自然资源学报

自然资源学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (4): 890-910.doi: 10.31497/zrzyxb.20190417

• 笔谈 • 上一篇    

新时代中国乡村振兴：探索与思考——乡村地理青年学者笔谈

杨忍1(), 文琦2, 王成3, 杜国明4, 李伯华5, 曲衍波6, 李红波7, 许家伟8, 贺艳华9, 马利邦10, 李智11, 乔陆印12, 曹智13, 戈大专7, 屠爽爽14, 陈秧分15()   

  1. 1. 中山大学地理科学与规划学院,广州 510275
    2. 宁夏大学资源环境学院,银川 750021
    3. 西南大学地理科学学院,重庆 400715
    4. 东北农业大学资源与环境学院,哈尔滨 150030
    5. 衡阳师范学院城市与旅游学院,衡阳 421002
    6. 山东财经大学公共管理学院,济南 250014
    7. 南京师范大学地理科学学院,南京 210023
    8. 城乡协调发展河南省协同创新中心/河南财经政法大学,郑州 450046
    9. 湖南师范大学资源与环境科学学院,长沙 410081
    10. 西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院,兰州 730070
    11. 河北师范大学资源与环境科学学院,石家庄 050024
    12. 山西大学城乡发展研究院,太原 030006
    13. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京 100101
    14. 南宁师范大学北部湾环境演变与资源利用教育部重点实验室,南宁 530001
    15. 中国农业科学院农业经济与发展研究所,北京 100081
  • 收稿日期:2018-12-22 修回日期:2019-03-01 出版日期:2019-04-20 发布日期:2019-04-20
  • 作者简介:

    作者简介：杨忍（1984- ）,男,贵州毕节人,博士,副教授,博士生导师,主要从事乡村地理学、城乡发展与土地利用研究。E-mail: yangren0514@163.com

  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目（41501187,41571161,41601178,41741022,41771560,41801175,41871177）

Discussions and thoughts of the path to China's rural revitalization in the new era: Notes of the young rural geography scholars

YANG Ren1(), WEN Qi2, WANG Cheng3, DU Guo-ming4, LI Bo-hua5, QU Yan-bo6, LI Hong-bo7, XU Jia-wei8, HE Yan-hua9, MA Li-bang10, LI Zhi11, QIAO Lu-yin12, CAO Zhi13, GE Da-zhuan7, TU Shuang-shuang14, CHEN Yang-fen15()   

  1. 1. School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
    2. School of Resources and Environment, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
    3. School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
    4. School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
    5. College of City and Tourism, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang 421002, Hunan, China
    6. School of Public Management, Shandong University of Finance and Economic, Jinan 250014, China
    7. School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
    8. Collaborative Innovation Center of Urban-Rural Coordinated Development, Henan University of Economics and Law, Zhengzhou 450046, China
    9. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
    10. College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
    11. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
    12. China Urban-Rural Development Institute, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
    13. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
    14. Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf, the Ministry of Education, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China
    15. Institute of Agricultural Economics and Development, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2018-12-22 Revised:2019-03-01 Online:2019-04-20 Published:2019-04-20

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摘要：

乡村振兴是新时期国家重大战略,是一项系统工程。中国地域广阔,资源禀赋和经济发展区域差异显著,乡村振兴路径需要体现乡村发展的综合性、复杂性和区域性。来自乡村地理学领域的16位青年学者,以笔谈方式,对中国乡村振兴的科学路径开展了深入讨论。核心观点如下：（1）乡村振兴需要遵循时空分异规律,重点关注乡村发展的时空传承与现实需求之间的衔接,建立彰显地域特色和具有可操行性的理论和技术体系,分类、有序地推进乡村的人居环境、产业体系、生态环境和治理模式等转型。（2）力求城乡融合和联动,构建城乡复合多中心网络体系,创新采用“乡村群”空间组织模式,以乡村内生力、城镇辐射力与规划约束力共同驱动乡村振兴。（3）在中国“大国小农”的基本国情下,农业承载着食品安全、社会稳定和生态产品等多重功能,需要构建农业“全价值链”的发展路径,促进一二三产业深度融合,助力乡村产业兴旺。（4）在能源富集区,在保障国家能源安全需求前提下,需从根本上解决农村发展不平衡不充分问题;在西南地区,依托山区特色生态、人文资源打造山区现代农业产业体系、重塑乡村旅游新品牌、构筑山水田园乡村家园;在东北地区,乡村振兴应与“东北振兴”战略协同推进,有序分类推进;在长三角地区,应在全面认知乡村工业化到乡村城镇化,再到乡村特色化,到乡村的社会、文化和生态建设的阶段演化特征基础上,寻求差异化的乡村振兴路径;在西北地区,应在生态保护的前提下有效提升乡村“自主脱贫”的能力,实现从“输血”扶贫向“造血”扶贫转变;在京津冀地区,需以城乡基本公共服务均等化为目标,推动城乡融合与乡村振兴;在资源型地区,乡村振兴核心将以一二三产业融合的高效农业体系替代以资源开采为核心的产业体系;在传统农区,优化耕地利用转型同农村劳动力结构变化的耦合格局是实现乡村振兴的关键;在经济发达地区,具有“混杂性”特征的乡村,需激活农村土地资源的资产和资本属性,推进空间有序整合与活化,寻求多主体共同参与和缔造的现代乡村治理模式。

关键词: 乡村振兴, 城乡融合, 乡村发展, 乡村地理学, 中国

Abstract:

The rural revitalization, as a national strategy in the new era, puts forward the requirements and goals of the thriving industry, pleasant living environments, social etiquette and civility, effective governance and prosperity. China is a country with a vast territory, marked by regional differences in resource and economic development levels. What's more, rural areas are complex, diverse, and have many problems. Rural revitalization is a systematic project with comprehensive, complex and regional characteristics. Sixteen young scholars in the field of rural geography across the country have conducted in-depth discussions and reflections on the scientific path of rural revitalization in China. The core points are as follows: (1) In accordance with the law of time-space distribution, we should fully understand the connection between the historical basis of rural development and the practical needs, establish a theoretical and technical system that highlights regional characteristics and has operability, and promote the transformation of rural residential environment, industrial system and governance mode in a classified and orderly manner. (2) Rural revitalization strives for the integration between urban and rural areas to build a compound multi-center network system, which breaks through the village and town systems of traditional linear "central place", and innovate the spatial organization mode of "village cluster". Rural endogenous force, urban radiation force and planning binding force jointly drive rural revitalization. (3) The agriculture has multiple functions such as food safety, social stability, and ecological products. Its development needs to create the whole value chain of agriculture to promote the integration of primary, secondary and tertiary industries. (4) In energy-rich areas, we should fundamentally solve the problem of unbalanced and inadequate rural development under the premise of ensuring the national energy security demand. In Southwest China, we should take advantage of ecology and human resources to build a modern agricultural industry system, remodel the brand of rural tourism, and build landscape rural homes. In Northeast China, rural revitalization must proceed in an orderly and classified way in the process of synergistic promotion of the "northeast revitalization" strategy. In the Yangtze River Delta region, it is necessary to cognize the evolutionary stages from rural industrialization to rural urbanization, and then to rural characteristics with more and more emphasis on the social, cultural and ecological construction of rural areas, seeking a scientific path of rural revitalization. In Northwest China, we propose to effectively improve the ability of "independent poverty alleviation" in rural areas under the premise of ecological protection, and realize the transformation from "transfusing blood" to "producing blood". In the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, oriented by equalization of basic public services in urban and rural areas, we will promote the development of urban-rural integration and rural revitalization. In resource-oriented areas, rural industries will replace the industrial system formed around resource exploitation with an efficient agricultural system integrating primary, secondary and tertiary industries. In traditional agricultural areas, it is necessary to optimize the coupling pattern between farmland use transformation and rural labor structure change, which is an important means to achieve rural revitalization. In economically developed areas, villages with "mixed" characteristics need to activate the assets and capital attributes of rural land resources, promote the integration and activation of spatial order, and comprehensively explore the modern rural governance mode with the participation of multiple subjects.

Key words: rural revitalization, urban-rural integration, rural development, rural geography, China