多源遥感数据支持下的县域尺度生态效率测算及稳健性检验——以长江中游城市群为例

doi:10.31497/zrzyxb.20190606

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

生态效率是评价区域生态文明水平的重要依据,也是地理学与经济学开展资源环境综合研究的常用指标和变量,县域尺度生态效率测度的研究匮乏,制约了上述问题在县域层面上开展。在长江经济带生态优先和绿色发展国家战略下,以长江中游城市群为研究区域,依托多源遥感数据构建县域尺度生态效率测算指标体系,应用非合意产出超效率EBM模型测算2000-2015年县域生态效率,利用GIS空间分析工具揭示其时空分异规律和空间关联特征。并设计稳健性检验方案,对县域尺度生态效率测度路径科学性及稳健性进行检验。结果表明：（1）各年份长株潭城市群和环鄱阳湖城市群所辖县域的生态效率均优于武汉城市圈所辖县域;（2）研究期内生态效率维持高位区域包括武汉市辖区等12个县市,生态效率持续低值区域包括瑞昌市等7个县市;（3）县域生态效率H-H集聚区由衡阳市、株洲市及其周边至2015年成片消失,L-L集聚区则按照顺时针走向,逐步形成围绕武汉市的闭合环形区域;（4）基于市域生态效率排名对比的稳健性检验表明,县域生态效率测度路径和结果具有较高可信度。

关键词: 生态效率, 县域, 遥感数据, EBM模型, 稳健性检验, 长江中游城市群

Abstract:

Ecological efficiency is an important basis for evaluating the level of regional ecological civilization. It is also a common index and variable for the comprehensive study of resources and environment in geography and economics. The lack of research on the measure of ecological efficiency at the county level has restricted the above-mentioned problems to be researched at the county level. Constructing a scientific path for measuring ecological efficiency at the county level is conducive to accurately identifying the regional economic and social ecological development pattern and providing a possibility for county-level government green performance assessment. Under the national strategy of ecological priority and green development of the Yangtze River economic belt, taking the middle reaches of the Yangtze River as the research area and relying on the multi-source remote sensing data to construct the index system for estimating the ecological efficiency of the county scale, the ecological efficiency of the county area from 2000 to 2015 was calculated by using the non-consensual output EBM super efficiency model, and the GIS spatial analysis tool was used to reveal spatial differences and spatial correlation characteristics. A robust test scheme is designed to test the scientificity and robustness of the county-scale ecoefficiency measurement path. The results show that: (1) The ecological efficiency of the counties under the jurisdiction of Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration and Poyang Lake urban agglomeration is better than that of the counties under the jurisdiction of Wuhan urban agglomeration. (2) During the study period, the ecological efficiency of 12 counties and cities such as Wuhan maintained a high level, while that of 7 counties and cities such as Ruichang maintained a low level. (3) The H-H concentration area of ecological efficiency in the early stage is mainly in Hengyang, Zhuzhou and its surrounding areas. By 2015, these areas had disappeared. The L-L agglomeration area of ecological efficiency follows the clockwise trend and gradually forms a closed circular area around the city of Wuhan. (4) The robustness test based on the comparison of city ecological efficiency rankings shows that the measurement path and results of county ecological efficiency constructed in this paper have high reliability.

Key words: ecological efficiency, county-scale, remote sensing data, EBM, robustness test, urban agglomeration in the Middle Reaches of Yangtze River

马勇, 童昀, 任洁. 多源遥感数据支持下的县域尺度生态效率测算及稳健性检验——以长江中游城市群为例[J]. 自然资源学报, 2019, 34(6): 1196-1208.

Yong MA, Yun TONG, Jie REN. Calculation and robustness test of county-scale ecological efficiency based on multi-source remote sensing data:Taking the urban agglomeration in the Middle Reaches of Yangtze River as an example[J]. JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES, 2019, 34(6): 1196-1208.

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目标层	准则层		指标层	数据来源
县域尺度生态效率	投入指标	土地投入	建设用地面积	中国土地利用现状遥感监测数据
		土地投入	耕地面积	中国土地利用现状遥感监测数据
		资源投入	能源消耗指数	DMSP/OLS夜间灯光数据
		资本投入	全社会固定资产投资	《中国县域统计年鉴》《湖北省统计年鉴》《湖南省统计年鉴》《江西省统计年鉴》
		劳动力投入	年末总人口
	产出指标	经济产出	GDP
		经济产出	地方财政一般预算收入
		环境产出（非合意）	NO₂年均浓度	气溶胶反演遥感数据
		环境产出（非合意）	PM_2.5年均浓度	气溶胶反演遥感数据

年份	2000年		2005年		2010年		2015年
年份	Moran's I	P值	Moran's I	P值	Moran's I	P值	Moran's I	P值
长江中游城市群	0.11445	0.00859	0.21212	0.00000	0.18925	0.00002	0.13475	0.00204
武汉城市圈	-0.02282	0.92772	0.00994	0.73398	0.20210	0.00382	0.14273	0.03592
长株潭城市群	0.26960	0.00023	0.15202	0.02832	0.10010	0.12535	0.02579	0.54814
环鄱阳湖城市群	-0.09085	0.45569	0.00768	0.83375	-0.11600	0.31775	-0.06161	0.64036

目标层	准则层		指标层	单位
市域尺度生态效率	投入指标	资本投入	全社会固定资产投资	亿元
		劳动力投入	就业人员数	万人
		土地投入	建成区面积	km²
		资源投入	供水总量	万t
		资源投入	全社会用电量	亿kW·h
	产出指标	经济产出	GDP	亿
		经济产出	地方财政一般预算收入	万元
		环境产出（非合意）	工业废水排放量	万t
			工业二氧化硫排放量	万t
			工业烟(粉)尘排放量	万t

城市	路径一		路径二		排名差异	城市	路径一		路径二		排名差异
城市	生态效率	排名	生态效率	排名	排名差异	城市	生态效率	排名	生态效率	排名	排名差异
鹰潭市	1.2220	1	1.3732	1	0	咸宁市	0.9124	17	1.1154	3	14
萍乡市	1.1052	2	1.0402	8	-6	景德镇市	0.8835	18	0.7912	22	-4
新余市	1.0670	3	1.0541	6	-3	宜春市	0.8644	19	1.0231	10	9
长沙市	1.0528	4	1.1137	4	0	上饶市	0.8508	20	1.0263	9	11
武汉市	1.0522	5	1.0422	7	-2	吉安市	0.8393	21	1.0204	12	9
鄂州市	1.0405	6	1.0754	5	1	南昌市	0.8317	22	0.8316	21	1
潜江市	1.0337	7	1.1440	2	5	娄底市	0.8274	23	0.6967	28	-5
仙桃市	1.0234	8	1.0062	16	-8	襄阳市	0.8040	24	0.7715	24	0
常德市	1.0131	9	1.0229	11	-2	九江市	0.7856	25	0.6733	30	-5
宜昌市	1.0090	10	1.0096	13	-3	黄石市	0.7710	26	0.6316	31	-5
天门市	1.0081	11	1.0092	14	-3	益阳市	0.7554	27	0.7566	25	2
衡阳市	1.0025	12	1.0022	17	-5	黄冈市	0.7384	28	0.8646	19	9
湘潭市	1.0001	13	0.7403	26	-13	荆门市	0.7184	29	0.7365	27	2
株洲市	0.9403	14	0.7736	23	-9	孝感市	0.6901	30	0.8606	20	10
岳阳市	0.9320	15	1.0087	15	0	荆州市	0.6516	31	0.6939	29	2
抚州市	0.9133	16	0.8957	18	-2