基于MCR模型的大别山核心区生态安全格局异质性及优化

doi:10.31497/zrzyxb.20190408

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以大别山核心区精准扶贫对象岳西县为研究单元,选择10个生态阻力因子建立生态安全评价指标体系,利用ArcGIS构建生态阻力面,应用空间数据探索分析方法（Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis,ESDA）、最小累积阻力模型（Minimum Cumulative Resistance,MCR）和重力模型对生态安全进行诊断和潜在生态廊道识别提取。研究表明：（1）岳西县生态安全较高及高等级区域占县域总面积37.79%,而较低及低等级区域占51.89%,整体呈现北低南高的空间特征,生态安全水平总体偏低。（2）ESDA分析显示,生态安全空间分布全局Moran's I指数为0.6374,LISA图显示岳西县生态安全等级主要以高高（HH）、低低（LL）两种聚集类型为主,在空间上呈明显的片状集聚分布特征。在此基础上,选择生境良好的自然保护区及大型风景区斑块为生态源,生成累积耗费阻力面,基于MCR最小累积阻力模型构建生态源之间的最小累积耗费路径,提取潜在生态廊道90条,生态节点103个,利用重力模型识别出21条重要潜在生态廊道,其中,一级和二级潜在生态廊道分别为13条和8条。（3）结合岳西县旅游产业空间发展规划,提出了“一环三带”生态网络框架空间布局模式及优化对策,该模式可作为岳西县生态经济产业发展格局的有效补充。

关键词: 生态安全, 空间异质性, 最小累积阻力模型, 生态廊道, 大别山区岳西县

Abstract:

Taking Yuexi county, the core area of Dabie Mountain, which is a focus in China's targeted poverty alleviation campaign, as the research unit, and based on remote sensing and GIS platform, we selected ten ecological resistance factors, namely, elevation, slope, land use type, vegetation coverage, soil erosion, and distance from tourist spot, industrial land, water area, road, residential areas, to establish an ecological security evaluation index system. With the aid of ArcGIS, ecological security level was evaluated and potential ecological corridor recognition was extracted, through Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (ESDA) method, Minimum Cumulative Resistance (MCR) model and gravity model, to build ecological resistance. The results showed that: The high and higher level regions accounted for 37.79% of the total area of the county, while the low and lower ranking regions accounted for 51.89%, which present the spatial characteristics that the low level ecological security units were distributed in the north part, while the high level ones were in the south part, and that the overall ecological security level was relatively low in the county. Secondly, the spatial distribution characteristics of ecological security by means of ESDA analysis method indicated that the global Moran's I index was 0.6374, and LISA figure showed that there were mainly high (HH) and low (LL) types of aggregation for ecological security level, and the ecological security had a significant spatial clustering characteristic in Yuexi county. On this basis, good habitat in the nature reserve and large scenic spot patches were chosen as the ecological source, which is the first step for ecological source cumulative cost resistance surface generated by cost distance tool of ArcGIS. Then, the minimum cumulative cost path and the potential ecological corridor were identified and constructed based on MCR model. The results showed that a total of 21 important potential ecological corridors and 103 ecological nodes were identified and extracted, including 13 first-level corridors and 8 secondary corridors by means of gravity model. Finally, according to the characteristics of the tourism poverty alleviation industry and ecological economic development in the study area, the paper put forward the layout model of "one ring and three zones" ecological corridor network framework and some optimization countermeasures. This model is an effective supplement to the development pattern of ecological economy industry in Yuexi county.

Key words: ecological security, spatial heterogeneity, minimum cumulative resistance model, ecological corridor, Yuexi county, Dabie Mountain Area

黄木易, 岳文泽, 冯少茹, 蔡接接. 基于MCR模型的大别山核心区生态安全格局异质性及优化[J]. 自然资源学报, 2019, 34(4): 771-784.

HUANG Mu-yi, YUE Wen-ze, FENG Shao-ru, CAI Jie-jie. Analysis of spatial heterogeneity of ecological security based on MCR model and ecological pattern optimization in the Yuexi county of the Dabie Mountain Area[J]. JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES, 2019, 34(4): 771-784.

图/表 9

图1

表1

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

表2

图7

参考文献 35

[1]	欧阳志云, 崔书红, 郑华. 我国生态安全面临的挑战与对策. 科学与社会, 2015, 5(1): 20-30.
	[OUYANG Z Y, CUI S H, ZHENG H.The challenges and coping strategies for ensuring ecological security in China. Science and Society, 2015, 5(1): 20-30.]
[2]	马克明, 傅伯杰, 黎晓亚, 等. 区域生态安全格局: 概念与理论基础. 生态学报, 2004, 24(4): 761-768.
	[MA K M, FU B J, LI X Y, et al.The regional pattern for ecological security (RPES): The concept and theoretical basis. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2004, 24(4): 761-768.]
[3]	肖笃宁, 陈文波, 郭福良. 论生态安全的基本概念和研究内容. 应用生态学报, 2002, 13(3): 354-358.
	[XIAO D N, CHEN W B, GUO F L.On the basic concepts and contents of ecological security. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2002, 13(3): 354-358.]
[4]	BRAND U, VADROT A.Epistemic selectivities and the valorisation of nature: The cases of the Nagoya Protocol and the intergovernmental science-policy platform for biodiversity and ecosystem services (IPBES). Law, Environment and Development Journal, 2013, 9(2): 202-220.
[5]	LIU J, MOONEY H, HULL V, et al.Sustainability systems integration for global sustainability. Science, 2015, 347(6225): 1258832.
[6]	STEFFEN W, RICHARDSON K, ROCKSTRÖM J, et al. Planetary boundaries: Guiding human development on a changing planet. Science, 2015, 347(6223): 1259855.
[7]	傅伯杰, 于丹丹, 吕楠. 中国生物多样性与生态系统服务评估指标体系. 生态学报, 2017, 37(2): 341-348.
	[FU B J, YU D D, LYU N.An indicator system for biodiversity and ecosystem services evaluation in China. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2017, 37(2): 341-348.]
[8]	李建春, 袁文华. 基于GIS格网模型的银川市土地生态安全评价研究. 自然资源学报, 2017, 32(6): 988-1001.
	[LI J C, YUAN W H.Assessment of urban land ecological security in Yinchuan city based on the grid method. Journal of Natural Resources, 2017, 32(6): 988-1001.]
[9]	陈利顶, 周伟奇, 韩立建, 等. 京津冀城市群地区生态安全格局构建与保障对策. 生态学报, 2016, 36(22): 7125-7129.
	[CHEN L D, ZHOU W Q, HAN L J, et al.Developing key technologies for establishing ecological security patterns at the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban megaregion. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2016, 36(22): 7125-7129.]
[10]	BAI Y, JIANG B, WANG M, et al.New ecological redline policy (ERP) to secure ecosystem services in China. Land Use Policy, 2016, 55(798): 348-351.
[11]	刘国华. 西南生态安全格局形成机制及演变机理. 生态学报, 2016, 36(22): 7088-7091.
	[LIU G H.Formation and evolution mechanism of ecological security pattern in Southwest China. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2016, 36(22): 7088-7091.]
[12]	陈昕, 彭建, 刘焱序, 等. 基于“重要性—敏感性—连通性”框架的云浮市生态安全格局构建. 地理研究, 2017, 36(3): 471-484.
	[CHEN X, PENG J, LIU Y X, et al.Constructing ecological security patterns in Yunfu city based on the framework of importance-sensitivity-connectivity. Geographical Research, 2017, 36(3): 471-484.]
[13]	俞孔坚. 生物保护的景观生态安全格局. 生态学报, 1999, 19(1): 8-15.
	[YU K J.Landscape ecological security patterns in biological conservation. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 1999, 19(1): 8-15.]
[14]	KNAAPEN J P, SCHEFFER M, HAMS B.Estimating habitat isolation in landscape planning. Landscape and Urban Planning, 1992, 23(1): 1-16.
[15]	蒙吉军, 燕群, 向芸芸. 鄂尔多斯土地利用生态安全格局优化及方案评价. 中国沙漠, 2014, 34(2): 590-596.
	[MENG J J, YAN Q, XIANG Y Y.The optimization of ecological security pattern based on land use and assessment of schemes in Ordos. Journal of Desert Research, 2014, 34(2): 590-596.]
[16]	朱敏, 谢跟踪, 邱彭华. 海口市生态用地变化与安全格局构建. 生态学报, 2018, 38(9): 3281-3290.
	[ZHU M, XIE G Z, QIU P H.Ecological land use change and construction of ecological land security pattern in Haikou city. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2018, 38(9): 3281-3290.]
[17]	张晓玲, 周结斌. 安徽省大别山地区生态补偿现状、问题和建议. 治淮, 2016, (12): 47-49.
	[ZHANG X L, ZHOU J B.Current situation, problems and suggestions of ecological compensation in Dabie Mountain Area of Anhui province. Zhi Huai, 2016, (12): 47-49.]
[18]	舒肖明, 杨达源, 董杰. 山区生态足迹的计算与分析: 以大别山区岳西县为例. 长江流域资源与环境, 2005, 14(2): 243-247.
	[SHU X M, YANG D Y, DONG J.Analysis of ecological footprint in mountain area: Taking Yuxi county as an example. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2005, 14(2): 243-247.]
[19]	尹海伟, 孔繁花, 祈毅, 等. 湖南省城市群生态网络构建与优化. 生态学报, 2011, 31(10): 2863-2874.
	[YIN H W, KONG F H, QI Y, et al.Developing and optimizing ecological networks in urban agglomeration of Hunan province, China. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2011, 31(10): 2863-2874.]
[20]	朱强, 俞孔坚, 李迪华. 景观规划中的生态廊道宽度. 生态学报, 2005, 25(9): 2406-2412.
	[ZHU Q, YU K J, LI D H.The width of ecological corridor in landscape planning. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2005, 25(9): 2406-2412.]
[21]	陈小平, 陈文波. 鄱阳湖生态经济区生态网络构建与评价. 应用生态学报, 2016, 27(5): 1611-1618.
	[CHEN X P, CHEN W B.Construction and evaluation of ecological network in Poyang Lake Eco-economic Zone, China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2016, 27(5): 1611-1618.]
[22]	李玉平, 蔡运龙. 河北省土地生态安全评价. 北京大学学报: 自然科学版, 2007, 43(6): 784-789.
	[LI Y P, CAI Y L.Security evaluation of land ecology in Hebei province. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis, 2007, 43(6): 784-789.]
[23]	杨姗姗, 邹长新, 沈渭寿, 等. 基于生态红线划分的生态安全格局构建: 以江西省为例. 生态学杂志, 2016, 35(1): 250-258.
	[YANG S S, ZOU C X, SHEN W S, et al.Construction of ecological security patterns based on ecological red line: A case study of Jiangxi province. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2016, 35(1): 250-258.]
[24]	王琦, 付梦娣, 魏来, 等. 基于源-汇理论和最小累积阻力模型的城市生态安全格局构建: 以安徽省宁国市为例. 环境科学学报, 2016, 36(12): 4546-4554.
	[WANG Q, FU M D, WEI L, et al.Urban ecological security pattern based on source-sink landscape theory and MCR model: A case study of Ningguo city, Anhui province. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae. 2016, 36(12): 4546-4554.]
[25]	李晶, 蒙吉军, 毛熙彦. 基于最小累积阻力模型的农牧交错带土地利用生态安全格局构建: 以鄂尔多斯市准格尔旗为例. 北京大学学报: 自然科学版, 2013, 49(4): 707-715.
	[LI J, MENG J J, MAO X Y.MCR based model for developing land use ecological security pattern in farming-pastoral zone: A case study of Jungar Banner, Ordos. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis, 2013, 49(4): 707-715.]
[26]	蒙吉军, 朱利凯, 杨倩, 等. 鄂尔多斯市土地利用生态安全格局构建. 生态学报, 2012, 32(21): 6755-6766.
	[MENG J J, ZHU L K, YANG Q, et al.Building ecological security pattern based on land use: A case study of Ordos, Northern China. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2012, 32(21): 6755-6766.]
[27]	卓静. 基于3S技术的陕北地区生态环境遥感动态监测及评价. 西安: 西北大学, 2008.
	[ZHUO J.Dynamic monitoring and evaluation of eco-environment based on 3S technology in the northern of Shaanxi province. Xi'an: Northwestern University, 2008.]
[28]	中华人民共和国水利部. SL190-1996土壤侵蚀分类分级标准. 北京: 中国水利水电出版社, 1997.
	[Ministry of Water Resources of the People's Republic of China. SL 190-1996 Standards for Classification and Gradation of Soil Erosion. Beijing: China Water Conservancy and Hydropower Press, 1997.]
[29]	潘竟虎, 刘晓. 基于空间主成分和最小累积阻力模型的内陆河景观生态安全评价与格局优化: 以张掖市甘州区为例. 应用生态学报, 2015, 26(10): 3126-3136.
	[PAN J H, LIU X.Assessment of landscape ecological security and optimization of landscape pattern based on spatial principal component analysis and resistance model in arid inland area: A case study of Ganzhou district, Zhangye city, Northwest China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2015, 26(10): 3126-3136.]
[30]	刘孝富, 段培强, 王维, 等. 成都地震重灾区生态影响分区及恢复对策. 环境科学研究, 2010, 23(6): 711-718.
	[LIU X F, DUAN P Q, WANG W, et al.Research on ecological impact regionalization and restoration strategy in areas of Chengdu heavily impact by earthquake. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2010, 23(6): 711-718.]
[31]	刘宇舒, 赵天宇. 景观生态视角下镇域生态服务评价与网络构建. 中国园林, 2015, 31(10): 71-75.
	[LIU Y S, ZHAO T Y.Township ecosystem service evaluation and network construction based on landscape ecology. Chinese Landscape Architecture, 2015, 31(10): 71-75.]
[32]	彭建, 赵会娟, 刘焱序, 等. 区域生态安全格局构建研究进展与展望. 地理研究, 2017, 36(3): 407-419.
	[PENG J, ZHAO H J, LIU Y X, et al.Research progress and prospect on regional ecological security pattern construction. Geographical Research, 2017, 36(3): 407-419.]
[33]	朱军, 李益敏, 余艳红. 基于GIS的高原湖泊流域生态安全格局构建及优化研究: 以星云湖流域为例. 长江流域资源与环境, 2017, 26(8): 1237-1250.
	[ZHU J, LI Y M, YU Y H.Study of construction and optimization of ecological security pattern of lake basin in Plateau based on GIS: A case study of Xingyun Lake Basin. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2017, 26(8): 1237-1250.]
[34]	BENEDICT M A, MCMAHON E T.Green infrastructure: Smart conservation for the 21st century. Renewable Resources Journal, 2002, 20(3): 12-17.
[35]	蒋思敏, 张青年, 陶华超. 广州市绿地生态网络的构建与评价. 中山大学学报: 自然科学版, 2016, 55(4): 162-170.
	[JIANG S M, ZHANG Q N, TAO H C.Construction and evaluation of green space ecological network in Guangzhou. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni, 2016, 55(4): 162-170.]

评价因子	序号	分级参考来源	单位	阻力值				权重
评价因子	序号	分级参考来源	单位	1级	2级	3级	4级	权重
高程	A	文献[24]	m	<200	200~400	400~600	>600	0.150
坡度	B	文献[26]	°	<7	7~15	15~25	>25	0.200
土地利用类型	C	文献[23]	—	林地	水域	农用地	建设用地	0.050
植被覆盖度	D	文献[27]	—	>65%	50%~65%	35%~50%	<35%	0.150
土壤侵蚀	E	文献[28]	t·km^-2·a^-1	<2500	2500~5000	5000~10000	>10000	0.050
距景点距离	F	文献[24,29]	m	<1000		1000~5000	>5000	0.005
距工业用地距离	G	文献[22]	m	>1500	1000~1500	500~1000	<500	0.045
距水体距离	H	文献[25]	m	<100	100~500	500~1000	>1000	0.200
距道路距离	I	文献[30]	m	>2000	1000~2000	500~1000	<500	0.100
距居民点距离	J	文献[22,30]	m	>1500	1000~1500	500~1000	<500	0.050