无人机遥感调查黄河源玛多县岩羊数量及分布

doi:10.31497/zrzyxb.20190512

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本研究于2017年利用无人机航拍调查对黄河源玛多县县域内的岩羊种群数量进行了估算,并对其分布规律进行了研究。无人机航拍共获取影像23784张,有效面积326.6 km²,通过目视解译,获取样带内的岩羊种群数量为203只,种群密度为0.6215只/km²。通过推算,得到玛多县岩羊种群数量为8968只。对玛多县岩羊分布位置与环境因子的分析结果显示：岩羊偏好于选择海拔为4100~4200 m、距公路大于3 km、距悬崖峭壁200 m以内的区域活动。本研究利用无人机航拍样带调查估算黄河源玛多县岩羊种群数量与密度,并结合ArcGIS软件对其生境进行分析,将3S技术与野生动物调查相结合,为青藏高原地区大型野生动物相关研究提供了新思路。

关键词: 地理信息系统, 种群数量估算, 无人机遥感, 岩羊, 黄河源玛多县

Abstract:

In this study, Maduo county, the source region of the Yellow River, was selected as the research area. In 2017, UAV aerial survey was used to estimate the population of the blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur) and its distribution. The effective area of aerial surveys was 326.6 km², and 23784 images were acquired. The population in the survey transect was 203, which was identified visually on computer monitors by human observers, and the density was 0.6215/ km². A total of 12 groups of blue sheep were found in the transects, of which 6 groups had a cluster size of 2-10, accounting for 50% of the total. Estimation of population of blue sheep in Maduo county was 8968, which was based on the relationship of different types of grassland area between transects and the whole county. In this way, the area of non-vegetation types (such as bare stone gravel, water bodies, glaciers, towns, high-speed and national roads) is deducted, and the influence of human disturbance is considered. This avoided overestimation of the blue sheep population. The relationship between the distribution density of blue sheep and ecological factors of habitat was analyzed. Results show that blue sheep preferred an area within 1 km from rural settlements, 3 km away from roads, 1-3 km from water sources, within 200 m from the cliff and with an elevation of 4100-4200 m, vegetation coverage of 0-0.4, slope over 5°, vegetation type of Stipa purpurea + Subordinate grass and Kobresia pygmaea. The environmental factors of the blue sheep habitat may have a correlation with each other, in order to identify the environmental factors that have a major impact on the choice of habitat, and describe the preference more accurately, principal component analysis was carried out. The results showed that altitude, distance from the road and distance from the cliff were the main environmental factors affecting the choice of habitat of blue sheep. In this study, a UAV aerial sampling survey was conducted to estimate the population and density of the blue sheep in the study county. Aided by ArcGIS, the habitat was analyzed. The combination of 3S technology and wildlife surveys provides a new idea for the research on wildlife in the Tibetan Plateau.

Key words: Geographic Information System, population census, UAV remote sensing, blue sheep, Maduo county

郭兴健, 邵全琴, 杨帆, 李愈哲, 汪阳春, 王东亮. 无人机遥感调查黄河源玛多县岩羊数量及分布[J]. 自然资源学报, 2019, 34(5): 1054-1065.

Xing-jian GUO, Quan-qin SHAO, Fan YANG, Yu-zhe LI, Yang-chun WANG, Dong-liang WANG. Using UAV remote sensing for a population census of blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur) in Maduo county, source region of the Yellow River[J]. JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES, 2019, 34(5): 1054-1065.

图/表 8

图1

表1

表2

图2

表3

图3

表4

岩羊对环境因子的选择性"

项目	因子	调查样方数/个	岩羊选择样方数/个	$W i$	$E i$	选择性
距农村居民点距离/km	≤1	47191	18	0.71	0.36	PS
	1~2	167257	23	0.25	-0.13	NS
	>2	142020	3	0.04	-0.79	NS
距公路距离/km	≤1	31711	1	0.14	-0.40	NS
	1~3	64448	2	0.14	-0.41	NS
	>3	260309	41	0.72	0.36	PS
距水源距离/km	≤1	293799	21	0.16	-0.35	NS
	1~3	61738	23	0.84	0.43	PS
	>3	931	0	0	-1.00	NOS
植被盖度	0≤FC<0.2	72385	18	0.61	0.51	PS
	0.2≤FC<0.4	187117	24	0.31	0.22	PS
	0.4≤FC<0.6	63090	2	0.08	-0.44	NS
	0.6≤FC<0.8	20482	0	0	-1.00	NOS
	0.8≤FC<1	13394	0	0	-1.00	NOS
坡度/°	≤2（微斜）	62821	1	0.05	-0.72	NS
	2~5（缓斜）	133274	5	0.13	-0.44	NS
	>5（斜坡）	160373	38	0.82	0.42	PS
海拔高度/m	4000~4100	5153	0	0	-1.00	NOS
	4100~4200	37232	18	0.77	0.59	PS
	4200~4300	216678	23	0.17	-0.08	RS
	4300~4400	84660	3	0.06	-0.56	NS
	4400~4500	12745	0	0	-1.00	NOS
距悬崖峭壁距离/m	≤100	25150	19	0.52	0.22	PS
	100~200	24752	17	0.47	0.17	PS
	>200	306566	4	0.02	-0.86	NS
植被类型	高山嵩草+杂类草草地型	35662	0	0	-1.00	NOS
	高山嵩草+紫花针茅草地型	13013	0	0	-1.00	NOS
	禾叶风毛菊草地型	3949	0	0	-1.00	NOS
	紫花针茅+杂类草草地型	140067	29	0.35	0.52	PS
	藏嵩草+苔草草地型	10754	0	0	-1.00	NOS
	藏嵩草草地型	2504	0	0	-1.00	NOS
	高山嵩草草地型	36975	13	0.60	0.69	PS
	赖草草地型	32279	0	0	-1.00	NOS
	紫花针茅草地型	81265	2	0.04	-0.45	NS

表4

表5

参考文献 21

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参数	电动固定翼无人机	飞马F1000固定翼无人机
翼展	1.6 m	1.6 m
有效载荷	0.5 kg	1.0 kg
最大起飞重量	3 kg	3 kg
发动机	电动	电动
续航时间	90 min	60 min
飞行速度	72 km/h	60 km/h
相机型号	ILCE-5100	ILCE-5100
集成相机数量	2个（两个相机夹角130°,重叠度50%）	1个
焦距	30 mm	30 mm
大小	6000×4000像素	6000×4000像素

参数	参数值
设定航高	250 m
拍摄架次	14次
照片数量	23784个
飞行覆盖总面积	350 km²
有效利用面积	326.6 km²
设定分辨率	0.05 m
实际分辨率	0.04~0.07 m

种群规模/只	岩羊
种群规模/只	群数/群	头只数/只
1	0 (0)	0 (0)
2~10	6 (50%)	31 (15.27%)
11~20	3 (25%)	52 (25.62%)
21~50	2 (16.67%)	64 (27.47%)
≥51	1 (8.33%)	56 (31.53%)
共计	12 (100%)	203 (100%)

环境因子	主成分
环境因子	1	2	3
海拔高度	0.943	0.144	-0.152
距水源地距离	0.841	-0.398	-0.032
距农村居民点距离	0.768	0.159	0.203
植被类型	-0.629	0.541	0.336
距公路距离	-0.484	-0.781	-0.119
植被盖度	0.486	0.525	0.015
坡度	-0.415	0.519	-0.382
距悬崖峭壁距离	0.003	-0.118	0.915
特征值	3.224	1.666	1.176
贡献率/%	40.302	20.827	14.697
贡献率累计值/%	46.060	61.129	75.826