自然资源学报

自然资源学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (5): 989-1002.doi: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20190507

• 资源经济 • 上一篇    下一篇

精准扶贫与生态补偿的对接机制及典型途径——基于林业的案例分析

刘春腊1,2(), 徐美3,4(), 周克杨1, 曾凡超1, 刘子明1   

  1. 1. 湖南师范大学资源与环境科学学院,长沙 410081
    2. 湖南省人居环境学研究基地,衡阳 421002
    3. 中南林业科技大学 旅游学院,长沙 410004
    4. 湖南省环境教育研究中心,衡阳 421008
  • 收稿日期:2018-08-28 修回日期:2018-12-20 出版日期:2019-05-28 发布日期:2019-05-28
  • 作者简介:

    作者简介：刘春腊（1985- ）,男,湖南衡阳人,博士,副教授,研究方向为人文地理与区域发展。E-mail: liuchunla111@163.com

  • 基金资助:
    教育部人文社会科学青年科学基金项目（16YJC840012）;湖南省社会科学成果评审委员会课题（XSP18YBZ059）;湖南省教育厅科学研究项目（17K056）;湖南省科技支撑计划项目（2016SK2019）;湖南省人居环境学研究基地开放基金项目（RJ18K041）;湖南省环境教育研究中心开放基金（HJ14K01）

Coupling development mechanism and typical ways of targeted poverty alleviation and eco-compensation in China:Case analysis based on forestry

Chun-la LIU1,2(), Mei XU3,4(), Ke-yang ZHOU1, Fan-chao ZENG1, Zi-ming LIU1   

  1. 1. College of Resources and Environment Sciences, Hunan Norman University, Changsha 410081, China
    2. Hunan Provincial Key Research Base of Social Sciences for Human Settlements, Hengyang 421002, Hunan, China
    3. College of Tourism, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
    4. Environmental Education Research Center of Hunan Province, Hengyang 421008, Hunan, China
  • Received:2018-08-28 Revised:2018-12-20 Online:2019-05-28 Published:2019-05-28

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摘要：

生态补偿是我国生态建设、环境保护领域的一项重要政策,精准扶贫是我国促进区域协调发展、确保贫困人口如期脱贫的重要举措,两者在客体、主体、载体、标准、方式及途径等方面存在对接点。国家提出“通过生态补偿脱贫一批”,各区域也结合实际情况,将生态补偿与精准扶贫相结合开展了相关工作。当前,中国精准扶贫与生态补偿的对接途径主要有贫困人口与生态补偿对象、扶贫地域与生态补偿地区、产业扶贫与生态补偿措施、贫困程度与生态补偿标准、扶贫政策与生态补偿需求等方面的对接,各有其内涵及特征。为进一步促进精准扶贫与生态补偿的对接发展,可从加强理论研究、明晰对接方向及重点、夯实公众基础、创新发展途径等方面采取措施。

关键词: 生态补偿, 精准扶贫, 对接, 中国

Abstract:

Eco-compensation is an important policy of ecological construction and environmental protection in China. Targeted poverty alleviation is also a significant measure to promote regional coordinated development and ensure that impoverished people can get rid of poverty on schedule. There are some coupling points between the two, such as objects, subjects, carriers, standards, ways and means. China has put forward "a set of poverty alleviation through eco-compensation". Many regions, in light of their actual situations, have also carried out relevant works by combining eco-compensation with targeted poverty alleviation. At present, there are some connections and coupling developments between targeted poverty alleviation and eco-compensation in China. The five typical coupling developments are shown in the following. (1) Coupling development between poor population and eco-compensation object. For the poor people with labor capacity, the government will employ them as forest rangers. As for the targets of poverty alleviation, they will be directly included in the scope of preferential policies of eco-compensation funds and receive subsidies under eco-compensation policies. (2) Coupling development between poverty alleviation region and eco-compensation area. In China, most of the poverty-stricken areas, such as concentrated areas with special difficulties, key counties for poverty alleviation and development, and poverty stricken villages, are distributed in ecologically fragile areas whose ecosystems are sensitive and need to be protected. (3) Coupling development between poverty alleviation industry and eco-compensation measure. The local governments guide the poor to realize green transfer of production, help the impoverished villages to adjust and optimize their industrial structure and transform the mode of economic development, train the impoverished households in planting and raising, and help them to develop special industries such as rural forest tourism, famous and special cash crops, farm recreation, and under-forest economy. (4) Coupling development between poverty intensity and eco-compensation standard. In China, we have implemented regional differential compensation policies, such as appropriately raising eco-compensation standards for poverty stricken villages and poor households, raising subsidies for ecological public welfare forests, and increasing the salaries of forest rangers, etc. In some regions, when determining the key poverty alleviation targets, we, in addition to considering poverty factors such as economic income, should also figure out whether these poverty alleviation targets undertake ecological construction tasks, such as ecological public welfare forest protection, and finally determine the corresponding compensation standards based on their ecological contribution. (5) Coupling development between poverty alleviation policy and eco-compensation requirement. In defining the object of poverty alleviation, priority should be given to the impoverished population who bear the task of public forest protection. In the arrangement of poverty alleviation funds and development funds, such as subsidies for returning farmland to forests and subsidies for under-forest economy arranged by various sectors, are preferentially inclined to the poorer households under the same conditions. In the key areas of poverty alleviation, priorities should be given to the fields of ecological environment construction and protection, the ecological industry development, and some other aspects which are closely related to eco-compensation policies. Each has its own connotation and characteristics. In order to further promote the coupling development between targeted poverty alleviation and eco-compensation in China, we can take measures in many aspects, such as strengthening theoretical researches, clearing the direction and focus of coupling, consolidating the public foundation, and innovating the development model.

Key words: eco-compensation, targeted poverty alleviation, coupling development, China