我国粮食自给水平目标设定：研究综述与政策启示

doi:10.31497/zrzyxb.20191101

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 确保重要农产品特别是粮食供给,是实施乡村振兴战略的首要任务。粮食自给水平目标设定是粮食安全状况评价和政策制定的基础,直接影响到国家粮食产业发展的战略方向和实施路径。本文通过对已有关于我国粮食自给水平目标设定的文献进行研读,在总结粮食自给率相关概念和回顾国家粮食自给方针演变的基础上,着重对我国粮食自给率目标设定水平、依据、意义,以及自给率变动的原因和产生的影响等问题进行系统梳理。结果显示：现有研究对于我国粮食安全自给水平设定目标尚无明确且统一的判断。研究提出,现阶段应以资源环境承载力为硬约束,以保持粮食生产稳定性为红线,设定粮食总量自给水平目标替代自给率目标,通过充分利用国外资源和国际市场,更好地实现粮食安全保障与生态环境保护的高度统一。

关键词: 粮食自给水平, 政策启示, 粮食安全, 研究综述

Abstract: Ensuring the supply of important agricultural products, particularly food, is one of the primary tasks of implementing the strategy of rural revitalization. Setting the goal of food self-sufficiency level is the foundation of food security evaluation and food policy formulation, and this directly affects the strategic direction and implementation path of a nation's food industry development. Based on the review of the existing literatures regarding the goal setting of food self-sufficiency in China, this paper summarizes the relevant concepts of China's food self-sufficiency rate, reviews the evolution of food self-sufficiency policy at the national level, and focuses on the systematic summary of the level, basis and significance of the goal setting of China's food self-sufficiency rate, as well as the causes and effects of its change in recent years. The study results show that the concept of "food" is closer to the essential meaning of food security than the concept of "grain". However, in existing studies, there is no clear or unified judgment regarding the level of self-sufficiency required for food security in China, nor regarding the level of self-sufficiency allowed by resource conditions. This study proposes that the current stage take the carrying capacity of resources and the environment as a hard constraint and stable maintenance of grain production as the red line; replace the former grain self-sufficiency rate target with the total grain self-sufficiency target; and compensate for the gap between domestic supply and demand, by making full use of foreign resources and international markets. Doing so will allow us to more effectively achieve a higher level of unity of domestic food production with ecological environmental protection and food security.

Key words: research progress, policy enlightenment, food security, food self-sufficiency level

辛翔飞, 王济民. 我国粮食自给水平目标设定：研究综述与政策启示[J]. 自然资源学报, 2019, 34(11): 2257-2269.

XIN Xiang-fei, WANG Ji-min. Target setting of food self-sufficiency level in China: Literature review and policy enlightenment[J]. JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES, 2019, 34(11): 2257-2269.

参考文献

[1] 习近平.推进乡村振兴, 做好“三农”工作. 人民日报, 2019-03-09(6), http://paper.people.com.cn/rmrb/html/2019-03/09/nw.D110000renmrb_20190309_2-06.htm.
[XI J P.To promote rural revitalization and do a good job in work related to agriculture, rural areas and farmers. People's Daily, 2019-03-09(6), http://paper.people.com.cn/rmrb/html/2019-03/09/nw.D110000renmrb_20190309_2-06.htm.]
[2] 唐华俊. 新形势下中国粮食自给战略. 农业经济问题, 2014, 35(2): 4-10, 110.
[TANG H J.China's grain self-sufficiency strategy in the new situation. Issues in Agricultural Economy, 2014, 35(2): 4-10, 110.]
[3] 钱克明. 把中国人的饭碗牢牢端在自己手上. 见: 王济民, 中国农业科学院农业经济与政策顾问团专家论文集. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2014: 6-16.
[QIAN K M.Put the Chinese rice bowl firmly in their own hands. In: WANG J M, The Proceedings of the Advisory Group on Agricultural Economics and Policy of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Beijing: China Agricultural Press, 2014: 6-16.]
[4] 柯炳生. 我国粮食自给率与粮食贸易问题. 农业展望, 2007, (4): 3-6.
[KE B S.China's food self-sufficiency and food trade issues. Agricultural Outlook, 2007, (4): 3-6.]
[5] 杨明智, 裴源生, 李旭东. 中国粮食自给率研究: 粮食、谷物和口粮自给率分析. 自然资源学报, 2019, 34(4): 881-889.
[YANG M Z, PEI Y S, LI X D.Study on grain self-sufficiency rate in China: An analysis of grain, cereal grain and edible grain. Journal of Natural Resources, 2019, 34(4): 881-889.]
[6] 姜长云, 李显戈, 董欢. 关于我国粮食安全与粮食政策问题的思考: 基于谷物自给率与日、韩相关经验的借鉴. 宏观经济研究, 2014, (3): 3-10, 23.
[JIANG C Y, LI X G, DONG H.Reflections on food security and food policy in China: Based on grain self-sufficiency and the experience of Japan and South Korea. Macroeconomics, 2014, (3): 3-10, 23.]
[7] 马晓河. 新时期我国需要新的粮食安全制度安排. 国家行政学院学报, 2016, (3): 76-80.
[MA X H.Our country needs new food security system arrangement in the new period. Journal of Chinese Academy of Governance, 2016, (3): 76-80.]
[8] 叶兴庆. 准确把握国家粮食安全战略的四个新变化. 中国发展观察, 2014, (1): 6-7.
[YE X Q.Accurately grasp the four new changes of national food security strategy. China Development Observation, 2014, (1): 6-7.]
[9] 农业部软科学委员会办公室. 粮食安全与主要农产品供给. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2013: 18-25, 99-117.
[Office of Ministry of Agriculture Soft Science Committee. Food Security and the Supply of Major Agricultural Products. Beijing: China Agricultural Press, 2013: 18-25, 99-117.]
[10] 胡鞍钢. 立足国内基本自给适度进口促进交换: 中国21世纪粮食战略的基本选择. 经济研究参考, 1997, (67): 24-27.
[HU A G.Based on domestic basic self-sufficiency, moderate import, promote exchange: The basic choice of China's food strategy in the 21^st century. Review of Economic Research, 1997, (67): 24-27.]
[11] 李光泗, 徐翔, 孙文华. 入世后我国粮食自给率及播种面积调整研究. 农业经济, 2003, (4): 12-13.
[LI G S, XU X, SUN W H.Research on grain self-sufficiency and planting area adjustment after China's entry into WTO. Agricultural Economy, 2003, (4): 12-13.]
[12] 黄季焜. 四十年中国农业发展改革和未来政策选择. 农业技术经济, 2018, (3): 4-15.
[HUANG J K.Forty years of China's agricultural development reform and future policy choices. Journal of Agrotechnical Economics, 2018, (3): 4-15.]
[13] 史培军, 杨明川, 陈世敏. 中国粮食自给率水平与安全性研究. 北京师范大学学报: 社会科学版, 1999, (6): 74-80.
[SHI P J, YANG M C, CHEN S M.Research on the level and safety of China's food self-sufficiency rate. Journal of Beijing Normal University: Social Sciences, 1999, (6): 74-80.]
[14] 陈百明, 周小萍. 中国粮食自给率与耕地资源安全底线的探讨. 经济地理, 2005, 25(2): 145-148.
[CHEN B M, ZHOU X P.Discussion on China's grain self-sufficiency rate and the bottom line of the security of cultivated land resources. Economic Geography, 2005, 25(2): 145-148.]
[15] 卢良恕, 王健. 粮食安全. 杭州:浙江大学出版社, 2007: 3-6.
[LU L S, WANG J. FoodSecurity.Hangzhou: Zhejiang University Press, 2007: 3-6.]
[16] 程国强. 日本如何利用国际农产品市场. 农民日报, 2014-01-04(3),http://szb.farmer.com.cn/2014/20140104/20140104_003/20140104_003.html.
[CHENG G Q.How does Japan tap international agricultural markets. Farmers' Daily, 2014-01-04(3),http://szb.farmer.com.cn/2014/20140104/20140104_003/20140104_003.html.]
[17] 郭修平. 我国粮食自给率波动分析与粮食安全的保障. 中国农机化学报, 2016, 37(5): 258-263.
[GUO X P.Analysis of China's food self-sufficiency rate fluctuation and protection of food security. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2016, 37(5): 258-263.]
[18] 吕新业, 冀县卿. 关于中国粮食安全问题的再思考. 农业经济问题, 2013, 34(9): 15-24.
[LYU X Y, JI X Q.Rethinking on food security in China. Issues in Agricultural Economy, 2013, 34(9): 15-24.]
[19] VERBURG P H, CHEN Y, VELDKAMP T.Spatial explorations of land use change and grain production in China. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 2000, 82(1): 333-354.
[20] CHEN J.Rapid urbanization in China: A real challenge to soil protection and food security. Catena, 2007, 69(1): 1-15.
[21] 王济民, 张灵静, 欧阳儒彬. 改革开放四十年我国粮食安全: 成就、问题及建议. 农业经济问题, 2018, (12): 14-18.
[WANG J M, ZHANG L J, OUYANG R B.Food security in China during the 40 years of reform and opening up: Achievements, problems and suggestions. Issues in Agricultural Economy, 2018, (12): 14-18.]
[22] 厉为民. 21世纪初我国粮食安全的国际环境及进口战略. 农业发展与金融, 1998, (3): 40-42.
[LI W M.The international environment and import strategy of China's food security in the early 21^st century. Agricultural Development and Finance, 1998, (3): 40-42.]
[23] 刘旭, 王济民, 王秀东. 粮食作物产业可持续发展战略研究. 北京: 科学出版社, 2017: 101-107.
[LIU X, WANG J M, WANG X D.Research on Sustainable Development Strategy of Food Crop Industry. Beijing: Science Press, 2017: 101-107.]
[24] 韩俊. 中国粮食安全与农业走出去战略研究. 北京: 中国发展出版社, 2014: 13-15.
[HAN J.Research on China's Food Security and Agriculture Going out Strategy. Beijing: China Development Press, 2014: 13-15.]
[25] 瞿商. 我国粮食政策的目标及其相机选择: 新中国粮食政策演变的一种解析. 粮食问题研究, 2003, (5): 17-21.
[QU S.The objective and choice of our grain policy: An analysis of the evolution of grain policy in new China. Grain Issues Research, 2003, (5): 17-21.]
[26] 李国祥. 中国粮食安全评论. 北京: 金城出版社, 2015: 1-25, 67-73.
[LI G X.China Food Security Review. Beijing: Gold Wall Press, 2015: 1-25, 67-73.]
[27] 孔祥智. 农业供给侧结构性改革的基本内涵与政策建议. 改革, 2016, (2): 104-115.
[KONG X Z.The basic connotation and policy suggestion of agricultural supply-side structural reform. Reform, 2016, (2): 104-115.]
[28] 程国强. 中国需要新粮食安全观. 乡村科技, 2017, (6): 10-11.
[CHENG G Q.China needs a new concept of food security. Rural Science and Technology, 2017, (6): 10-11.]
[29] 朱满德, 张振, 程国强. 建构新型国家粮食安全观: 全局观、可持续观与全球视野. 贵州大学学报: 社会科学版, 2018, 36(6): 27-33.
[ZHU M D, ZHANG Z, CHENG G Q.Constructing a new concept of national food security: Holistic concept, sustainable concept and global perspective. Journal of Guizhou University: Social Sciences, 2018, 36(6): 27-33.]
[30] 姚成胜, 殷伟, 李政通. 中国粮食安全系统脆弱性评价及其驱动机制分析. 自然资源学报, 2019, 34(8): 1720-1734.
[YAO C S, YIN W, LI Z T.The vulnerability assessment and driving mechanism analysis of China's food security system. Journal of Natural Resources, 2019, 34(8): 1720-1734.]
[31] 孙倩, 李晓云, 杨志海, 等. 粮食与营养安全研究评述及展望. 自然资源学报, 2019, 34(8): 1782-1796.
[SUN Q, LI X Y, YANG Z H, et al.Food and nutrition security: A literature review and prospects for research. Journal of Natural Resources, 2019, 34(8): 1782-1796.]
[32] 辛翔飞, 孙致陆, 王济民, 等. 国内外粮价倒挂带来的挑战、机遇及对策建议. 农业经济问题, 2018, (3): 15-22.
[XIN X F, SUN Z L, WANG J M, et al.Challenges, opportunities and countermeasures brought by food price inversion at home and abroad. Issues in Agricultural Economy, 2018, (3): 15-22.]
[33] 杜鹰. 当务之急是完善重要农产品价格形成机制. 农村工作通讯, 2017, (2): 47.
[DU Y.It is urgent to improve the pricing mechanism of important agricultural products. Rural Work Communication, 2017, (2): 47.]
[34] 彭超. 价格下调后, 改革如何推向纵深?. 农民日报, 2018-02-14(3), http://szb.farmer.com.cn/2018/20180214/20180214_003/20180214_003.html.
[PENG C.After the price cuts, how to push the reform to the depth?. Farmer's Daily, 2018-02-14(3), http://szb.farmer.com.cn/2018/20180214/20180214_003/20180214_003.html.]
[35] 倪洪兴. 我国重要农产品产需与进口战略平衡研究. 农业经济问题, 2014, 35(12): 18-24.
[NI H X.Research on strategic balance between production demand and import of important agricultural products in China. Issues in Agricultural Economy, 2014, 35(12): 18-24.]
[36] 马晓河, 黄蓓. 当今我国利用了多少世界农业资源. 农业经济问题, 2012, 33(12): 4-10, 110.
[MA X H, HUANG B.How many world agricultural resources have been utilized in China today. Issues in Agricultural Economy, 2012, 33(12): 4-10, 110.]
[37] 韩俊. 农业供给侧结构性改革是乡村振兴战略的重要内容. 中国经济时报, 2017-11-21(1), http://jjsb.cet.com.cn/show_495315.html.
[HAN J.Agricultural supply-side structural reform is an important part of rural revitalization strategy. China Economic Times, 2017-11-21(1), http://jjsb.cet.com.cn/show_495315.html.]
[38] 胡冰川. 对大豆进口与农产品贸易的基本认识与策略思考. 中国社会科学院城乡发展一体化智库研究专报, 2018, (12): 1-4.
[HU B C.Basic understanding and strategic thinking on soybean import and agricultural products trade. Special Report on Integration of Urban and Rural Development Think Tank of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, 2018, (12): 1-4.]
[39] 张云华. 农业农村改革40年主要经验及其对乡村振兴的启示. 改革, 2018, (12): 14-26.
[ZHANG Y H.The main experience of agricultural and rural reform for 40 years and its enlightenment to rural revitalization. Reform, 2018, (12): 14-26.]
[40] 尚强民. 关于粮食自给率的讨论: 兼析粮食供求形势新变化. 中国粮食经济, 2013, (10): 15-18.
[SHANG Q M.On the discussion of food self-sufficiency: And analysis of new changes in the situation of food supply and demand. China'sGrain Economy, 2013, (10): 15-18.]
[41] 高云才. 扩大美国农产品进口符合中方利益. 人民日报, 2018-05-24(2), http://paper.people.com.cn/rmrb/html/2018-05/24/nw.D110000renmrb_20180524_4-02.htm.
[GAO Y C.Expanding the import of US agricultural products is in the interest of China. People's Daily, 2018-05-24(2), http://paper.people.com.cn/rmrb/html/2018-05/24/nw.D110000renmrb_20180524_4-02.htm.]
[42] 钟钰, 陈博文, 王立鹤, 等. 我国粮食进口对国际粮价的影响: “大国效应”的验证: 以三大主粮为例. 中国农业大学学报: 社会科学版, 2015, 32(6): 119-125.
[ZHONG Y, CHEN B W, WANG L H, et al.The impact of China's grain imports on international food prices: Verification of the "Great Power Effect": Taking the three main grains as an example. Journal of China Agricultural University: Social Sciences, 2015, 32(6): 119-125.]
[43] 任理轩. 坚持绿色发展. 人民日报, 2015-12-22(7),http://opinion.people.com.cn/n1/2015/1222/c1003-27958390.html.
[REN L X.Adhere to green development. People's Daily, 2015-12-22(7), http://opinion.people.com.cn/n1/2015/1222/c1003-27958390.html.]
[44] 毛学峰, 刘靖, 朱信凯. 中国粮食结构与粮食安全: 基于粮食流通贸易的视角. 管理世界, 2015, (3): 76-85.
[MAO X F, LIU J, ZHU X K.Grain structure and food security: Grain circulation and trade. Management World, 2015, (3): 76-85.]