基于信息熵的乡村生产空间系统演化及其可持续发展能力

doi:10.31497/zrzyxb.20190411

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

乡村生产空间系统演化是乡村生产空间系统内部及其与外部系统间进行物质、能量和信息交换的表征或结果,这一结果的优劣是实现系统可持续发展的内生物质基础与保障。以重庆市为研究区,以2001-2015年为研究时段,基于信息熵,从支持型输入熵、压力型输出熵、氧化型代谢熵、还原型代谢熵四个方面构建乡村生产空间系统演化指标体系,揭示乡村生产空间系统的演变规律和可持续发展能力,探析乡村生产空间系统熵变与可持续发展能力之间协同演化过程中的相关关系,设计乡村生产空间系统优化路径。结果表明：（1）2001-2015年重庆市乡村生产空间系统熵流为0.017~-0.049,熵产生为0.204~0.059,均呈下降趋势,乡村生产空间系统的协调性和活力得以增强;总熵变为0.221~0.010,呈相同趋势,乡村生产空间系统有序度不断提高,总体上向健康水平发展。（2）2001-2015年重庆市乡村生产空间系统可持续发展能力得分为1.285~2.803,呈上升趋势,系统可持续发展态势良好,并不断向可持续方向演进。（3）可持续发展能力得分与支持型输入熵、还原型代谢熵正相关,与压力型输出熵、氧化型代谢熵负相关,与熵流、熵产生和总熵变负相关。

关键词: 乡村生产空间系统, 信息熵, 演化, 可持续发展能力, 重庆市

Abstract:

The evolution of the rural production space system is the representation or result of the exchange of material, energy and information within and out of the rural production space system. The pros and cons of this result is the endogenous material basis and guarantee which can realize the sustainable development of the system. This study sets Chongqing as the research area with a research period from 2001 to 2015 and establishes the index system of rural production space system evolution from four aspects of support-type input entropy, pressure-type output entropy, oxidation-type metabolism entropy and deoxidization-type metabolism entropy based on information entropy. The study reveals the evolution law and sustainable development capacity of rural production space system, analyzes the relationship between entropy change and sustainable development capacity of rural production space system in the process of co-evolution, and designs the optimal path for rural production space system. The results shows that: (1) From 2001 to 2015, the entropy flow of rural production space system in Chongqing is from 0.017 to -0.049 and the entropy production is from 0.204 to 0.059, which shows a downward trend; and the coordination and vitality of rural production space system are enhanced. The total entropy change is from 0.221 to 0.010, showing the same trend; the degree of order in rural production space system keeps improving, and generally, it is developing towards a healthy level. (2) From 2001 to 2015, the score of sustainable development capacity of rural production space system in Chongqing is from 1.285 to 2.803, showing an upward trend. The sustainable development of the system is in a good state and is evolving towards the sustainable direction. (3) The score of sustainable development capacity is positively correlated with support-type input entropy and deoxidization-type metabolism entropy, negatively correlated with pressure-type output entropy and oxidation-type metabolism entropy, and negatively correlated with entropy flow, entropy production and total entropy change.

Key words: rural production space system, information entropy, evolution, sustainable development capacity, Chongqing

何焱洲, 王成. 基于信息熵的乡村生产空间系统演化及其可持续发展能力[J]. 自然资源学报, 2019, 34(4): 815-828.

HE Yan-zhou, WANG Cheng. The evolution and sustainable development capacity of rural production space system based on information entropy[J]. JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES, 2019, 34(4): 815-828.

图/表 6

图1

表1

表2

表3

图2

表4

参考文献 28

[1]	王成, 李颢颖. 乡村生产空间系统的概念性认知及其研究框架. 地理科学进展, 2017, 36(8): 913-923.
	[WANG C, LI H Y.Conceptual and research frameworks of rural production space system. Progress in Geography, 2017, 36(8): 913-923.]
[2]	龙花楼. 中国乡村转型发展与土地利用. 北京: 科学出版社, 2012.
	[LONG H L.Rural Transformation and Land Use in China. Beijing: Science Press, 2012.]
[3]	王国刚, 刘合光, 钱静斐, 等. 中国农业生产经营主体变迁及其影响效应. 地理研究, 2017, 36(6): 1081-1090.
	[WANG G G, LIU H G, QIAN J F, et al.The change of agricultural business entities and its influence effect. Geographical Research, 2017, 36(6): 1081-1090.]
[4]	LONG H L, LIU Y S, Wu X Q, et al.Spatio-temporal dynamic patterns of farmland and rural settlements in Su-Xi-Chang region: Implications for building a new countryside in coastal China. Land Use Policy, 2009, 26(2): 322-333.
[5]	李玉恒, 刘彦随. 中国城乡发展转型中资源与环境问题解析. 经济地理, 2013, 33(1): 61-65.
	[LI Y H, LIU Y S.Investigation of the resource & environment issues in the urban-rural transition in China. Economic Geography, 2013, 33(1): 61-65.]
[6]	王成, 马小苏, 唐宁, 等. 农户行为视角下的乡村生产空间系统运行机制及重构启示. 地理科学进展, 2018, 37(5): 636-646.
	[WANG C, MA X S, TANG N, et al.Operational mechanism and restructuring of rural production space system from the perspective of farming household behavior. Progress in Geography, 2018, 37(5): 636-646.]
[7]	ANTROP M.Landscape change: Plan or chaos. Landscape and Urban Planning, 1998, 41(3-4): 155-161.
[8]	MARTIN M A, TAGUAS F J.Fractal modeling, characterization and simulation of particle size distribution in soil. Proceedings of the royal society of London. Series A, 1998, 454(1973): 1457-1468.
[9]	LARSEN T A, GUJER W.The concept of sustainable urban water management. Water Science and Technology, 1997, 35(9): 3-10.
[10]	HERRMANN-PILLATH C, KIRCHERT D, PAN J.Disparities in Chinese economic development: Approaches on different levels of aggregation. Economic Systems, 2002, 26(1): 31-54.
[11]	WELL MANN J F, REGENAUER-LIEB K. Uncertainties have a meaning: Information entropy as a quality measure for 3D geological models. Tectonophysics, 2012, 526-529(2): 207-216.
[12]	林珍铭, 夏斌, 董武娟. 基于信息熵的广东省土地利用结构时空变化分析. 热带地理, 2011, 31(3): 266-271.
	[LIN Z M, XIA B, DONG W J.Analysis on temporal-spatial changes of land-use structure in Guangdong province based on information entropy. Tropical Geography, 2011, 31(3): 266-271.]
[13]	王晓娇, 陈英, 齐鹏, 等. 土地利用结构动态演变及预测研究: 以张掖市为例. 干旱区资源与环境, 2012, 26(4): 86-91.
	[WANG X J, CHEN Y, QI P, et al.Dynamic evolution and prediction of land use structure in Zhangye. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2012, 26(4): 86-91.]
[14]	肖思思, 吴春笃, 储金宇. 1980-2005年太湖地区土地利用变化及驱动因素分析. 农业工程学报, 2012, 28(23): 1-10.
	[XIAO S S, WU C D, CHU J Y.Land use changes and driving forces in Tai Lake region from 1980 to 2005. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2012, 28(23): 1-10.]
[15]	覃琳, 邱凌, 朱玉碧, 等. 基于主成分分析法的重庆市九龙坡区土地利用变化驱动机理研究. 中国农学通报, 2012, 28(5): 240-246.
	[QIN L, QIU L, ZHU Y B, et al.Research on land use change and drive mechanism of Jiulongpo districtin Chongqing based on principle components analysis. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2012, 28(5): 240-246.]
[16]	谭永忠, 吴次芳. 区域土地利用结构的信息熵分异规律研究. 自然资源学报, 2003, 18(1): 112-116.
	[TAN Y Z, WU C F.The laws of the information entropy values of land use composition. Journal of Natural Resources, 2003, 18(1): 112-116.]
[17]	耿海青, 谷树忠, 国冬梅. 基于信息熵的城市居民家庭能源消费结构演变分析: 以无锡市为例. 自然资源学报, 2004, 19(2): 257-262.
	[GENG H Q, GU S Z, GUO D M.Analyses on evolution of household energy consumption structure based on information entropy. Journal of Natural Resources, 2004, 19(2): 257-262.]
[18]	ZHANG Y, YANG Z, LI W.Analyses of urban ecosystem based on information entropy. Ecological Modelling, 2006, 197(1-2): 1-12.
[19]	冯健. 杭州市人口密度空间分布及其演化的模型研究. 地理研究, 2002, 21(5): 635-646.
	[FENG J.Modeling the spatial distribution of urban population density and its evolution in Hangzhou. Geographical Research, 2002, 21(5): 635-646.]
[20]	林珍铭, 夏斌. 熵视角下的广州城市生态系统可持续发展能力分析. 地理学报, 2013, 68(1): 45-57.
	[LIN Z M, XIA B.Analysis of sustainable development ability of the urban ecosystem in Guangzhou city in the perspective of entropy. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2013, 68(1): 45-57.]
[21]	王龙, 徐刚, 刘敏. 基于信息熵和GM(1, 1)的上海市城市生态系统演化分析与灰色预测. 环境科学学报, 2016, 36(6): 2262-2271.
	[WANG L, XU G, LIU M.Analysis and forecasting of shanghai urban ecosystem evolution based on information entropy and GM (1, 1). Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2016, 36(6): 2262-2271.]
[22]	张妍, 杨志峰, 何孟常, 等. 基于信息熵的城市生态系统演化分析. 环境科学学报, 2005, 25(8): 1127-1134.
	[ZHANG Y, YANG Z F, HE M C, et al.Analyses on evolution of urban complex ecosystem based on information entropy. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2005, 25(8): 1127-1134.]
[23]	张广纳, 邵景安, 王金亮, 等. 三峡库区重庆段农村面源污染时空格局演变特征. 自然资源学报, 2015, 30(7): 1197-1209.
	[ZHANG G N, SHAO J A, WANG J L, et al.Spatial and temporal variations of agricultural non-point source pollution in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area of Chongqing. Journal of Natural Resources, 2015, 30(7): 1197-1209.]
[24]	SHANNON C E.A mathematical theory of communication. Bell System Technical Journal, 1948, 27(3): 379-423.
[25]	JOHN E C, SHI L, SAMANTHA J.Environment as the stage for economic actors. Chinese Journal of Population, Resources and Environment, 2007, 5(1): 3-8.
[26]	徐建华, 高玉景. 地理系统演化的自组织途径、影响因素及熵标志. 系统辩证学学报, 2001, 9(3): 53-57.
	[XU J H, GAO Y J.The self-organizing way, influencing factors and entropy change of geographical system evolution. Chinese Journal of Systems Science, 2001, 9(3): 53-57.]
[27]	KELLY K L.A systems approach to identifying decisive information for sustainable development. European Journal of Operational Research, 1998, 109(2): 452-464.
[28]	SAATY T L.Decision making-the analytic hierarchy and network process (AHP/ANP). Journal of Systems, 2004, 13(1): 1-35.

项目	符号与公式	含义
支持型输入熵	∆_eS₁	揭示乡村生产空间系统的支持作用
压力型输出熵	∆_eS₂	揭示乡村生产发展给乡村生产空间系统造成的压力
氧化型代谢熵	∆_iS₂	揭示乡村生产空间系统中各类生产行为对自然环境的负面影响
还原型代谢熵	∆_iS₁	揭示人类对乡村生产空间系统的环境保护和污染物治理能力
熵流	∆_eS₂-∆_eS₁	揭示乡村多元主体的生产活动与环境保护之间的互动作用,主要反映乡村生产空间系统对乡村生产发展的承载力,表征系统的协调性
熵产生	∆_iS₂-∆_iS₁	揭示乡村生产空间系统内部环境污染产生与环境净化的互动作用,反映乡村生产空间系统在代谢过程中的还原再生能力,表征系统的活力
总熵变	(∆_eS₂-∆_eS₁)+(∆_iS₂-∆_iS₁)	揭示乡村生产空间系统的总体演进方向,表征系统的有序度和健康水平。系统总熵变为“正熵”,表明系统无序度增加;系统总熵变为“负熵”,表明系统有序度增强

目标层	准则层	次准则层	要素层	单位	权重
乡村生产空间系统演化分析	熵流	支持型输入熵指标（A）	粮食总产量A₁	t	0.019
			蔬菜总产量A₂	t	0.104
			水果总产量A₃	t	0.063
			水产品总产量A₄	t	0.124
			肉类总产量A₅	t	0.073
			农林牧渔业总产值A₆	元	0.096
			乡镇企业总产值A₇	元	0.101
			乡村旅游综合收入A₈	元	0.173
			农村居民人均纯收入A₉	元/人	0.115
			农产品进出口总值A₁₀	万USD	0.132
		压力型输出熵指标（B）	乡村地域内从业人口数量B₁	人	0.058
			乡村旅游接待游客人次B₂	人次	0.064
			农村居民家庭经营费用支出B₃	元/人	0.052
			农林水事务财政支出B₄	元	0.095
			第一产业能源终端消耗量B₅	t标准煤	0.097
			农业用水量B₆	m³	0.097
			农用化肥施用量B₇	t	0.189
			农膜使用量B₈	t	0.121
			农药使用量B₉	t	0.064
			乡村生产用电量B₁₀	kW·h	0.163
	熵产生	氧化型代谢熵指标（C）	化肥污染排放量C₁	t	0.149
			作物秸秆污染排放量C₂	t	0.135
			畜禽养殖污染排放量C₃	t	0.136
			农业源化学需氧量排放量C₄	t	0.112
			农业源化学氨氮排放量C₅	t	0.132
			乡镇企业废水排放量C₆	t	0.127
			乡镇企业废气排放量C₇	t	0.088
			乡镇企业固体废弃物排放量C₈	t	0.121
		还原型代谢熵指标（D）	森林覆盖率D₁	%	0.112
			自然保护区占比D₂	%	0.085
			退耕还林率D₃	%	0.058
			沼气池产气总量D₄	%	0.139
			农业废弃物综合利用率D₅	m³	0.083
			乡村卫生厕所普及率D₆	%	0.092
			水土流失治理率D₇	%	0.109
			乡村生产废水无害化处理率D₈	%	0.063
			乡村环保投资占GDP比率D₉	%	0.115
			乡村累计粪便无害化处理率D₁₀	%	0.144

项目	年份
项目	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015
支持型输入熵	0.343	0.341	0.346	0.345	0.344	0.315	0.335	0.338	0.337	0.344	0.359	0.367	0.377	0.387	0.393
压力型输出熵	0.360	0.358	0.357	0.348	0.345	0.346	0.344	0.346	0.350	0.350	0.367	0.364	0.359	0.346	0.344
氧化型代谢熵	0.422	0.417	0.408	0.406	0.405	0.407	0.403	0.398	0.395	0.377	0.362	0.346	0.339	0.336	0.332
还原型代谢熵	0.218	0.231	0.238	0.251	0.257	0.279	0.270	0.270	0.269	0.281	0.261	0.273	0.272	0.276	0.273
熵流	0.017	0.017	0.011	0.003	0.001	0.031	0.009	0.008	0.013	0.006	0.008	-0.003	-0.018	-0.041	-0.049
熵产生	0.204	0.186	0.170	0.155	0.148	0.128	0.133	0.128	0.126	0.096	0.101	0.073	0.067	0.060	0.059
总熵变	0.221	0.203	0.181	0.158	0.149	0.159	0.142	0.136	0.139	0.102	0.109	0.070	0.049	0.019	0.010

相关性（Pearson系数）	支持型输入熵	压力型输出熵	氧化型代谢熵	还原型代谢熵	熵流	熵产生	总熵变	可持续发展能力得分
支持型输入熵	1.000	0.142	-0.878^**	0.216	-0.934^**	-0.699^**	-0.826^**	0.878^**
压力型输出熵	0.142	1.000	-0.112	-0.402	0.222	0.087	0.139	-0.041
氧化型代谢熵	-0.878^**	-0.112	1.000	-0.607^*	0.824^**	0.945^**	0.967^**	-0.981^**
还原型代谢熵	0.216	-0.402	-0.607^*	1.000	-0.358	-0.833^**	-0.727^**	0.625^*
熵流	-0.934^**	0.222	0.824^**	-0.358	1.000	0.720^**	0.864^**	-0.879^**
熵产生	-0.699^**	0.087	0.945^**	-0.833^**	0.720^**	1.000	0.972^**	-0.939^**
总熵变	-0.826^**	0.139	0.967^**	-0.727^**	0.864^**	0.972^**	1.000	-0.982^**
可持续发展能力得分	0.878^**	-0.041	-0.981^**	0.625^*	-0.879^**	-0.939^**	-0.982^**	1.000