京津冀西北典型区域地下水位时空演变及驱动因素

doi:10.31497/zrzyxb.20200604

自然资源学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (6): 1301-1313.doi: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20200604

• “冀西北水资源与生态环境”专栏 • 上一篇下一篇

京津冀西北典型区域地下水位时空演变及驱动因素

赵玉峰^{1, 2}, 罗专溪², 于亚军¹, 陈迎辉³, 张树刚⁴, 张清华²

1. 山西师范大学地理科学学院,临汾 041000;
2. 中国科学院城市环境研究所城市环境与健康重点实验室,厦门 361021;
3. 河北省地矿局第三地质大队,张家口 075000;
4. 河北省地矿局国土资源勘查中心,石家庄 050081

收稿日期:2019-08-22 修回日期:2020-01-06 出版日期:2020-06-28 发布日期:2020-06-28
通讯作者: 罗专溪（1979-）, 男, 福建泉州人, 博士, 副研究员, 研究方向为水文地理学。E-mail:zxluo@iue.ac.cn
作者简介:赵玉峰（1991-）, 男, 山西右玉人, 硕士, 研究方向为水资源管理。E-mail:468624617@qq.com
基金资助:
水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项（2017ZX07101001-02）

Spatio-temporal changes of groundwater level and its driving factors in a typical region of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, China

ZHAO Yu-feng^{1, 2}, LUO Zhuan-xi², YU Ya-jun¹, CHEN Ying-hui³, ZHANG Shu-gang⁴, ZHANG Qing-hua²

1. School of Geographical Science, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen 041000, Shanxi, China;
2. Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, CAS, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China;
3. Third Geological Brigade, Geology and Minerals Bureau of Hebei Province, Zhangjiakou 075000, Hebei, China;
4. Exploration Center of Land and Resources, Geology and Minerals Bureau of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050081, China

Received:2019-08-22 Revised:2020-01-06 Online:2020-06-28 Published:2020-06-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 京津冀西北地区是北京、天津重要的水源涵养区和生态屏障,也是“京津冀协同发展”战略重要的支撑区域。为揭示京津冀西北地区地下水位时空演变规律及其驱动因素,以张家口地区为研究区域,选取1981—2015年56个地下水位观测井连续观测数据、水文地质相关资料、气象数据、地下水资源开采数据和社会经济数据,对研究区内坝上高原、柴宣盆地、涿怀盆地和蔚阳盆地四个地貌单元地下水位时空演变规律和驱动因素进行分析。结果表明：张家口地区四个地貌单元及下辖各区县地下水位呈整体下降趋势,且下降速率逐步加快。35年间坝上高原水位降幅3.59 m<蔚阳盆地水位降幅3.6 m<涿怀盆地水位降幅7.17 m<柴宣盆地水位降幅20.41 m。张家口地区四个地貌单元地下水位动态变化与降雨量、蒸发量、气温等自然因素相关性较差,但与第一产业产值、常用耕地面积、有效灌溉面积、粮食总产量、蔬菜总产量、猪牛羊肉总产量、第二产业产值、第三产业产值和年末总人口等社会经济因素存在显著的相关性。在主成分分析中四个地貌单元前两个主成分的累计方差贡献率均>80%,其中第一个主成分主要为蔬菜总产量、猪牛羊肉总产量、年末总人口和第一、第二、第三产业产值等社会经济因素,不同地貌单元均可解释66%以上,表明社会经济因素是造成张家口地区地下水位持续下降的主要驱动因素。研究成果可为该地区未来社会经济的可持续发展和区域水资源的合理利用、调配以及京津冀西北地区水源涵养和生态功能保持提供理论依据。

关键词: 水资源, 驱动因素, 主成分分析, 张家口, 地下水位

Abstract: The northwest of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region is an important water conservation area and ecological barrier for Beijing and Tianjin. It is also an important regional support node for the "Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei coordinated development strategy". In order to reveal the spatial and temporal changes of groundwater level and its driving factors in northwest BTH region, 56 wells of groundwater level observation were selected from 1981 to 2015 in Zhangjiakou city as a typical region. Based on continuous observation data on hydrogeology, meteorology, groundwater resources exploitation and socioeconomic development, the spatial and temporal changes of groundwater level and its statistical analysis with the abovementioned data were performed in four geomorphic units of Bashang Plateau, Chaixuan Basin, Zhuohuai Basin and Yuyang Basin in the study area. Results showed that the groundwater level of the four geomorphic units in Zhangjiakou and districts and counties under its jurisdiction in general tended to decrease, and the decrease rate was gradually accelerated. In the past 35 years, the groundwater level of Bashang Plateau decreased by 3.59 m < 3.6 m in Yuyang Basin < 7.17 m in Zhuohuai Basin < 20.41 m in Chaixuan Basin. The changes of groundwater level in the four geomorphic units were not significantly correlated with natural factors such as precipitation, evaporation and temperature, but significant correlation between the total population and other socio-economic factors, including primary industry output value, common cultivated land area, effective irrigation area, total grain output, total vegetable output, total pork, beef and mutton output, secondary industry output value, tertiary industry output value and year-end total population. In the principal component analysis, the cumulative variance contribution rate of the first two principal components of the four geomorphic units was more than 80%. The first principal component was mainly socio-economic factors such as total vegetable production, total pork, beef and mutton production, year-end total population and output value of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries. All the first two principal components in the four geomorphic units can explain more than 66%, indicating that socio-economy was the main factor leading to the continuous decline of groundwater level in Zhangjiakou. The findings can provide new insights into the sustainable development of social economy and the rational utilization and allocation of regional water resources in the future, as well as water conservation and ecological function maintenance in the northwest of the BTH region.

Key words: groundwater level, principal component analysis, Zhangjiakou, driving factor, water resources

赵玉峰, 罗专溪, 于亚军, 陈迎辉, 张树刚, 张清华. 京津冀西北典型区域地下水位时空演变及驱动因素[J]. 自然资源学报, 2020, 35(6): 1301-1313.

ZHAO Yu-feng, LUO Zhuan-xi, YU Ya-jun, CHEN Ying-hui, ZHANG Shu-gang, ZHANG Qing-hua. Spatio-temporal changes of groundwater level and its driving factors in a typical region of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, China[J]. JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES, 2020, 35(6): 1301-1313.

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京津冀西北典型区域地下水位时空演变及驱动因素

Spatio-temporal changes of groundwater level and its driving factors in a typical region of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, China

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