滨海湿地盐沼植被修复中的种子产品制作过程及其有效性

doi:10.31497/zrzyxb.20191210

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对当前滨海湿地种子流在潮汐过程中种子有效沉降降低、土壤种子库分布不均、定植效率低和栖息地裸斑现象等关键问题,以黄河三角洲盐沼湿地的盐地碱蓬（Suaeda salsa）为修复物种,研发一种应用于滨海湿地盐沼植被修复的固态种子产品,阐述固态种子产品的制作过程,并开展三种不同保水材料为核心材料（聚丙烯酰胺PAM,羟乙基纤维素HEC,羟丙基甲基纤维素HPMC）的种子产品的有效性研究。研究结果表明：（1）包装制作后的盐地碱蓬种子的吸水倍率和保水持续时间显著高于普通天然种子,表现出良好的吸水保水特性;（2）包装后的盐地碱蓬种子受盐度梯度变化的影响较小,表现出良好的耐盐抗性;（3）包装后的盐地碱蓬种子具有更高的萌发潜力,而不同保水材料的种子产品包装对盐地碱蓬种子萌发的促进作用表现为PAM>HPMC>HEC>天然种子;（4）包装后的盐地碱蓬种子具有更短的悬浮时间和较快的平均沉降速度,表明了种子产品增强了盐地碱蓬种子抵抗水动力干扰的潜力,其中以PAM为保水材料的种子产品可以直接、快速地沉降。本文首次将种子产品技术应用于滨海湿地盐沼植被修复中,为种子产品技术在退化滨海湿地的植被修复领域的应用与实践提供了理论基础。

关键词: 盐沼湿地, 生态修复, 种子产品, 保水材料, 盐地碱蓬

Abstract:

A crucial question in restoration of coastal saltmarsh ecosystem is how to keep sustainable and evenly distributed seed banks, and approaches to enhance the seed settlement and germination. Thus, an urgent need is to develop a method by ameliorating the available conditions for seeds settlement and germination, thereby promoting the effectiveness of coastal vegetation restoration. Here, using an annual saltmarsh vegetation Suaeda salsa as a model species in the Yellow River Delta, we experimentally enveloped a thin layer outside each seed by three kinds of super absorbent materials, thereby testing their difference and providing an optimal selection for the restoration of Suaeda salsa. The materials we selected were polyacrylamide PAM, hydroxyethyl cellulose HEC, and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose HPMC, which of each harbors the high ability in water absorption. Firstly, we coated the powder of each kind of absorbent material outside the seeds; secondly, we experimentally manipulated a gradient of water salinity to know the coated seed germination vary with the salinity; thirdly, we experimentally released 30 seeds for testing their mean suspension time and 20 seeds for the whole process of settlement; in the end, we investigated the seeds germination with different absorbent materials. Our results showed that, compared to the natural seeds dispersed to the bare ground, seeds that were enveloped by the water retaining materials (i.e. seed product) significantly harbored more water and maintained the water for a longer time. Our findings are that seed product coated by absorbent materials presented shorter suspension time and quick settlement within the sea water; the seed product significantly increased the germination rate and salt tolerance In addition, we observed that PAM, HPMC and HEC differed significantly in making contribution to the seed suspension, settlement, and seed germination, showing that the seed product with PAM is higher than HPMC, HEC and natural seeds, successively. Our study provides an available approach for governing the persistence of the coastal seed banks, with important management implication to use artificial seed products in the restoration of degraded saltmarsh ecosystems.

Key words: saltmarsh, ecological restoration, seed coating, superabsorbent material, Suaeda salsa

隋皓辰, 马旭, 闫家国, 张树岩, 盖凌云, 刘泽正, 邱冬冬, 崔保山. 滨海湿地盐沼植被修复中的种子产品制作过程及其有效性[J]. 自然资源学报, 2019, 34(12): 2601-2614.

SUI Hao-chen, MA Xu, YAN Jia-guo, ZHANG Shu-yan, GAI Ling-yun, LIU Ze-zheng, QIU Dong-dong, CUI Bao-shan. Seed coating methods and availability for applying in the restoration of salt marsh vegetation in coastal wetlands[J]. JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES, 2019, 34(12): 2601-2614.

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种子产品类型	产品直径/mm	5粒重/g
PAM的种子产品	6.38±0.6512 a	0.8881±0.1559 b
HEC的种子产品	6.17±0.7025 a	0.8257±0.1098 b
HPMC的种子产品	6.28±0.5884 a	1.0989±0.0910 a
天然种子	2.68±0.2658 b	0.0020±0.0008 c

保水材料类型	吸水（25 ppt）倍率/ （g·g^-1）	保水持续时间/h
PAM	15.2956±1.1742 ab	23±0.5864 a
HEC	17.6671±1.2237 a	22±1.5216 a
HPMC	13.7958±2.1925 b	19±0.7389 b

种子产品类型	悬浮时间/s
PAM的种子产品	0 c
HEC的种子产品	42.00±12.0949 b
HPMC的种子产品	145.87±47.3465 a
天然种子	12小时内未沉降