基于LEI和MSPA的南昌市城市扩张类型与生态景观类型变化关联分析

doi:10.31497/zrzyxb.20190405

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

中国正处于城市化快速发展阶段,城市扩张导致大量生态景观日益破碎,分析城市扩张类型与生态景观类型的变化及其关联机制能为改善生态环境提供指导。以南昌市为研究区,采用景观扩张指数（LEI）和形态学空间格局分析法（MSPA）识别南昌市的城市扩张类型和生态用地景观类型,并通过建立缓冲区带分析城市扩张类型与生态景观类型变化的关联特征。结果表明：（1）南昌市城市扩张主要以边缘型扩张为主,生态用地以“核心”形态为主;（2）不同圈层的城市扩张类型和生态景观类型的关系在不同发展阶段差异显著;（3）在城市扩张过程中,总体上生态景观越加破碎,边缘型扩张会加速大型绿色斑块的减小,飞地型扩张促进绿色景观单元的破碎化,填充型扩张则有弱化这一过程的作用。研究结果可为控制城市无序扩张提供可靠的理论参考,并为研究区的城市有序扩张和生态环境保护提供决策依据。

关键词: LEI, MSPA, 城市扩张, 生态景观, 关联分析, 南昌市

Abstract:

The economic growth and urbanization development of Nanchang have been accelerated significantly and considerably by China's rapid urbanization and industrialization since the reform and opening-up in the late 1980s. However, due to the rapid urban expansion, the ecological and environmental problems caused by the fragmentation of green landscapes have become more serious. Thus, this paper chose Nanchang city as an example to analyze the changes and relationship of urban expansion types and ecological landscape types, which will provide guidance for improving the ecological environments. Firstly, this paper used the Landscape Expansion Index (LEI) to identify the expansion models of the three periods, and analyzed the variations of construction land expansion from both time and space, based on the land use data of 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015. Then, the Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis (MSPA) method was used to obtain the ecological landscapes of the four periods, and expressed the ecological landscape fragmentation process from nine representative points. Finally, multiple buffer layers were created to explore the correlation between the variations in different expansion types and landscape types. The results are shown as follows. (1) Edge-expansion is the main expansion pattern, while ecological landscape is dominated by "core", and the variation of expansion types and landscape types varies with time. (2) The relationship between urban expansion types and ecological landscape types in different circles is significantly different at different development periods. (3) During the urban expansion process, infilling expansion is the main method to improve the compactness at the central urban area. In general, the ecological landscape is more fragmented, the edge-expansion will accelerate the reduction of large green patches, and the outlying expansion promotes the green landscape units more fragmentary, while infilling expansion has the effect of weakening the process. According to the research results, calculating the landscape expansion index of the newly approved construction land and studying the current situation of ecological landscape types will enable decision makers to identify the urban expansion trend and make scientific and developmental predictions for the next stage of development. Then, decision makers can control the disorderly urban sprawl from a macroscopic level.

Key words: LEI, MSPA, urban expansion, landscape pattern, relationship analysis, Nanchang

赵燕如, 邹自力, 张晓平, 危小建. 基于LEI和MSPA的南昌市城市扩张类型与生态景观类型变化关联分析[J]. 自然资源学报, 2019, 34(4): 732-744.

ZHAO Yan-ru, ZOU Zi-li, ZHANG Xiao-ping, WEI Xiao-jian. The relationship analysis of urban expansion types and changes in ecological landscape types based on LEI and MSPA in the city of Nanchang[J]. JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES, 2019, 34(4): 732-744.

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景观类型	定义	生态学含义
核心区（Core）	前景像素点远离背景像素点的距离大于指定大小的某个参数的像素集合	大型自然斑块、野生动植物栖息地、森林保护区等
孤岛（Islet）	未连接任何的前景区域的斑块,并且面积小于核心区的最小阈值	彼此不相连的孤立、破碎的小型自然斑块,通常包括建成区内的小型城市绿地
孔隙（Perforation）	中心区内部的孔洞,由背景构成	核心区内部的建设用地,不具有生态效益
边缘区（Edge）	前景外部的边缘	是核心区和建设用地之间的过渡,具有边缘效应
连接桥（Bridge）	至少有2个点连到不同的核心区	连通核心区之间的带状生态用地,即区域绿色基础设施中的廊道,促进区域内部物种迁徙、能量流动与网络形成
环道（Loop）	至少有2个点连接到同一核心区	连接同一核心区的生态走廊,规模小、与外围自然斑块的连接度低
支线（Branch）	仅有一边连接到边缘区、桥接区或环道区	仅与核心区一端联系的生态斑块,景观连接度较差

年份	核心区面积			边缘区面积	连接桥面积	环道面积	支线面积	生态景观总面积
2000	4320.56	4.65	365.00	470.08	61.18	95.02	50.32	5366.81
2005	4192.65	4.17	341.87	460.41	56.25	84.08	52.10	5191.53
2010	4195.34	4.97	343.90	458.47	55.15	84.60	50.83	5193.26
2015	4092.20	6.57	338.05	470.97	57.76	86.90	54.26	5106.71