU Shao-quan. Spatial distribution of sewage industrial point in Zhangjiakou city[J]. JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES, 2020, 35(6): 1402-1415.

参考文献

[1] 陈祖海, 雷朱家华. 中国环境污染变动的时空特征及其经济驱动因素. 地理研究, 2015, 34(11): 2165-2178.
[CHEN Z H, LEI Z J H. The spatial-temporal characteristics and economic drivers of environmental pollution changes in China. Geographical Research, 2015, 34(11): 2165-2178.]
[2] SELDEN T M, SONG D S.Environmental quality and development: Is there a Kuznets Curve for air pollution emissions. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 1994, 27(2): 147-162.
[3] HETTIGE H, MANI M, WHEELER D.Industrial pollution in economic development: The environmental Kuznets Curve revisited. Journal of Development Economics, 2000, 62(2): 445-476.
[4] COCA J, PADILLA E, FARRE M, et al.Economic growth and atmospheric pollution in Spain: Discussing the environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis. Ecological Economics, 2001, 39(1): 85-99.
[5] 李飞, 董锁成, 李泽红. 中国经济增长与环境污染关系的再检验: 基于全国省级数据的面板协整分析. 自然资源学报, 2009, 24(11): 1912-1920.
[LI F, DONG S C, LI Z H.The re-estimation of relationship between economic growth and environmental pollution in China: A panel co-integration analysis. Journal of Natural Resources, 2009, 24(11): 1912-1920.]
[6] WANG S J, FANG C L, WANG Y.Spatiotemporal variations of energy-related CO₂ emissions in China and its influencing factors: An empirical analysis based on provincial panel data. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2016, 55(1): 505-515.
[7] 杜鑫, 许东, 付晓, 等. 辽河流域辽宁段水环境演变与流域经济发展的关系. 生态学报, 2015, 35(6): 1955-1960.
[DU X, XU D, FU X, et al.An empirical research on the relationship between water environment and economic development in Liaohe River Watershed. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2015, 35(6): 1955-1960.]
[8] 王莉雯, 卫亚星. 沈阳市经济发展演变与碳排放效应研究. 自然资源学报, 2014, 29(1): 27-38.
[WANG L W, WEI Y X.The research on economic development and carbon emission effect of Shenyang. Journal of Natural Resources, 2014, 29(1): 27-38.]
[9] 魏龙, 潘安. 出口贸易和FDI加剧了资源型城市的环境污染吗: 基于中国285个地级城市面板数据的经验研究. 自然资源学报, 2016, 31(1): 17-27.
[WEI L, PAN A.Do export and FDI aggravate environmental pollution in resources-based cities: An empirical analysis based on panel data of 285 prefecture cities in China. Journal of Natural Resources, 2016, 31(1): 17-27.]
[10] 戎丽丽, 胡继连. 区域经济增长与水资源环境协调发展的脱钩状况评价: 基于山东省的实证分析. 价格理论与实践, 2016, (12): 192-195.
[RONG L L, HU J L.Evaluation on the decoupling between regional economic growth and water resources environment: Based on the empirical analysis of Shandong province. Price: Theory & Practice, 2016, (12): 192-195.]
[11] 章恒全, 陈卓然, 张陈俊. 长江经济带工业水环境压力与经济增长脱钩努力研究. 地域研究与开发, 2019, 38(2): 13-18, 30.
[ZHANG H Q, CHEN Z R, ZHANG C J.Decoupling efforts of environmental pressure of industrial wastewater and economic growth in Yangtze River Economic Belt. Areal Research and Development, 2019, 38(2): 13-18, 30.]
[12] 周孝德, 李怀恩. 渭河流域工业发展与水环境质量趋势分析. 水资源保护, 2001, (1): 18-20, 60.
[ZHOU X D, LI H E.Trend analysis on water environmental quality and industrial development in Weihe River Basin. Water Resources Protection, 2001, (1): 18-20, 60.]
[13] 李啸虎, 杨德刚. 水足迹视角下干旱区城市工业结构优化研究: 以乌鲁木齐市为例. 中国人口·资源与环境, 2015, 25(5): 170-176.
[LI X H, YANG D G.Structure optimization of urban industy in arid land based on water footprint: A case study of Urumqi. China Population, Resources and Environment, 2015, 25(5): 170-176.]
[14] HOSSEIN H M, KANEKO S.Can environment quality spread through institutions?. Energy Policy, 2013, 56(2): 312-321.
[15] FRANK A, MOUSSIOPOULOSB N, BARTONOVAC A, et al.Urban air quality in larger conurbations in the European Union. Environmental Modelling & Software, 2001, 16(4): 399-414.
[16] 赵小风, 黄贤金, 张兴榆, 等. 区域COD、SO₂及TSP排放的空间自相关分析: 以江苏省为例. 环境科学, 2009, 30(6): 1580-1587.
[ZHAO X F, HUANG X J, ZHANG X Y, et al.Application of spatial autocorrelation analysis to the COD, SO₂ and TSP emission in Jiangsu province. Environmental Science, 2009, 30(6): 1580-1587.]
[17] 张静, 段扬, 张伟, 等. 京津冀区域工业水污染排放空间密度特征研究. 生态环境学报, 2018, 27(1): 115-121.
[ZHANG J, DUAN Y, ZHANG W, et al.Spatial density estimation on the industrial water pollution emission in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. Ecology and Environment, 2018, 27(1): 115-121.]
[18] 徐林清, 聂楠. 污染物排放的空间集聚及其影响因素: 基于岭回归模型的分析. 生态经济, 2015, 31(5): 160-165.
[XU L Q, NIE N.Spatial agglomeration and influencing factors of pollutant emissions: The analysis based on Ridge Regression Model. Ecological Economy, 2015, 31(5): 160-165.]
[19] 周侃, 樊杰. 中国环境污染源的区域差异及其社会经济影响因素: 基于339个地级行政单元截面数据的实证分析. 地理学报, 2016, 71(11): 1911-1925.
[ZHOU K, FAN J.Regional disparity of environmental pollution source and its socio-economic influencing factors: Based on the cross-section data of 339 cities at prefecture level or above in China. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2016, 71(11): 1911-1925.]
[20] CHAPMAN K.The incorporation of environmental considerations into the analysis of industrial agglomerations: Examples from the petrochemical industry in Texas and Louisiana. Geoforum, 1983, 14(1): 37-44.
[21] 王兵, 聂欣. 产业集聚与环境治理: 助力还是阻力: 来自开发区设立准自然实验的证据. 中国工业经济, 2016, (12): 75-89.
[WANG B, NIE X.Industrial agglomeration and environmental governance: The power or resistance: Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment of establishment of the development zone. China Industrial Economics, 2016, (12): 75-89.]
[22] 苏李, 乔娟. 产业集聚发展与环境污染关系的考察: 来自中国制造业的证据. 科学学研究, 2011, (1): 79-85.
[SU L, QIAO J.The exploration of the relationship between the industrial agglomeration's developments and the environmental pollution: The evidence from the manufacturing in China. Studies in Science of Science, 2011, (1): 79-85.]
[23] 高爽, 魏也华, 陈雯, 等. 发达地区制造业集聚和水污染的空间关联: 以无锡市区为例. 地理研究, 2011, 30(5): 902-912.
[GAO S, WEI Y H, CHEN W, et al.Study on spatial-correlation between water pollution and industrial agglomeration in the developed region of China: A case study of Wuxi city. Geographical Research, 2011, 30(5): 902-912.]
[24] 蒋海兵, 徐建刚. 江苏淮河流域工业点源负荷空间分布特征研究. 长江流域资源与环境, 2016, 22(6): 742-749.
[JIANG H B, XU J G.Spatial distribution feature of industrial point source in Jiansu Huaihe River Basin. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2016, 22(6): 742-749.]
[25] 徐清华. 长三角制造业集聚对环境污染的影响研究. 上海: 上海师范大学, 2018.
[XU Q H.Study of the influence of manufacturing agglomeration on environmental pollution in the Yangtze River Delta. Shanghai: Shanghai Normal University, 2018.]
[26] 周侃, 王强, 樊杰. 经济集聚对区域水污染物排放的影响及溢出效应. 自然资源学报, 2019, 34(7): 1483-1495.
[ZHOU K, WANG Q, FAN J.Impact of economic agglomeration on regional water pollutant emissions and its spillover effects. Journal of Natural Resources, 2019, 34(7): 1483-1495.]
[27] 张文艺. GIS缓冲区和叠加分析. 长沙: 中南大学, 2009.
[ZHANG W Y.GIS buffer and overlay analysis. Changsha: Central South University, 2009.]
[28] 董鹏宇, 赵华甫. 耕地多功能权衡与协同关系研究: 以上海市青浦区为例. 长江流域与环境, 2019, 28(2): 368-372.
[DONG P Y, ZHAO H F.Study on trade-off and synergy relationship of cultivated land multifunction: A case of Qingpu district, Shanghai. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2019, 28(2): 368-372.]
[29] 中国物资再生协会. 环境保护部规划财务司有关负责人就《固定污染源排污许可分类管理名录(2017年版)》有关问题答记者问. 中国资源综合利用, 2017, 35(8): 2-5.
[China Material Recycling Association. Officials from the planning and finance department of the ministry of environmental protection answered questions on the catalogue of classified management of pollutant discharge permits for fixed sources (2017 edition). China Resources Comprehensive Utilization, 2017, 35(8): 2-5.]